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ASTM D6744-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to measure and compare thermal properties of materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain required thermal conductance levels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a steady-state technique for the determination of the thermal conductivity of carbon materials in thicknesses of less than 25 mm. The test method is useful for homogeneous materials having a thermal conductivity in the approximate range 1 30 W/(mK), (thermal resistance in the range from 10 to 400 104  m2 K/W) over the approximate temperature range from 150 to 600 K. It can be used outside these ranges with reduced accuracy for thicker specimens and for thermal conductivity values up to 60 W/(mK).
Note 1—It is not recommended to test graphite cathode materials using this test method. Graphites usually have a very low thermal resistance, and the interfaces between the sample to be tested and the instrument become more significant than the sample itself.
1.2 This test method is similar in concept to Test Methods E 1530 and C 518. Significant attention has been paid to ensure that the thermal resistance of contacting surfaces is minimized and reproducible.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2005
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6744-01 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D6744-06(2011) - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6353-23 - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006

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ASTM D6744-06 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter TechniqueASTM D6744-06 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique
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ASTM D6744-06 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6744–06
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode
1
Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6744; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1530 Test Method for Evaluating the Resistance to Ther-
mal Transmission of Materials by the Guarded Heat Flow
1.1 This test method covers a steady-state technique for the
Meter Technique
determination of the thermal conductivity of carbon materials
inthicknessesoflessthan25mm.Thetestmethodisusefulfor
3. Terminology
homogeneous materials having a thermal conductivity in the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
approximate range 1< l < 30 W/(m·K), (thermal resistance in
−4 2 3.1.1 average temperature—the average temperature of a
the range from 10 to 400 3 10 m ·K/W) over the approxi-
surface is the area-weighted mean temperature of that surface.
mate temperature range from 150 to 600 K. It can be used
3.1.2 heat flux transducer (HFT)—adevicethatproducesan
outside these ranges with reduced accuracy for thicker speci-
electrical output that is a function of the heat flux, in a
mens and for thermal conductivity values up to 60 W/(m·K).
predefined and reproducible manner.
NOTE 1—Itisnotrecommendedtotestgraphitecathodematerialsusing
3.1.3 thermal conductance (C)—the time rate of heat flux
thistestmethod.Graphitesusuallyhaveaverylowthermalresistance,and
through a unit area of a body induced by unit temperature
the interfaces between the sample to be tested and the instrument become
difference between the body surfaces.
more significant than the sample itself.
3.1.4 thermal conductivity (l), of a solid material—thetime
1.2 This test method is similar in concept to Test Methods
rate of heat flow, under steady conditions, through unit area,
E1530 and C518. Significant attention has been paid to ensure
per unit temperature gradient in the direction perpendicular to
that the thermal resistance of contacting surfaces is minimized
the area.
and reproducible.
3.1.5 thermal resistance (R)—the reciprocal of thermal
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
conductance.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Symbols:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- l = thermal conductivity, W/(m·K), Btu·in/(h·ft ·°F)
2 2
C = thermal conductance, W/(m ·K), Btu/(h·ft ·°F)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 2
R = thermal resistance, m ·K/W, h·ft ·°F/Btu
2. Referenced Documents
Dx = specimen thickness, mm, in
2 2
2
A = specimen cross sectional area, m,ft
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Q = heat flow, W, Btu/h
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
f = heat flux transducer output, mV
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
N = heat flux transducer calibration constant,
2 2
W/(m ·mV), Btu/(h·ft ·mV)
2 2
Nf = heat flux, W/m , Btu/(h·ft )
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on DT = temperature difference,° C, °F
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
T = temperature of guard heater, °C, °F
g
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
T = temperature of upper heater, °C, °F
u
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally
T = temperature of lower heater, °C, °F
l
approved in 2001. Last previous edition in 2001 as D6744–01. DOI: 10.1520/
T = temperature of one surface of the specimen, °C, °F
D6744-06. 1
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or T = temperature of the other surface of the specimen, °C,
2
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
°F
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
T = mean temperature of the specimen, °C, °F
m
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6744–06
important(itmaybeonthehotorcoldside)asthetestmethod
s = unknown specimen
is based on maintaining axial heat flow with minimal heat
r = known calibration or reference specimen
losses or gains radially. It is also up to the designer whether to
o = contacts
choose heat flow upward or downward or horizontally, al-
4. Summary of Test Method
though downward heat flow in a vertical stack is the most
4.1 A specimen a
...

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5.1 This standard provides a description of test methods used in other ASTM specifications to establish certain acceptable methods for characterizing thermocouple assemblies and thermocouple cable. These test methods define how those characteristics shall be determined.  
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5.1 This test method is intended to be used by wire producers and thermocouple manufacturers for certification of refractory metal thermocouples. It is intended to provide a consistent method for calibration of refractory metal thermocouples referenced to a calibrated radiation thermometer. Uncertainty in calibration and operation of the radiation thermometer, and proper construction and use of the test furnace are of primary importance.  
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1.2.1 Type 1—Bare-wire thermocouple assemblies in which vacuum or an inert or reducing gas is the only electrical insulating medium between the thermoelements.  
1.2.2 Type 2—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements.  
1.2.3 Type 2A—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements, permanently enclosed and sealed in a loose fitting metal or ceramic tube.  
1.2.4 Type 3—Swaged assemblies in which a refractory insulating powder is compressed around the thermoelements and encased in a thin-walled tube or sheath made of a high melting point metal or alloy.  
1.2.5 Type 4—Thermocouple assemblies in which one thermoelement is in the shape of a closed-end protection tube and the other thermoelement is a solid wire or rod that is coaxially supported inside the closed-end tube. The space between the two thermoelements can be filled with an inert or reducing gas, or with ceramic insulating materials, or kept under vacuum.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers

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5.1 Most thermal analysis experiments are carried out under increasing temperature conditions where temperature is the independent parameter. Some experiments, however, are carried out under isothermal temperature conditions where the elapsed time to an event is measured as the independent parameter. Isothermal Kinetics (Test Methods E2070), Thermal Stability (Test Method E487), Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) (Test Methods D3895, D4565, D5483, E1858, and Specification D3350) and Loss-on-Drying (Test Methods E1868) are common examples of these kinds of experiments.  
5.2 Modern scientific instruments, including thermal analyzers, usually measure elapsed time with excellent precision and accuracy. In such cases, it may only be necessary to confirm the performance of the instrument by comparison to a suitable reference. Only rarely will it may be required to correct the calibration of an instrument's elapsed time signal through the use of a calibration factor.  
5.3 It is necessary to obtain elapsed time signal conformity only to 0.1 times the repeatability relative standard deviation (standard deviation divided by the mean value) expressed as a percent for the test method in which the thermal analyzer is to be used. For those test methods listed in Section 2 this conformity is 0.1 %.
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ASTM
ASTM E2918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to determine and validate the performance of a particular thermomechanical analyzer apparatus.  
5.2 This test method may be used to determine and validate the performance of a particular method based upon thermomechanical analyzer temperature or length change measurements.  
5.3 This test method may be used to determine the repeatability of a particular apparatus, operator, or laboratory.  
5.4 This test method may be used for specification and regulatory compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for validating temperature and length change measurements of thermomechanical analyzers (TMA) and analytical methods based upon the measurement of temperature and length change. Performance parameters include temperature repeatability, linearity, and bias; and dimension change repeatability, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and bias.  
1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical methods is a necessary requirement for quality initiatives. Results may also be used for legal purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off