ASTM F1014-02(2007)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1014 −02(Reapproved 2007) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Flashlights on Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Classification
1.1 This specification covers three types of flashlights (see 4.1 The three types of flashlights covered in this specifica-
Section 4). tion are classified as follows:
4.1.1 Type I—Flashlights for use in lifeboats and liferafts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.2 Type II—Flashlights for use in hazardous locations
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
where fire or explosion hazards may exist due to the presence
information only.
of flammable gases or vapors, flammable liquids, combustible
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
dust, or ignitable fibers or flyings.
test method portion, Section 9, of this specification:This
4.1.3 Type III—Flashlights for use in lifeboats and liferafts
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
and suitable for hazardous locations.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
4.2 Type I flashlights shall be manufactured in accordance
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
with Sections 2-11. Type II flashlights shall meet the require-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
ments in Sections 11 and 12.Type III flashlights shall meet the
tions prior to use.
requirements in Sections 2-12.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Materials and Manufacture
2.1 Military Standard:
5.1 Materials—All materials used in the construction of
MIL-STD-105DSampling Procedures and Tables for In-
these flashlights shall be of a quality suitable for the purpose
spection by Attributes
intended and shall conform to the requirements of this speci-
2.2 UL Standard:
fication.
UL Standard No. 783Standard for Safety Electric Flash-
5.2 Manufacture—Plastic, when used, shall be a suitable
lights and Lanterns for Use in Hazardous (Classified)
thermoplastic or thermosetting material so molded as to
Locations
produce a dense solid structure, uniform in texture, finish, and
mechanical properties.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 6. General Requirements
3.1.1 lot—amanufacturersproductionrunforaspecifictype
6.1 Each flashlight shall be a three-cell light.
of flashlight.
6.2 Each flashlight shall provide a concentrated beam of
3.1.2 order batch—the size of a specific contract or pur-
light. When used in this specification, a concentrated beam of
chase order taken from the lot.
light is light projected in a nearly parallel beam and is used to
3.1.3 production testing—the testing performed during a lot
illuminate objects at considerable distances.
run of specific flashlights.
6.3 The flashlight shall show no leakage of water and shall
beinperfectworkingorderfollowingthetestprescribedin9.2.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
6.4 The proportions and design of each flashlight shall be
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.10 on
suchthattheassembledunitcompletewithlampandcellsshall
Electrical.
be capable of withstanding, without breakage or material
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
distortionofanypartandwithoutupsettingthelampfocus,the
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1014-02. DOI:
10.1520/F1014-02R07.
test specified in 9.6. Damage of lamp filament or shifting of
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
filament within the lamp as a result of this test shall not be
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.
cause for rejection of the flashlight if the flashlight operates
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com. when the spare lamp is used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1014−02 (2007)
6.5 Each flashlight must be furnished with two lamps. One retain the focal adjustment of the lamp under a condition of
oftheselampsisaspareandmustbecontainedwithinthebody vibration, and when the flashlight is tested in accordance with
of the flashlight, either in the end cap or reflector head area. 9.1.2.
7.7 Switch—The switch shall be conveniently located and
6.6 All metal parts of each flashlight shall be made of
securely attached to the flashlight. It shall be provided with a
corrosion-resistant material. All copper or copper-alloy parts
permanent “ON” position, a manually operable signaling or
coming in contact with rubber shall not corrode or disintegrate
“FLASHING” position, and a locked “OFF” position. It shall
the rubber.
be provided with means to prevent accidental closing of the
6.7 The construction of each flashlight shall be such that a
lamp circuit. The switch parts and switch contact strip shall be
metalliccontactoutsidethecasecannotclosethebatterycircuit
adequatelyinsulatedsothatitwillbeimpossibleformetal-clad
and cause the light to come on.
cells to close a circuit when the switch is on the “OFF”
position. The flashlight shall be designed with a switch guard.
6.8 Each flashlight shall be provided with means to prevent
Contact springs shall be of phosphor bronze, spring brass, or
it from rolling.
other corrosion-resistant equivalent material.
7. Physical Requirements
7.8 Suspension Member—Each flashlight shall be equipped
withasuitablesuspensionringorclip.Theringorclipshallbe
7.1 Dimensions—Each flashlight shall not exceed 11½ in.
tested as specified in 9.8.
(292 mm) in length and shall have a lens ring diameter of no
more than 2½ in. (63.5 mm).
8. Workmanship
7.2 Case, Lens Head Ring, and End Cap:
8.1 Flashlights shall be of sturdy construction and free of
7.2.1 The flashlight case must be suitable to receive three
mechanical, electrical, or other imperfections or defects that
commercialD-sizedrycells.Theexterioroftheflashlightshall
materially affect appearance or that may affect quality, reliabil-
have molded flutes or ribs to provide a satisfactory gripping
ity, or serviceability. The finished flashlight shall not contain
surface when wet. Cells must be held in the case under
rough edges, burrs, blemishes, or other disfigurements and
sufficient pressure to ensure good contact and to prevent
shall be clean, free from rust, toolmarks, pits, and other
breaking of the circuit when the flashlight is tested in accor-
injurious defects.
dancewith9.1.2.Theflashlightmustbeconstructedsothatthe
8.1.1 Threaded parts shall be smooth and close fitting and
cells are readily replaceable.
shallbecapableofbeingeasilymovedbyhandrelativetoeach
other. Threaded parts shall not jump or change adjustment
7.2.2 The case, ring, and cap, need not be made of the same
when being put together or when subjected to the tests in
material but cooperating threaded surfaces should be of the
Section 9.
same type material.
7.3 Lens—The lens shall be of good quality, laminated,
9. Test Methods
shatter-proof glass or clear plastic, free from bubbles, striae,
9.1 Switches:
wrinkles, or other defects and blemishes that would affect the
9.1.1 Switch Leakage—With the lamp and reflector re-
light distribution. The lens shall be secured to the lens head
moved, insert fresh batteries into the flashlight. Connect a
ringbyasuitableretainingringorotherdevicesoastoprevent
voltmeter across the switch and battery or the switch and
it from being dropped when the lens head ring is unscrewed.
battery contacts, as appropriate, in such a way as to read the
7.4 Reflector—The reflector may be of metal or plastic and battery voltage through the switch. With the switch in the
musthavesufficientrigiditysoasnottobecomedistortedwhen
“OFF” position, read the voltage. Any distinguishable deflec-
the flashlight is completely assembled with cells and lamp. It tion of the meter hand when the meter is set in the voltage
must have an essentially parabolic reflecting surface, highly range,nearestthebatteryvoltage,shallconstitutefailureofthis
polished and resistant to corrosion and discoloration. The test.
3 1
reflector shall be 1 ⁄4 6 ⁄4 in. (44 66 mm) in diameter. 9.1.2 Operation—Insert batteries into the flashlight and
operate the switch five times in each of the three switch
7.5 Lamps—The lamps shall be appropriate for use with
positions. Shake the flashlight vigorously in each “ON” and
alkaline or carbon-zinc batteries. Each lamp must have a lamp
“FLASHING” switch position. The flashlight must not go off
life of at least 15 h at the rated battery voltage.
when shaken vigorously while the switch is in the “ON” or
7.6 Lamp Holder—The lamp shall be firmly positioned in “FLASHING” position.
the reflector. It shall be so positio
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