ASTM C1140-98

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1140 – 98
Standard Practice for
Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test
Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Concrete Through Inverted Slump Cone
C 1018 Test Method for Flexural Toughness and First-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing test panels
Crack Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam
of dry-mix or wet-mix shotcrete and for testing specimens
with Third-Point Loading)
sawed or cored from the panels.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Summary of Practice
as the standard.
3.1 Test panels of shotcrete are fabricated using the person-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nel, materials, equipment, and shooting positions under inves-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tigation. Specimens are core drilled or sawed from these panels
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for evaluation.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Specimens obtained in accordance with the procedure
2. Referenced Documents
section of this practice may be used for preconstruction studies
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of shotcrete mixtures, to qualify nozzlemen and equipment, or
C 42 Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores
for quality control, or compressive or flexural strength testing,
and Sawed Beams of Concrete
during the progress of a project.
C 78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
5. Test Panels
C 138 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content
2 5.1 Forms for Panels:
(Gravimetric) of Concrete
5.1.1 The form for receiving the shotcrete shall be either
C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Con-
2 wood or steel construction and sufficiently rigid to prevent
crete
dislodging of the shotcrete through vibration or deformation.
C 171 Specification for Sheet Materials For Curing Con-
2 The form shall have a minimum width and length of 24 in. (610
crete
mm) and a minimum depth of 3 ⁄2 in. (89 mm) with either
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
2 square or sloped sides. Larger panels may be desirable for
Concrete by the Pressure Method
qualifying nozzlemen, equipment, or mixture design.
C 457 Test Method for Microscopical Determination of
2 5.1.1.1 Wood Forms—Wood forms shall have a back made
Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete
from plywood at least ⁄4-in. (19-mm) thick. Side pieces shall
C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and
be made from a standard 2 by 4 plank.
Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
3 5.1.1.2 Steel Forms—Steel forms shall be made using
Cements and Concretes
material having a minimum thickness of ⁄16-in. (5-mm) (No. 7
C 513 Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Specimens of
gage).
Hardened Lightweight Insulating Concrete for Compres-
sive Strength
6. Materials
C 642 Test Method for Specific Gravity, Absorption, and
6.1 Dry-Mix Process—The test mixture shall be of the same
Voids in Hardened Concrete
materials and proportions being used or proposed for use in the
C 995 Test Method for Time of Flow of Fiber-Reinforced
structure.
6.2 Wet-Mix Process—The test mixture shall be of the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete
specified slump and have the specified air content and unit
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.46 on
weight, or, when fibers are used, the specified time of flow, air
Shotcrete.
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally content, and unit weight as the mixture being used or proposed
published as C 1140 – 89. Last previous edition C 1140 – 97.
for use in the structure. Determine the air content by Test
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Method C 231, the unit weight by Method C 138, slump by
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1140
Test Method C 143 and time of flow by Test Method C 995 compressive strength perpendicular to the surface of the panel.
prior to shooting the panels. Cubes and beams may be tested either perpendicular or parallel
to the surface of the panel. The direction of testing can
7. Procedure
influence the results and shall be specified. Proper handling of
7.1 Number of Panels—A separate panel shall be shot for freshly applied specimens requires they be protected from
each mixture representing each admixture type or dosage, fiber
damage due to extremes of temperature and vibrating move-
type or fiber volume and each shooting position anticipated in ments, shaking, or shock during the hydration process. Beams
the structure (that is, slab, slopes, vertical, and overhead).
shall be tested in accordance with Test Method C 78 except that
7.2 The admixture, if one is used, shall be added in the same beams of fiber-reinforced concrete shall be tested in accor-
manner
...