ASTM D2699-15a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.
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Designation: D2699 − 15a
Designation: 237/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1,
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7,
determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition
X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.
engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that
contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method
2. Referenced Documents
may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable com-
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
pression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
a defined set of operating conditions.The O.N. scale is defined
D2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
by the volumetric composition of PRF blends.The sample fuel
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
knockintensityiscomparedtothatofoneormorePRFblends.
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample
Ignition Engine Fuel
fuel establishes the Research O.N.
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Compari-
number but this test method has a working range from 40 to
son Technique
120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for
D3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation
spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N.
Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels
range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the
Petroleum Products
Research O.N. range.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
Products, and Lubricants
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
Petroleum Products
historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because
Fuel
oftheextensiveandexpensivetoolingthathasbeencreatedfor
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
this equipment.
Volatility Measurement
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Measurement System Performance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
1
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
Subcommittee D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
etry
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2699 – 15. DOI:
3
10.1520/D2699-15A. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Motor O.N., determined using Test Method D2700, is a companion method to contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
provide a similar but typically lower octane rating under more severe operating Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
conditions. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2699 − 15a
E456 Terminolog
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2699 − 15 D2699 − 15a
Designation: 237/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel
in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable
2
to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder,
four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions.
The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of
one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120
Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing
of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N.
range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the
extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6)
and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison
Technique
D3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2015. Published July 2015November 2015. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as
D2699 – 13b.D2699 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D2699-15.10.1520/D2699-15A.
2
Motor O.N., determined using Test Method D2700, is a companion method to provide a similar but typically lower octane rating under more severe operating conditions.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2699 − 15a
D
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