ASTM D1881-97(2002)e2

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D1881–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—The address for Godax Laboratories in footnote 7 was updated editorially in June 2003.
´ NOTE—Definitions, 3.1, was changed to Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard editorially in April 2007.
1. Scope 3.1.2 eye, n—the appearance of foam free area on the
surface of the test coolant surrounded by a ring of foam
1.1 This test method covers a simple glassware test for
clinging to the cylinder walls.
evaluating the tendency of engine coolants to foam under
laboratory-controlled-conditions of aeration and temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Asolution of coolant andASTMType II water is blown
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with air at a constant rate for 5 min, while maintained at a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
constant temperature of 88 6 1°C (190 6 2°F) by means of a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
suitable temperature bath. The volume of foam, and the time
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
for such foam to break, are measured.
warning statements, see 7.2 and 7.4.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5. Significance and Use
standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate
5.1 The test method generally will distinguish coolants that
equivalents provided for information purposes only.
have a tendency to foam excessively from those that are
2. Referenced Documents suitable for further evaluation to determine performance in
2 actual service.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1176 Practice for Sampling and PreparingAqueous Solu-
NOTE 1—In use, the foaming tendency of a coolant solution may be
tions of Engine Coolants orAntirusts forTesting Purposes increased by service aging or contamination. A properly functioning
pressure cap will tend to suppress foaming in coolant solutions.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3585 SpecificationforASTMReferenceFluidforCoolant
6. Apparatus
Tests
6.1 Container—A 500-mL graduated container of heat-
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
resistant glass, having a diameter of 45 to 50 mm and a length
E128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Per-
of 380 mm.
meability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
6.2 Temperature Bath—A heat resistant glass container
3. Terminology
largeenoughtopermitimmersionofthegraduatedcontainerat
least to the 350 mL graduation mark. A 4000-mL beaker is
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
satisfactory.
3.1.1 break time, n—the time required for the foam to
6.3 Heat Source—Any heating system capable of maintain-
collapse (after the air supply has been shut off) to the first
ing a uniform bath temperature 61°C (62°F). A750-watt
appearance of an “eye” on the surface of the test solution.
electric hot-plate is satisfactory.
6.4 Aerator Tube—A 25.4-mm (1-in.) diameter spherical
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine 3
gas-diffuser stone made of fused crystalline alumina grain
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on Glassware
which meets the following specifications when tested in
Performance Tests.
Current edition approved May 10, 1997. Published June 1998. Originally accordance with the method given in Annex A1:
published as D1881–61T. Last previous edition D1881–96. DOI: 10.1520/
Maximum pore diameter, µm Not greater than 80
D1881-97R02E02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For information on aerator supplier and specifications contactASTM Subcom-
the ASTM website. mittee D15.06 through ASTM International Headquarters.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1881–97 (2002)
Nochromix and alcoholic sodium (potassium) hydroxide are
Permeability at a pressure of 2.45 kPa, mL of air/min 3000 to 6400
common acid and base cleaning baths, respectively.
6.5 Thermometer—AnASTMPartialImmersionThermom-
(Warning—The cleaning baths are strong oxidants and strong
eter having a range from −20 to +150°C (0 to 302°F) and
acid and base, respectively.Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and
conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 1F as pre-
clothing. Do not breathe vapor. Handle in a fume hood.)
scribed in Specification E1.
6.6 Air Supply—A clean and dry source, free from grease
8. Test Solution
and other contaminants, capable of maintaining the prescribed
8.1 A33% by volume solution of reference coolant (Speci-
flow rate through the diffuser stone.
ficationD3585testcoolantwithoutantifoam)shallbeprepared
6.7 Timer—Astopwatchorsuitabletimingdevice,accurate
with the proper quantity of Type II water.
to 60.2 s.
8.2 Prepare a 33% by volume solution of the coolant to be
6.8 Vent—Athree-way stopcock inserted in the metered air
tested with Type II water. Use the same glassware used to
supply line immediately ahead of the aerator tube.
preparethereferencecoolanttestsolution.Rinsetheglassware
6.9 Typical Assembly Set-Up—A typical apparatus using a
withTypeIIwaterbetweenpreparations.Additiveconcentrates
hot-plate heat source is shown in Fig. 1.
shall be diluted with Type II water to recommended use
concentration. Preparation of the sample shall be done in
7. Materials and Reagents
accordance with treatment of mixtures described in Test
7.1 Purity of Water—Unlessotherwiseindicated,references
Method D1176.Thus, any insoluble materials will be included
to water means reagent water as defined by Type II of
in the representative sample.
Specification D1193.
7.2 Acetone, for flushing and drying the test equipment.
9. Test Conditions
(Warning—Acetone is extremely flammable.)
7.3 Specification D3585 Test Coolant—Unless otherwise 9.1 Test Temperature—Thetemperaturebathshallbekeptat
indicated, references to the reference test coolant means
a constant volume (350 to 375 mL mark of the graduated
Specification D3585 coolant prepared without antifoam (Plu- cylinder) throughout the test. The test solution shall be main-
ronic L-61) as defined in Specification D3585. tained at 88 6 1°C (190 6 2°F) throughout. This temperature
7.4 Cleaning Bath—Refers to an acid or base cleaning is suitable for both high-boiling and low-boiling coolants.
solution used to clean glassware between tests. The choice of
9.2 Aeration Rate—The aeration rate shall be 1000 6 25
cleaning baths depends on individual needs. For example, mL/min.
9.3 Number of Tests—The reference coolant sh
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