Standard Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays

ABSTRACT
This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged ceramic whiteware clays. For bulk shipment consisting lumps, samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck during unloading. Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to be done during unloading of the car or truck. For bulk shipment consisting shredded or coarsely ground clay, samples may be taken with a shovel, or with a grain sampler. For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, samples may be taken by a grain-sampler or similar sampling instrument. For a clay shipped in slurry form, a sample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample from any portion of the shipment except by skimming the top surface.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Since many tests are performed using very small amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions be obtained in a standardized manner. The practices described here take into account the possibility of segregation and variability of the ceramic powder in containers of the various sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2018
Drafting Committee
C21.04 - Raw Materials

Overview

ASTM C322-09(2018) - Standard Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays establishes uniform procedures for the sampling of ceramic whiteware clays in bulk and bagged forms. Developed under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21, this international standard is essential to ensure consistency, accuracy, and representativeness in laboratory test samples, accounting for potential material segregation and variability. The document addresses sampling methods for lump, shredded, coarse, powdered, and slurry clays shipped in various types of containers or tankers.

Key Topics

  • Sampling Bulk Clays: Methods for collecting samples from bulk shipments-such as those delivered in rail cars, trucks, or hoppers-are included. Specific techniques are described for sampling lump materials, shredded or coarsely ground clays, with instructions given to ensure that representative samples are taken from different locations during unloading.
  • Sampling Bagged Clays: For ground or air-floated clays shipped in bags, the standard outlines how many bags should be sampled based on the total lot size. Recommended tools include grain samplers or similar instruments to extract material from each sample unit, which are then combined and prepared for laboratory analysis.
  • Sampling Slurry Clays: Guidance is provided for sampling clays delivered in slurry form, ensuring that representative samples can be collected from any part of the shipment except the top surface, thus preventing bias caused by material settlement.
  • Sample Preparation: After collection, samples must be combined, mixed, and then reduced by quartering or riffle splitting to yield a final sample suitable for laboratory testing.
  • Safety and Compliance: The standard requires users to assess and implement appropriate health, safety, and environmental practices, and be aware of regulatory compliance for their operations.
  • International Standardization: ASTM C322-09(2018) aligns with recognized international standardization principles, promoting harmonization and facilitating global trade in ceramic raw materials.

Applications

Adherence to ASTM C322-09(2018) is crucial in the ceramics industry for manufacturers, laboratories, and suppliers dealing with whiteware clay. Key applications include:

  • Quality Control: Ensures samples used for laboratory testing represent the entire shipment, preventing sampling errors that could impact product quality or process decisions.
  • Research and Development: Provides a standardized framework for collecting material samples during formulation or evaluation of new ceramic products.
  • Procurement and Acceptance Testing: Assists vendors and buyers in establishing consistent methods for verifying clay shipment properties and compliance with contract specifications.
  • Regulatory Reporting: Offers recognized, traceable methods in fulfillment of quality system requirements or third-party certification for ceramic clays.

Related Standards

Professionals working with ceramic whiteware clays may also find relevance in the following related ASTM standards and industry documents:

  • ASTM C828 - Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Compacted or Sintered Powdered Metal Shapes
  • ASTM C301 - Standard Test Methods for Free Moisture in Ceramic Whiteware Clays
  • ASTM C730 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Color and Color Difference of Ceramic Whitewares
  • ISO 9001 - Quality management systems – Requirements

For further information and to obtain copies of these standards, visit the ASTM International website.

Keywords: ASTM C322, ceramic whiteware clays, clay sampling, bulk ceramic materials, laboratory sampling methods, clay slurry, bagged clay, quality control, ceramics industry standards.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM C322-09(2018) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged ceramic whiteware clays. For bulk shipment consisting lumps, samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck during unloading. Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to be done during unloading of the car or truck. For bulk shipment consisting shredded or coarsely ground clay, samples may be taken with a shovel, or with a grain sampler. For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, samples may be taken by a grain-sampler or similar sampling instrument. For a clay shipped in slurry form, a sample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample from any portion of the shipment except by skimming the top surface. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 2.1 Since many tests are performed using very small amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions be obtained in a standardized manner. The practices described here take into account the possibility of segregation and variability of the ceramic powder in containers of the various sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged ceramic whiteware clays. For bulk shipment consisting lumps, samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck during unloading. Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to be done during unloading of the car or truck. For bulk shipment consisting shredded or coarsely ground clay, samples may be taken with a shovel, or with a grain sampler. For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, samples may be taken by a grain-sampler or similar sampling instrument. For a clay shipped in slurry form, a sample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample from any portion of the shipment except by skimming the top surface. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 2.1 Since many tests are performed using very small amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions be obtained in a standardized manner. The practices described here take into account the possibility of segregation and variability of the ceramic powder in containers of the various sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM C322-09(2018) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.25 - Terracotta building products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM C322-09(2018) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C322 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* loading or unloading, at spaced intervals. The lumps shall then
be broken to pieces no larger than 4 in. (102 mm), in the largest
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and
dimension, and the several samples shall be made into a
bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays.
composite lot, by turning with a shovel on a clean floor. The
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
composite shall then be quartered or riffled to provide a 10-lb
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
laboratory sample.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2 Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to
and are not considered standard.
be done during unloading of the car or truck.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Where a bulk shipment consists of shredded or coarsely
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ground clay, sampling shall be done at 20 points for a 30-ton
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(27-Mg) unit; the samples may be taken with a shovel, or with
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
a grain sampler, if the form of the clay permits. The samples so
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
taken shall then be mixed thoroughly, and quartered or riffled
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
to form a 10-lb (4.5–kg) (or proportionately larger) laboratory
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sample.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.4 For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, the number
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of samples taken shall depend on the number of units in a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
shipment. A grain-sampler or similar sampling instrument shall
be used to take samples which then shall be combined, mixed,
2. Significance and Use
and quartered or riffled to obtain a 10-lb (4.5-kg) laboratory
2.1 Since many tests are performed using very small
sample. Where a shipment consists of 100 bags or less, the
amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions
number of bags sampled at random shall be not less than 5 and
be obtained in a standardized manner. The practices described
preferably 10. When the number of bags is greater than 100 but
here take into account the possibility of segregation and
less than 500, the number of bags sampled shall not be less
variability of the ceramic powder in containers of the various
than 15. For lots of from 500 to 1000 bags, 20 bags shall be
sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms.
sampled. For shipments of 1000 to 2000 bags, 30 bags shall be
sampled at random.
...

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