ASTM B359/B359M-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B359/B359M − 18 B359/B359M − 23
Standard Specification for
Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser and Heat
Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B359/B359M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification establishescovers the requirements for seamless copper and copper alloy tubing on which the external or
internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold-forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat
transfer.
1.2 The tubes are typically used in surface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers.
1.3 The product shall be produced of the following coppers or copper alloys, as specified in the ordering information.
Copper or
Copper Alloy Type of Metal
UNS No.
C10100 Oxygen-free electronic
C10200 Oxygen-free without residual deoxidants
C10300 Oxygen-free, extra low phosphorus
C10800 Oxygen-free, low phosphorus
C12000 DLP Phosphorized, low residual phosphorus
(See Note 1)
C12200 DHP, Phosphorized, high residual phosphorus
(See Note 1)
C14200 DPA Phosphorized arsenical (See Note 1)
C15630 Nickel Phosphorus
C19200 Phosphorized, 1 % iron
C23000 Red Brass
C44300 Admiralty Metal Types B,
C44400 C, and
C44550 D
C60800 Aluminum Bronze
C68700 Aluminum Brass Type B
C70400 95-5 Copper-Nickel
C70600 90-10 Copper-Nickel
C70620 90-10 Copper-Nickel (Modified for Welding)
Copper or
Copper Alloy Type of Metal
UNS No.
C71000 80-20 Copper-Nickel Type A
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe and
Tube.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Oct. 1, 2023. Published November 2018October 2023. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20152018
as B359/B359MB359/B359M – 18.–15. DOI: 10.1520/B0359_B0359M–18.10.1520/B0359_B0359M-23.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SB-359 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B359/B359M − 23
C71500 70-30 Copper-Nickel
C71520 70-30 Copper-Nickel (Modified for Welding)
C72200 Copper-Nickel
NOTE 1—Designations listed in Classification B224.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either in-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems could result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 Product produced in accordance with the Supplementary Requirements section for military applications shall be produced only
to the inch-pound system of this specification.
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Sections 1, 12 and 18.
1.7 (Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution
when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional
information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national
law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.)
B359/B359M − 23
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing
B154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper Alloys
B170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
B224 Classification of Coppers
B601 Classification for Temper Designations for Copper and Copper Alloys—Wrought and Cast
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
B858 Test Method for Ammonia Vapor Test for Determining Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Copper Alloys
B900 Practice for Packaging of Copper and Copper Alloy Mill Products for U.S. Government Agencies
B968/B968M Test Method for Flattening of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube
D4727/D4727M Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Unalloyed Copper by Gravimetry (Withdrawn 2022)
E62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods) (Withdrawn 2010)
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E118 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper-Chromium Alloys (Withdrawn 2010)
E243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition
E478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys
E2575 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen in Copper and Copper Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
2.2 ASME Standard:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
3. General Requirements
3.1 Product described by this specification shall typically be furnished with unenhanced ends, but may be furnished with enhanced
ends or stripped ends from which the O.D. enhancement has been removed by machining.
3.1.1 The enhanced sections of the tube in the as-fabricated temper are in the cold-worked condition produced by the enhancing
operation.
3.1.2 The unenhanced sections of the tube shall be in the annealed or light drawn temper, and shall be suitable for rolling-in
operations.
4. Terminology
4.1 For the definitions of terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B846.
4.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.2.1 tube condenser, n—see tube, heat exchanger in Terminology B846.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Include the following information when placing orders under this specification:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
B359/B359M − 23
5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
5.1.2 Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. designation (see 1.3 and Section 7),
5.1.3 Temper (see Section 8),
5.1.4 Dimensions: diameter, wall thickness, length and location of unenhanced surfaces and total tube length. Configuration of
enhanced surfaces shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. (See Figs. 1 and 2).
5.1.5 Whether the product is to be subsequently welded for UNS Alloy C72200, UNS Alloys C70620 and C71520 are welding
grades of C70600 and C71500,
5.1.6 Quantity, and
5.1.7 If product is for the U.S. government.
5.2 The following options are available and shall be specified at the time of placing the order, when required:
5.2.1 When heat identification or traceability is required,
5.2.2 When tubes are for Boiler and Pressure Vessel code application, which should then be ordered according to ASME SB 359,
5.2.3 Flattening test (see 11.2),
5.2.4 Certification (see Section 22), when required,
5.2.5 Mill test report (see Section 23), when required, and
5.2.6 Stress relief annealing (see 9.4), when required.
5.3 In addition, when material is purchased for agencies of the U.S. government, it shall conform to the requirements specified
in the Supplementary Requirements section, when specified in the contract or purchase order.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Materials:
NOTE 1—The outside diameter over the enhanced section will not normally exceed the outside diameter of the unenhanced section.
FIG. 1 Enhanced Tube Nomenclature
B359/B359M − 23
FIG. 2 Inside Enhanced Tube Nomenclature
(Internal Groove Tube)
6.1.1 The material of manufacture shall be of such quality and purity that the finished product shall have the properties and
characteristics prescribed in this specification for the applicable alloy and temper.
B359/B359M − 23
6.2 Manufacture:
6.2.1 The seamless copper and copper alloy tubing shall have the internal or external surface, or both, modified by a cold forming
process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer.
6.2.2 The cut ends of the tubes shall be deburred.
6.2.3 Due to the discontinuous nature of the processing of castings into wrought products, it is not practical to identify specific
casting analysis with a specific quantity of finished material.
6.2.4 When heat identification is required, the purchaser shall specify the details desired in the purchase order or contract.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The tubes shall conform to the chemical requirements specified in Table 1 for copper or copper alloy specified in the ordering
information.
7.2 These specification limits do not preclude the presence of unnamed elements. By agreement between the manufacturer, or
supplier and purchaser, analysis may be required and limits established for elements not specified.
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
Composition, %
Copper
or
Other
Copper
Alumi- Nickel, incl Lead, Named
Copper Tin Iron Zinc Manganese Arsenic Antimony Phosphorus Chromium
Alloy
num Cobalt max Ele-
UNS No.
ments
A,B
C10100 99.99 min 0.0002 . . . 0.0010 0.0005 0.0010 0.0001 0.00005 0.0005 0.0004 max 0.0003 max . . . Te 0.0002
max max max max max max
C,D,E
C10200 99.95 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C,F,G
C10300 99.95 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001–0.005 . . . . . .
C,F,G
C10800 99.95 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.005–0.012 . . . . . .
C
C12000 99.90 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.004–0.012 . . . . . .
C
C12200 99.9 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.040 . . .
C
C14200 99.4 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.50 . . . 0.015–0.040 . . . . . .
C, H I
C15630 remainder . . . . . . 0.60–0.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.040 . . . . . .
J
C19200 98.5 min . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8–1.2 0.20 max . . . . . . . . . 0.01–0.04 . . . . . .
J
C23000 84.0–86.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.05 max remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K
C44300 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . 0.02–0.06 . . . . . . . . . . . .
K
C44400 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . . . . 0.02–0.10 . . . . . . . . .
K
C44500 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . . . . . . . 0.02–0.10 . . . . . .
C,H
C60800 remainder . . . 5.0–6.5 . . . 0.10 0.10 max . . . . . . 0.02–0.35 . . . . . . . . . . . .
C,H
C68700 76.0–79.0 . . . 1.8–2.5 . . . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . 0.02–0.06 . . . . . . . . . . . .
C,H
C70400 remainder . . . . . . 4.8–6.2 0.05 1.3–1.7 1.0 max 0.30–0.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C,H
C70600 remainder . . . . . . 9.0–11.0 0.05 1.0–1.8 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C,H
C70620 86.5 min . . . . . . 9.0–11.0 0.02 1.0–1.8 0.5 max 1.0 max . . . . . . 0.02 max . . . 0.05 C max
0.02 S max
C,H,L
C71000 remainder . . . . . . 19.0–23.0 0.05 1.0 max 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . . . . . . . . . .
C,H
C71500 remainder . . . . . . 29.0–33.0 0.05 0.40–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G,H
C71520 65.0 min . . . . . . 29.0–33.0 0.02 0.40–1.0 0.50 max 1.0 max . . . . . . 0.02 max . . . 0.05 C max
0.02 S max
C,J,L
C72200 remainder . . . . . . 15.0–18.0 0.05 0.50–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30–0.70 0.03 Si
0.03 Ti
A
This value is exclusive of silver and shall be determined by difference of “impurity total” from 100 %. “Impurity total” is defined as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth,
arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, manganese, cadmium, and oxygen present in the sample.
B
Other impurity maximums for C10100 shall be: bismuth and cadmium 0.0001 each, oxygen 0.0005, selenium 0.0003, silver 0.0025, and sulfur 0.0015.
C
Copper (including silver).
D
Oxygen in C10200 shall be 0.0010 max.
E
Cu is determined by the difference in the impurity total and 100 %.
F
Copper plus sum of named elements shall be 99.95 % min.
G
Includes P.
H
Cu + Sum of Named Elements, 99.5 % min.
I
Not including Co.
J
Cu + Sum of Named Elements, 99.8 % min.
K
Cu + Sum of Named Elements, 99.6 % min.
L
When the product is for subsequent welding applications, and so specified in the contract or purchase order, zinc shall be 0.50 % max, lead 0.02 % max, phosphorus
0.02 % max, sulfur 0.02 % max, and carbon 0.05 % max.
B359/B359M − 23
7.2.1 For alloys in which copper is specified as the remainder, copper may be taken as the difference between the sum of the results
for all specified elements and 100 % for the particular alloy.
7.2.2 For alloys in which zinc is specified as the remainder, either copper or zinc may be taken as the difference between the sum
of the results of specified elements analyzed and 100 %.
8. Temper
8.1 Tempers, as defined in Classification B601 and this document, are as follows:
8.1.1 The tube, after enhancing, shall be supplied, as specified, in the annealed (O61), heavy anneal (O62), or as-fabricated temper.
8.1.1.1 The enhanced sections of tubes in the as-fabricated temper are in the cold-worked condition produced by the fabricating
operation.
8.1.1.2 The unenhanced sections of tubes in the as-fabricated temper are either in the temper of the tube prior to enhancing
(annealed (O61), heavy anneal (O62), or light drawn (H55))(H55), or hard drawn (H80)) or when cold working of the unenhanced
portions is performed as a part of the enhancing operations they shall be in the light drawn (H55) temper. In either case, the
unenhanced surfaces shall be suitable for rolling-in operations.
8.1.1.3 Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, and C68700, furnished in the as-fabricated temper,
shall be stress-relief annealed after enhancing and be capable of meeting the requirements of the stress-corrosion susceptibility
requirement in Section 12. Stress-relief annealing of alloys not listed in this paragraph is not required unless specified by customer.
9. Grain Size of Annealed Temper
9.1 Samples of annealed-temper (O61, O62) tubes selected for test shall be subjected to microscopical examination at a
magnification of 75 diameters and shall show uniform and complete recrystallization.
9.2 Average grain size shall be within limits agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
9.3 The requirements of this section do not apply to product shipped in the as-fabricated temper.
9.4 Some annealed tubes, when subjected to aggressive environments, may be subject to stress-corrosion cracking failure because
of the residual tensile stresses developed in straightening. For such applications, it is recommended that tubes of Copper Alloy
UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, and C68700 be subjected to a stress relieving thermal treatment
subsequent to straightening. When required, this must be specified on the purchase order or contract. Tolerance for roundness and
length, and the condition for straightness, for tube so ordered, shall be to the requirements agreed upon between the manufacturer
and purchaser.
10. Mechanical Property Requirements
10.1 Tensile Property Requirements:
10.1.1 Prior to the enhancing operation, the tube shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
10.1.2 Alternatively, for those enhancing operations that include cold working of the unenhanced portions of the tube integral to
the process, the unenhanced portions shall conform to the H55 as prescribed in Table 2 for the UNS alloys identified.
11. Performance Requirements
11.1 Expansion Test—The unenhanced sections of all tubes selected for test shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table
3 when tested in accordance with Test Method B153. The expanded tube shall show no cracking or rupture visible to the unaided
eye.
11.2 Flattening Test:
B359/B359M − 23
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Tensile
Yield
A
Temper Designation Strength,
Strength,
Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No.
min
min
B B
Standard Former ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa]
C
C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 O61 annealed 30 [205] 9 [62]
C
C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 O62 heavy anneal 30 [205] 6.5 [45]
C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 H55 light-drawn 36 [250] 30 [205]
C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 H80 hard-drawn 45 [310] 40 [275]
C15630 O61 annealed 30 [205] 8 [55]
C19200 O61 annealed 38 [260] 12 [85]
C23000 O61 annealed 40 [275] 12 [85]
C44300, C44400, C44500 O61 annealed 45 [310] 15 [105]
C60800 O61 annealed 50 [345] 19 [130]
C68700 O61 annealed 50 [345] 18 [125]
C70400 O61 annealed 38 [260] 12 [85]
C70600 O61 annealed 40 [275] 15 [105]
C70620 O61 annealed 40 [275] 15 [105]
C71000 O61 annealed 45 [310] 16 [110]
C71500 O61 annealed 52 [360] 18 [125]
C71520 O61 annealed 52 [360] 18 [125]
C72200 O61 annealed 45 [310] 16 [110]
A
At 0.5 % extension under load.
B
ksi = 1000 psi.
C
Light straightening operation is permitted.
TABLE 3 Expansion Requirements
Expansion of Tube
Temper Designation
Outside Diameter in
Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No.
Percent of Original
Standard Former
Outside Diameter
O61 annealed C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 30
O62 heavy anneal C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 30
H55 light-drawn C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 20
H80 hard-drawn C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 20
O61 annealed C15630 40
O61 annealed C19200 30
O61 annealed C23000 20
O61 annealed C44300, C44400, C44500 20
O61 annealed C60800 20
O61 annealed C68700 20
O61 annealed C70400 30
O61 annealed C70600, C70620 30
O61 annealed C71000 30
O61 annealed C71500, C71520 30
O61 annealed C72200 30
11.2.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order, the flattening test described in the Test Method B968/B968M shall be
performed.
11.2.1.1 During inspection, the flattened areas of the test-specimen shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that do not
interfere with the intended application are acceptable.
12. Other Requirements
12.1 Mercurous Nitrate Test or Ammonia Vapor Test:
12.1.1 The mercurous nitrate or ammonia vapor test is required only for Copper Alloys UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400,
C44500, C60800, and C68700. (Warning—Mercury is a definite health hazard and therefore equipment for the detection and
removal of mercury vapor produced in volitization is recommended. The use of rubber gloves in testing is advisable.)
12.1.2 The test specimens, cut 6 in. [150 mm] in length from the enhanced section shall withstand, without cracking, an immersion
in the standard mercurous nitrate solution in Test Method B154 or immersion in the ammonia vapor solution as defined in Test
Method B858.
B359/B359M − 23
12.1.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer, or supplier, and the purchaser, the manufacturer shall have the
option of using either the mercurous nitrate test or the ammonia vapor test. If agreement cannot be reached, the mercurous nitrate
test standard shall be utilized.
12.1.4 If the ammonia vapor test is selected, the appropriate risk level pH value for the test solution shall be agreed upon by the
manufacturer and purchaser, or alternately, if the purchaser defers to the manufacturer’s expertise for the selection of the test pH
value, the minimum value selected shall be 9.8.
B359/B359M − 23
12.2 Non-Destructive Testing:
12.2.1 Each tube shall be subjected to a non-destructive test. Tubes shall normally be tested in the as-fabricated temper but, at the
option of the manufacturer, may be tested in the annealed temper. Unless otherwise specified, the manufacturer shall have the
option of testing the tubes by one of the following test methods:
12.2.1.1 Non-Destructive Examination for Defects:
(1) The tubes shall be passed through an eddy-current testing unit adjusted per in accordance with the requirements of 18.3.3
to provide information on the suitability of the tube for the intended application.
(2) Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of moisture, soil, and like effects may be reconditioned and retested. Such tubes
shall be considered to conform, should they not cause output signals beyond the acceptable limits.
(3) Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of visible and identifiable handling marks may be retested by the hydrostatic test
prescribed in 12.2.1.2 or the pneumatic test prescribed in 12.2.1.3.
(4) Unless otherwise agreed, tubes meeting the requirements of either test shall be considered to conform if the tube dimensions
are within the prescribed limits.
12.2.1.2 Hydrostatic Test—Each tube, without showing evidence of leakage, shall withstand an internal hydrostatic pressure
sufficient to subject the material in the unenhanced region of the tube to a fiber stress of 7000 psi [48 MPa], as determined by the
following equation for thin hollow cylinders under tension:
2St
P 5 (1)
D 20.8t
~ !
where:
P = hydrostatic pressure, psig, [MPa],
t = thickness of tube wall, in., [mm],
D = outside diameter of tube, in., [mm], and
S = allowable fiber stress of the material, psi [MPa].
The tube need not be tested at a hydrostatic pressure over 1000 psi [6.9 MPa] unless so specified.
12.2.1.3 Pneumatic Test—Each tube, after enhancing, shall withstand a minimum internal air pressure of 250 psig [1.7 MPa]
[1.7 MPa] for 5 s and any evidence of leakage shall be cause for rejection. The test method used shall permit easy visual detection
of any leakage, such as having the tube under water, or by the pressure differential method.
13. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
13.1 Tube Diameter:
13.1.1 The outside diameter of the unenhanced sections shall not vary by more than the amount shown in
...