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ASTM E1164-09a

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation

Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The most general and reliable methods for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through transformation of them, other coordinates for describing the colors of objects are by the use of spectrometric data. Colorimetric data are obtained by combining object spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E 308.
This practice provides procedures for selecting the operating parameters of spectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed to obtain precise spectral data for computing the colors of objects.
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when spectrometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.
1.3 Most sections of this practice apply to both spectrometers, which can produce spectral data as output, and spectrocolorimeters, which are similar in principle but can produce only colorimetric data as output. Exceptions to this applicability are noted.
1.4 This practice is limited in scope to spectrometers and spectrometric colorimeters that employ only a single monochromator. This practice is general as to the materials to be characterized for color.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2009
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.02 - Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1164-09 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Replaced By
ASTM E1164-12 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1331-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3134-15(2019) - Standard Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1349-06(2022) - Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1247-12(2017) - Standard Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D1746-23 - Standard Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4960-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Color for Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1510-01(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1477-98a(2022) - Standard Test Method for Luminous Reflectance Factor of Acoustical Materials by Use of Integrating-Sphere Reflectometers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2539-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Interference Pigments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1347-06(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2153-01(2023) - Standard Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2244-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1164 – 09a
Standard Practice for
1
Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thefundamentalprocedureforevaluatingthecolorofareflectingortransmittingobjectistoobtain
spectrometric data for specified illuminating and viewing conditions, and from these data to compute
tristimulus values based on a CIE (International Commission on Illumination) standard observer and
a CIE standard illuminant. The considerations involved and the procedures used to obtain precise
spectrometric data are contained in this practice. The values and procedures for computing CIE
tristimulus values from spectrometric data are contained in Practice E308. Considerations regarding
the selection of appropriate illuminating and viewing geometries are contained in Guide E179.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental measurement re- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
quirements, calibration procedures, and material standards D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
needed to obtain precise spectral data for computing the colors of Transparent Plastics
of objects. E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified Measurement of Reflection andTransmission Properties of
when spectrometric measurements are required in specific Materials
methods, practices, or specifications. E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
1.3 Most sections of this practice apply to both spectrom- Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical
eters, which can produce spectral data as output, and spectro- and Bi-Directional Geometries
colorimeters, which are similar in principle but can produce E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
only colorimetric data as output. Exceptions to this applicabil- of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
ity are noted. E284 Terminology of Appearance
1.4 This practice is limited in scope to spectrometers and E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
spectrometric colorimeters that employ only a single mono- Using the CIE System
chromator. This practice is general as to the materials to be E387 Test Method for Estimating Stray Radiant Power
characterized for color. Ratio of Dispersive Spectrophotometers by the Opaque
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Filter Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this E805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
standard. Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety E925 PracticeforMonitoringtheCalibrationofUltraviolet-
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Slit Width
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and does not Exceed 2 nm
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory E958 Practice for Measuring Practical Spectral Bandwidth
limitations prior to use. of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
E991 PracticeforColorMeasurementofFluorescentSpeci-
mens Using the One-Monochromator Method
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.02 on Spectro-
2
photometry and Colorimetry. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1164 – 09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1164-09A. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1164 – 09a
E1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observa- ably. It exceeds unity if the system is such that the specimen
tion and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of causes more light to reach the receiver than would in its
Materials absence.
E2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data
for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color 4. Summary of Practice
E2194 PracticeforMultiangleColorMeasurementofMetal
4.1 Procedures are given for selecting the types and oper-
Flake Pigmented Materials
ating parameters of spectrom
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1164–09 Designation: E 1164 – 09a
Standard Practice for
1
Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thefundamentalprocedureforevaluatingthecolorofareflectingortransmittingobjectistoobtain
spectrometric data for specified illuminating and viewing conditions, and from these data to compute
tristimulus values based on a CIE (International Commission on Illumination) standard observer and
a CIE standard illuminant. The considerations involved and the procedures used to obtain precise
spectrometric data are contained in this practice. The values and procedures for computing CIE
tristimulus values from spectrometric data are contained in Practice E 308. Considerations regarding
the selection of appropriate illuminating and viewing geometries are contained in Guide E 179.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed to
obtain precise spectral data for computing the colors of objects.
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when spectrometric measurements are required in specific methods,
practices, or specifications.
1.3 Most sections of this practice apply to both spectrometers, which can produce spectral data as output, and spectrocolo-
rimeters, which are similar in principle but can produce only colorimetric data as output. Exceptions to this applicability are noted.
1.4 This practice is limited in scope to spectrometers and spectrometric colorimeters that employ only a single monochromator.
This practice is general as to the materials to be characterized for color.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
E 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
E 259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical and
Bi-Directional Geometries
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E 387 Test Method for Estimating Stray Radiant Power Ratio of Dispersive Spectrophotometers by the Opaque Filter Method
E 805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
E 925 Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Slit Width does not
Exceed 2 nm
E 958 Practice for Measuring Practical Spectral Bandwidth of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
E 991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
E 1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of Materials
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.02 on Spectrophotometry
and Colorimetry.
Current edition approved Feb. 15,June 1, 2009. Published FebruaryJune 2009. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 as E 1164 – 079.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 1164 – 09a
E 2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
E 2194 Pra
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most fundamental method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or other color coordinates for describing the colors of visual display units (VDUs) is by the use of spectroradiometric data. (See CIE No. 18 and 63.) These data are used by summation together with numerical values representing the 1931 CIE Standard Observer and normalized to Km, the maximum spectral luminous efficacy function.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.  
4.2 This practice is applicable to all object-color specimens, whether opaque, translucent, or transparent, meeting the requirements for specimens in the appropriate standards listed in 2.1. Translucent specimens should be measured by reflectance, with a standard non-fluorescent backing material, usually but not necessarily black, placed behind the specimen during measurement.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
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ASTM E1331-15(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a means of specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Munsell color order system, a system based on the color-perception attributes hue, lightness, and chroma. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision. This practice provides a simple visual method as an alternative to the more precise and more complex method based on spectrophotometry and the CIE system (see Practices E308 and E1164). Provision is made for conversion of CIE data to Munsell notation.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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ASTM
ASTM E1349-06(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or spectrocolorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by spectrophotometry using a bidirectional (0:45 or 45:0) optical measuring system. The method for color and color difference measurement using filter colorimeters is contained in Test Method E1347.  
5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses (see also Guide E179 and Practice E805):  
5.2.1 Object-color specimens of any gloss level for color assessment.  
5.2.2 Object-color specimens with physically flat, smooth surfaces from which to obtain data for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.2.3 Retroreflective specimens.
Note 1: To ensure inter-instrument agreement in the measurement of specimens with intermediate gloss, for formulation, or of retroreflective specimens, significantly tighter tolerances than those given in Practice E1164, Influx and Efflux Conditions, 45°:Normal (45:0) and Normal:45° (0:45) Reflectance Factor section, may be required for the instrument angles of illumination and viewing. Information on the required tolerances is being developed.  
5.3 This test method is not recommended for measurement of specimens with bare metal surfaces for color assessment, for which the use of hemispherical measurement geometry, as with an integrating-sphere type instrument, is preferable (see Guide E179).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of object-color specimens by use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a bidirectional optical measuring system, such as annular, circumferential, or uniplanar 45:0 or 0:45 geometry.  
1.2 This test method is generally suitable for any non-fluorescent, flat object-color specimen. It is especially recommended for measuring retroreflective specimens and specimens of intermediate gloss.  
1.3 Procedures required for the measurement of fluorescent object color are given in Practice E991 and Practice E2153.  
1.4 Procedures required for the measurement of color using filter colorimeters are contained in Test Method E1347 and this standard does not address those instruments.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    4 pages
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ASTM
ASTM E2301-12(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.  
5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.  
5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.  
5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM E179-17(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in selecting terminology, measurement scales, and instrumentation for describing or evaluating such appearance characteristics as glossiness, opacity, lightness, transparency, and haziness in terms of reflected or transmitted light. This guide does not consider the spectral variations responsible for color, but the geometric variables described herein can importantly affect instrumentally measured values of color. This guide is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    8 pages
    English language
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