ASTM B820-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and Copper Alloy Strip
Standard Test Method for Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and Copper Alloy Strip
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This bend test provides information as to the formability or the ability of copper and copper alloy strip to resist cracking when being formed.
This test method can be used as a quality control tool to determine if material will form to a given radius.
This test method is also useful in research and development to provide data for use in selecting a spring material that will safely form to the geometry of a given part.
The results are suitable for direct application in design and manufacturing, only when all factors such as the geometry of the part, punch and die design, lubrication, stamping speed, and other material properties are known.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the technique of bend testing copper and copper alloy strip samples to determine product formability or the ability to resist cracking when forming a bend around a specific radius. The criterion for failure is the occurrence of cracks on the outer radius of curvature (convex).
1.2 This bend test is limited to strip from 0.003 to and including 0.031 in. thick. (0.076 to and including 0.79 mm).
1.3 The size of the forming radii used in this test shall be 0.005 to and including 0.250 in. (0.127 to and including 6.35 mm).
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B820 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and
1
Copper Alloy Strip
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to copper
1.1 This test method describes the technique of bend testing
and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B846, and for defini-
copper and copper alloy strip samples to determine product
tions of terms relating to mechanical testing, refer to Termi-
formability or the ability to resist cracking when forming a
nology E6.
bend around a specific radius. The criterion for failure is the
occurrenceofcracksontheouterradiusofcurvature(convex).
3.2 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bend, longitudinal (or good way bend)—a bend with
1.2 This bend test is limited to strip from 0.003 to and
an axis perpendicular to the direction of rolling, drawing or
including 0.031 in. thick. (0.076 to and including 0.79 mm).
extrusion (see Fig. 1).
1.3 The size of the forming radii used in this test shall be
3.2.2 bend, transverse (or bad way bend)—a bend with an
0.005 to and including 0.250 in. (0.127 to and including 6.35
axis on a plane parallel to the direction of rolling, drawing or
mm).
extrusion (see Fig. 1).
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
NOTE 1—The usage of these two terms is consistent with Test Method
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
E290.
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The bend test is made by applying a force transversely
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to the length of the specimen in the portion being bent, usually
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
at mid-length. The 90° bending forces are applied through an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
arrangementillustratedinFig.2,while180°bendingforcesare
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
applied through an arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3. When
complete fracture does not occur, the convex surface of the
2. Referenced Documents
specimen is examined for cracks. In general, the test using a
180° bend angle is a more severe test than the test using a 90°
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bend angle.
B846Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
B950Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product
5. Significance and Use
Specifications for Copper and Copper Alloys
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
5.1 Thisbendtestprovidesinformationastotheformability
E290Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductil-
ortheabilityofcopperandcopperalloystriptoresistcracking
ity
when being formed.
5.2 This test method can be used as a quality control tool to
determine if material will form to a given radius.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper
5.3 This test method is also useful in research and develop-
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on
Methods of Test. ment to provide data for use in selecting a spring material that
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
will safely form to the geometry of a given part.
ϵ1
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as B820–04 . DOI:
10.1520/B0820-09.
5.4 The results are suitable for direct application in design
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and manufacturing, only when all factors such as the geometry
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of the part, punch and die design, lubrication, stamping speed,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and other material properties are known.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B820 − 09
6.3 The length of all pins, rolls, mandrels, and radius flats
must exceed the width of the specimen; they must be strong
enough and sufficiently rigid to resist significant deformation.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Five specimens are required for this test.
FIG. 1 Direction of Bending
7.2 The test specimens may be prepared by cutting, shea
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:B 820–04 Designation: B 820 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and
1
Copper Alloy Strip
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—An editorial change was made to subsection 1.3 in October 2004.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the technique of bend testing copper and copper alloy strip samples to determine product
formability or the ability to resist cracking when forming a bend around a specific radius.The criterion for failure is the occurrence
of cracks on the outer radius of curvature (convex).
1.2 This bend test is limited to strip from 0.003 to and including 0.031 in. thick. (0.076 to and including 0.79 mm).
1.3The1.3 The size of the forming radii used in this test shall be 0.005 to and including 0.250 in. (0.127 to and including 6.35
mm).
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1The following documents in the current issue of the Book of Standards form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced herein:
2.2ASTM Standards:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
B 950 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product Specifications for Copper and Copper Alloys
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E 290 Test Method for Semi-Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Metallic Materials Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material
for Ductility
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B 846, and for definitions
of terms relating to mechanical testing, refer to Terminology E 6.
3.2 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bend, longitudinal (or good way bend)—abendwithanaxisperpendiculartothedirectionofrolling,drawingorextrusion
(see Fig. 1).
3.2.2 bend, transverse (or bad way bend)—a bend with an axis on a plane parallel to the direction of rolling, drawing or
extrusion (see Fig. 1).
NOTE 1—The usage of these two terms is consistent with Test Method E 290.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The bend test is made by applying a force transversely to the length of the specimen in the portion being bent, usually at
mid-length.The 90° bending forces are applied through an arrangement illustrated in Fig. 2, while 180° bending forces are applied
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper and CopperAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on Methods
of Test.
Current edition approved MayApril 1, 2004.2009. Published May 2004.2009. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as
´1
B820–98.B 820 – 04 .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B820–09
FIG. 1 Direction of Bending
FIG. 2 V-Block and Punch for 90° Bend Test
through an arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3. When complete fracture does not occur, the convex surface of the specimen is
examined for cracks. In general, the test using a 180° bend angle is a more severe test than the test using a 90° bend angle.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This bend test provides information as to the formability or the ability of copper and copper alloy strip to resist cracking
when being formed.
5.2 This test method can be used as a quality control tool to determine if material will form to a given radius.
5.3 This test method is als
...
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