ASTM D5165-93(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D5165–93(Reapproved2004)
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin
Kettle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 gel or gelled vehicle, n—any resin solution, or a more
complex blend of resins and alkyds that has been cooked to
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the
buildmolecularweightorreactedwithagellingorcrosslinking
gelationofaresinsolution,inkvarnish,orvehicleusingaresin
agent (for example, organo-aluminum compounds) and exhib-
kettle.
its a pseudoplastic rheology.
1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable
3.1.2 pregel or pregel vehicle, n—the resin solution or
for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is
vehicle components comprising the vehicle prior to the addi-
provided.
tion of gelling agent and viscosity adjusting solvent.
1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The terms “vehicle” and “varnish” are
ratingorevaluatingresinorvehiclegelability,andisapplicable
commonly used interchangeably. Some vehicle and varnish
only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a
chemists, however, may consider a varnish to be a vehicle that
rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish
undergoes a chemical reaction during a cooking cycle.
industry viscometers.
1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be
4. Summary of Practice
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
4.1 Prepare a pregel vehicle by dissolving all vehicle or
for information only.
varnish components, or both, in a heated 1-L, resin kettle with
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
inert gas blanket.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Add gellant solution into the pregel vehicle. Mix using
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the suggested stirring rate at the prescribed reaction tempera-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ture for 1 h.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Remove the vehicle from heat. Pour into a 1-qt can, and
2. Referenced Documents allow the sample to sit overnight before testing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehicles
D1545 Test Method forViscosity ofTransparent Liquids by
in laboratory equipment that most closely resembles produc-
Bubble Time Method
tion reactors. It can be used to predict the performance of gel
D1725 Test Method for Viscosity of Resin Solutions
vehicle components (resins, gellants, alkyds, etc.) in the user’s
D4040 Test Method for Rheological Properties of Paste
equipment.
Printing and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod Viscometer
5.2 An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for use
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
in preparing inks for press testing.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
3.1 Definitions:
6.1 Balance or Scale, accurate to 0.1 g.
6.2 Resin Kettle, 1-L with 5-neck kettle head.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
6.3 Electric Stirrer, equipped with speed control.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
6.4 Glass Stirring Rod.
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
6.5 Paddle, 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) in width.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5165 – 93 (1999).
6.6 Heating Mantle, to fit 1-L resin kettle.
DOI: 10.1520/D5165-93R04.
6.7 Electronic Temperature Control Device.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.8 Thermometer, with 15.24-cm (6-in.) immersion, and a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
range of 0 to 250°C, conforming to Specification E1.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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D5165–93 (2004)
8.5 When the temperature reaches 160°C, check that all
systems components have been dissolved into a homogeneous
solution. If yes, record the time and the r/min of the stirrer (if
possible). If not, allow system to mix until all components are
dissolved.
8.6 After a homogeneous vehicle is obtained, reduce the
solution temperature to 120°C.
8.7 Addthedesiredquantityofgellantsolutiontothepregel
vehicle at a temperature of 120°C or below and mix thor-
oughly.
8.8 Raisereactiontemperatureto160°C(ordefinedreaction
temperature), stirring at 380 to 420 r/min (if able to determine
stirring speed), an
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