ASTM D8-11
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
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Designation:D8–11
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS manufacture of bituminous pavements, and having a pen-
Relating in General to Bituminous Materials etration at 25°C (77°F) of between 5 and 300, under a load
of 100 g applied for 5 s.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
asphaltenes, n—the high molecular weight hydrocarbon frac-
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative
tion precipitated from asphalt by a designated paraffinic
charges on the discontinuous phase.
naphtha solvent at a specified solvent-asphalt ratio.
bitumen, n—a class of black or dark-colored (solid, semisolid,
DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the
or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufac-
solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
tured, composed principally of high molecular weight hy-
drocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltites
asphalt rock (rock asphalt), n—a naturally occurring rock
are typical.
formation, usually limestone or sandstone, impregnated
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also
throughout its mass with a minor amount of bitumen.
bituminized). Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
felts and fabrics, bituminous pavement.
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component
bituminous emulsion, n—(1) a suspension of minute globules
is at least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted
of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,
in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the
(2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an
rubber particles.
aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.
naphthene-aromatics, n—a mixture of naphthenic and aro-
cationicemulsion, n—atypeofemulsionsuchthataparticular
matic hydrocarbons which are adsorbed from a paraffinic
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of positive
solvent on an adsorbent during percolation and then des-
charges on the discontinuous phase.
orbed with an aromatic solvent such as toluene.
cut-back asphalt, n—petroleum residuum (asphalt) which has
DISCUSSION—The naphthene-aromatics fraction should be identified
been blended with petroleum distillates.
by the solvent, the solvent-asphalt ratio and the absorbing medium.
DISCUSSION—Slow-curing materials may be made directly by distil-
native asphalt, n—asphalt occurring as such in nature.
lation and are often referred to as road oils.
polar-aromatics, n—a polar aromatic hydrocarbon fraction
cut-backproducts, n—petroleum or tar residuums which have
that is adsorbed on an adsorbing medium from a paraffinic
been blended with distillates.
solvent during percolation and then desorbed with a chlori-
flux, n—a bituminous material, generally liquid, used for
nated hydrocarbon solvent such as trichloroethylene.
softening other bituminous materials.
DISCUSSION—The polar-aromatics fraction should be identified by the
solvent, the solvent-asphalt ratio and the absorbing medium.
Relating Specifically to Petroleum or Asphalts
reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), n—asphalt pavement or
asphalt, n—a dark brown to black cementitious material in
paving mixture removed from its original location for use in
which the predominating constituents are bitumens which
recycled asphalt paving mixture.
occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing.
recycled asphalt paving mixture, n—a mixture of reclaimed
asphalt cement, n—a fluxed or unfluxed asphalt specially
asphalt pavement with the inclusion, if required, of asphalt
prepared as to quality and consistency for direct use in the
cement, emulsified asphalt, cut-back asphalt, recycling
agent, mineral aggregate, and mineral filler.
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
recycling agent (RA), n—a blend of hydrocarbons with or
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
without minor amounts of other materials that is used to alter
Terminology.
or improve the properties of the aged asphalt in a recycled
Current edition approved June 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally
publishedasD 8 – 12.LastpreviouseditionD 8 – 94,whichwaswithdrawnin2007
asphalt paving mixture.
and reinstated in June, 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D0008–11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 8–02 Designation:D8–11
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope
1.1This standard is a compilation of terminology related to materials used in the highway industry, generally for the construction
of bituminous pavements, and that are within the jurisdiction of Committee D04. Terms that are generally understood or that are
adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 is included in two other standards. Terms relating to bridge deck
and substructure protection are defined in Terminology D 3743C 125. Terms relating to sealants for joints and cracks are defined
in Terminology D 5535D 3743.
1.3When a term is used in anASTM document for which Committee D04 is responsible, it is included herein only when judged,
after review by Subcommittee D04.95, to be a term generally usable in a number of Committee D04 standards.
1.4Definitions that are identical to those published by other ASTM committees or other standards organizations are identified
with the ASTM designation (for example, Terminology C 125C 125) or with the abbreviation of the name of the organization.
1.5A definition in this standard is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group expressed in a single sentence with
additional information included in notes or discussion.
NOTE1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still appropriate
as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
D3743Terminology Relating to Bridge Deck and Substructure Protection
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D5535Terminology Relating to Formed-in-Place Sealants for Joints and Cracks in Pavements
2.2 AASHTO Standards:
MP2Standard Specification for Superpave Volumetric Mix Design
3.Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1Bituminous Materials:
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Relating in General to Bituminous Materials
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
asphalt, n—a dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens which occur in
nature or are obtained in petroleum processing.
asphalt cement, n—a fluxed or unfluxed asphalt specially prepared as to quality and consistency for direct use in the manufacture
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.95 on Quality
Control, Inspection and Testing Agencies.
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally published as D 8–12. Last previous edition D 8–97.on Road and Paving Materials and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on Terminology.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune15,2011.PublishedJuly2011.OriginallypublishedasD 8 – 12.LastpreviouseditionD 8 – 94,whichwaswithdrawnin2007andreinstated
in June, 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D0008–11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D8–11
of bituminous pavements, and having a penetration at 25°C (77°F) of between 5 and 300, under a load of 100 g applied for 5
s.
asphaltenes, n—the high molecular weight hydrocarbon fraction precipitated from asphalt by a designated paraffinic naphtha
solvent at a specified solvent-asphalt ratio.
DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
asphalt rock (rock asphalt), n—a naturally occurring rock formation, usually limestone or sandstone, impregnated throughout its
mass with a mino
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