iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E535-14

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.  
4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to be useful in one or more of the following areas, among others: product development, quality control, product comparisons, screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or a fire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users of fire-test-response standards because it provides much of the general rationale for the development and use of such standards.  
4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire risk assessment standards.  
4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of standards not related to fire-test responses of materials, products or assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards2, which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.  
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standards and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.  
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2014
ICS
13.220.01 - Protection against fire in general
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.31 - Terminology and Services / Functions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E535-12 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Replaced By
ASTM E535-19 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM E800-20 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM E2102-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Mass Loss and Ignitability for Screening Purposes Using a Conical Radiant Heater
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM E1549/E1549M-13(2022) - Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM E176-21ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
Effective Date
01-May-2014

Buy Standard

ASTM E535-14 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response StandardsASTM E535-14 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E535-14 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
English language
8 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM E535-14 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response StandardsREDLINE ASTM E535-14 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM E535-14 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
English language
8 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E535 − 14 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
1
Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard has been developed to assist ASTM Committees in the writing of fire-test-response
standards that comply with the ASTM policy on fire standards (see Annex A1).
The policy on fire standards describes the types ofASTM fire standards and their required caveats.
Committee E05 has the responsibility of helping other committees developing fire standards by
providing the information and assistance required by all committees for writing standards which
contain testing procedures for the response of materials, products, or assemblies to fire.
Fire-test-response standards are standards for, or based on, one or more fire-test-response
characteristics. A fire-test-response characteristic provides a means of measuring the response of
materials, products, or assemblies to a prescribed source of heat alone or to one of heat and flame
under controlled test conditions.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
ASTM Standards , which shall be consulted in writing all E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
ASTM standards. E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 Thispracticecontains,directlyorbyreference,allofthe
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
information required to comply with the policy on fire stan-
E2536 GuideforAssessmentofMeasurementUncertaintyin
dards and the additional guidelines recommended by Commit-
Fire Tests
tee E05.
E2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees,
Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty inASTM Test
establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-
Methods
test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat
3. Terminology
or flame under prescribed conditions).
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
practice, refer to Terminology E176.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 fire-test-response characteristic, n—a response char-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
acteristic of a material, product, or assembly, to a prescribed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative source of heat or flame, under controlled fire conditions; such
response characteristics may include but are not limited to ease
measures.
of ignition, flame spread, mass loss, smoke generation, fire
resistance, and toxic potency of smoke.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
3.1.2.1 Discussion—A fire-test-response characteristic can
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.31 on Terminology
be influenced by variable characteristics of the heat source,
and Services / Functions.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally
3
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E535 – 12. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E0535-14. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Available on request from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E535 − 14
such as its intensity, or of the burning environment, such as 5.4.1.1 Identify the standard as a “fire-test-response
ventilation, geometry of item or enclosure, humidity or oxygen standard,”
concentration. It is not an intrinsic property such as specific 5.4.1.2 State the purpose of the standard,
heat, thermal conductivity, or heat of combustion, where the 5.4.1.3 Specify the known limitations of the standard,
value is independent of test variables. A fire-test-response 5.4.1.4 Specify the significance of the data that are gener-
characteristic may be described in one of several terms. Smoke ated (including relevance to human life and property, where
generation, for example, may be
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E535 − 12 E535 − 14 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
1
Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard has been developed to assist ASTM Committees in the writing of fire-test-response
standards that comply with the ASTM policy on fire standards (see Annex A1).
The policy on fire standards describes the types of ASTM fire standards and their required caveats.
Committee E05 has the responsibility of helping other committees developing fire standards by
providing the information and assistance required by all committees for writing standards which
contain testing procedures for the response of materials, products, or assemblies to fire.
Fire-test-response standards are standards for, or based on, one or more fire-test-response
characteristics. A fire-test-response characteristic provides a means of measuring the response of
materials, products, or assemblies to a prescribed source of heat alone or to one of heat and flame
under controlled test conditions.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards , which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM
standards.
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standards
and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-
response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2536 Guide for Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in Fire Tests
E2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E176.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.31 on Terminology and Services
/ Functions.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012May 1, 2014. Published April 2012June 2014. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 as E535
– 09.12. DOI: 10.1520/E0535-12.10.1520/E0535-14.
2
Available on request from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E535 − 14
3.1.2 fire-test-response characteristic, n—a response characteristic of a material, product, or assembly, to a prescribed source
of heat or flame, under controlled fire conditions; such response characteristics may include but are not limited to ease of ignition,
flame spread, mass loss, smoke generation, fire resistance, and toxic potency of smoke.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
A fire-test-response characteristic can be influenced by variable characteristics of the heat source, such as its intensity, or of the
burning environment, such as ventilation, geometry of item or enclosure, humidity or oxygen concentration. It is not an intrinsic
property such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, or heat of combustion, where the value is independent of test variables. A
fire-test-response characteristic may be described i
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E535-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.  
4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to be useful in one or more of the following areas, among others: product development, quality control, product comparisons, screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or a fire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users and developers of fire-test-response standards (Section 5) because it provides much of the general rationale for the development and use of such standards.  
4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire risk assessment standards.  
4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of standards not related to fire-test responses of materials, products or assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards,2 which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.  
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standards and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.  
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1355-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
5.2 The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
5.3.1 Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.  
5.3.2 Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.  
5.3.3 Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.  
5.3.4 Approving Officials—To ensure that the results of calculations using mathematical models stating conformance to this guide, cited in a submission, show clearly that the model is used withi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.  
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of evaluation:  
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,  
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,  
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and  
1.2.4 Quantifying the uncertainty and accuracy of the model results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire scenarios.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2653-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine Precision Estimates for a Test Method with Fewer Than Six Participating Laboratories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice is used when the number of participating laboratories or materials being tested, or both, in a precision study is less than the number specified by Practice E691. When possible, it is strongly recommended that a full Practice E691 standard protocol be followed to determine test method precision. Precision results produced by the procedures presented in this standard will not have the same degree of accuracy as results generated by a full Practice E691 protocol. This procedure will allow for the development of useful precision results when a full complement of laboratories is not available for interlaboratory testing.  
5.2 This practice is based on recommendations for interlaboratory studies and data analysis presented in Practice E691. This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but with a standard means for gathering information and treating the data needed for developing a precision statement for a test method when a complete Practice E691 interlaboratory study and data analysis are not possible.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) for estimating the precision of a test method when fewer than six laboratories are available to meet the recommended minimum requirements of Practice E691. Data obtained from an interlaboratory study are useful in identifying variables that require modifications for improving test method performance and precision.  
1.2 Precision estimates developed using this practice will not be statistically equivalent to precision estimates produced by Practice E691 because a small number of laboratories are used. The smaller number of participating laboratories will seriously reduce the value of precision estimates reported by this practice. However, under circumstances where only a limited number of laboratories are available to participate in an ILS, precision estimates developed by this practice will provide the user with useful information concerning precision for a test method.  
1.3 A minimum of three qualified laboratories is required for conducting an ILS using this practice. If six or more laboratories are available to participate in an ILS for a given test method, Practice E691 shall be used for conducting the ILS.  
1.4 Since the primary purpose of this practice is the development of the information needed for a precision statement, the experimental design in this practice will not be optimum for evaluating all materials, test methods, or as a tool for individual laboratory analysis.  
1.5 Because of the reduced number of participating laboratories, a Laboratory Monitor shall be used in the ILS. See Guide E2335.  
1.6 Field of Application—This practice is concerned with test methods that yield numerical values or a series of numerical values for different properties associated with the test method. The numerical values mentioned above are typically the result of calculations from a set of measurements.  
1.7 This practice includes design information suitable for use with the development of interlaboratory studies for test methods that have categorization (go-no-go) allocation test results. However, it does not provide a recommended statistical practice for evaluating the go-no-go data.  
1.8 This practice cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.9 This practice is issued under Committee E05, but it is generic in its statistical approach such that it is applicable to any other method.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to ...

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1529-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assemblies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.  
5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions. Quantitative measurements of the thermal exposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnace calibration and actual testing.  
5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the size of the fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as wind conditions), the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.  
5.1.3 Any variation to construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) from that of the tested assembly is capable of substantially changing the performance characteristics of the assembly.  
5.2 Separate procedures are specified for testing column specimens with and without an applied superimposed load.  
5.2.1 The procedures for testing loaded columns stipulate that the load shall be applied axially. The applied load is to be the m...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of columns, girders, beams or similar structural members, and fire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or composite construction, that are employed in HPI or other facilities subject to large hydrocarbon pool fires.  
1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether structural members of assemblies, or fire-containment wall assemblies, will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These tests shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different structural and fire-containment wall assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.  
1.4 These test methods provide for quantitative heat flux measurements during both the control calibration and the actual test. These heat flux measurements are being made to support the development of design fires and the use of fire safety engineering models to predict thermal exposure and material performance in a wide range of fire scenarios.  
1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other items such as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks, and cable trays. Testing of these types of items requires development of appropriate specimen details and end-point or failure criteria. Such failure criteria and test specimen descriptions are not provided in these test methods.  
1.6 Limitations—These test methods do not provide the following:  
1.6.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those ...

  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1776-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Development of Fire-Risk-Assessment Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire-risk-assessment standards. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.  
4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire-risk-assessment standard; fixed procedures are not established. Limitations of data, available tests and models, and scientific knowledge can constitute significant constraints on the fire-risk-assessment procedure and associated standard.  
4.3 While the focus of this guide is on developing fire-risk-assessment standards for products, the general concepts presented also can be applied to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the development of fire-risk-assessment standards.  
1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire risks harmful to people, property, or the environment.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This standard is used to establish a means of combining the potential for harm in fire scenarios with the probabilities of occurrence of those scenarios. Assessment of fire risk using this standard depends upon many factors, including the manner in which the user selects scenarios and uses them to represent all scenarios relevant to the application. This standard cannot be used to assess fire risk if any specifications are different from those contained in the standard.  
1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1546-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.  
4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard standard; fixed procedures are not established. Limitations of data, available tests and models, and scientific knowledge may constitute significant constraints on the fire-hazard-assessment procedure.  
4.3 While the focus of this guide is on developing fire-hazard-assessment standards for products, the general concepts presented also may apply to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings.  
4.4 When developing fire-risk-assessment standards, use Guide E1776. The present guide also contains some of the guidance to develop such a fire-risk assessment standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards.  
1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.  
1.3 Fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment are both procedures for assessing the potential for harm caused by something–the subject of the assessment–when it is involved in fire, where the involvement in fire is assessed relative to a number of defined fire scenarios.  
1.4 Both fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment provide information that can be used to address a larger group of fire scenarios. Fire-hazard assessment provides information on the maximum potential for harm that can be caused by the fire scenarios that are analyzed or by any less severe fire scenarios. Fire-risk assessment uses information on the relative likelihood of the fire scenarios that are analyzed and the additional fire scenarios that each analyzed scenario represents. In these two ways, fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment allow the user to support certain statements about the potential for harm caused by something when it is involved in fire, generally.  
1.5 Fire-hazard assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize maximum potential for harm under worst-case conditions. Fire-risk assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize overall risk (average severity) or to characterize the likelihood of worst-case outcomes. It is important that the user select the appropriate type of assessment procedure for the statements the user wants to support.  
1.6 Fire-hazard assessment is addressed in this guide and fire-risk assessment is addressed in Guide E1776.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.9 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E800-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Because of the loss of life in fires from inhalation of fire gases, much attention has been focused on the analyses of these species. Analysis has involved several new or modified methods, since common analytical techniques have often proven to be inappropriate for the combinations of various gases and low concentrations existing in fire gas mixtures.  
4.2 In the measurement of fire gases, it is imperative to use procedures that are both reliable and appropriate to the unique atmosphere of a given fire environment. To maximize the reliability of test results, it is essential to establish the following:  
4.2.1 That gaseous samples are representative of the compositions existing at the point of sampling,  
4.2.2 That transfer and pretreatment of samples occur without loss, or with known efficiency, and  
4.2.3 That data provided by the analytical instruments are accurate for the compositions and concentrations at the point of sampling.  
4.3 This document includes a comprehensive survey that will permit an individual, technically skilled and practiced in the study of analytical chemistry, to select a suitable technique from among the alternatives. It will not provide enough information for the setup and use of a procedure (this information is available in the references).  
4.4 Data generated by the use of techniques cited in this document should not be used to rank materials for regulatory purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species, together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one analytical method over another.  
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale). With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods could be used for measurement in most fire environments.  
1.3 This document is intended to be a guide for investigators and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods. A single analytical technique has not been recommended for any chemical species unless that technique is the only one available.  
1.4 The techniques described herein can be used to determine the concentration of a specific gas in the total sample collected for analysis. These techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that would be generated by a specimen during a fire test.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1591-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Fire Growth Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended primarily for users and developers of mathematical fire growth models. It is also useful for people conducting fire tests, making them aware of some important applications and uses for small-scale fire test results. The guide thus contributes to increased accuracy in fire growth model calculations, which depend greatly on the quality of the input data.  
4.2 The emphasis of this guide is on ignition, pyrolysis and flame spread models for solid materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes data required as input for mathematical fire growth models.  
1.2 Guidelines are presented on how the data can be obtained.  
1.3 The emphasis in this guide is on ignition, pyrolysis and flame spread models for solid materials.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E535-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.  
4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to be useful in one or more of the following areas, among others: product development, quality control, product comparisons, screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or a fire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users and developers of fire-test-response standards (Section 5) because it provides much of the general rationale for the development and use of such standards.  
4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire risk assessment standards.  
4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of standards not related to fire-test responses of materials, products or assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards,2 which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.  
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standards and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.  
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1355-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
5.2 The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
5.3.1 Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.  
5.3.2 Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.  
5.3.3 Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.  
5.3.4 Approving Officials—To ensure that the results of calculations using mathematical models stating conformance to this guide, cited in a submission, show clearly that the model is used withi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.  
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of evaluation:  
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,  
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,  
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and  
1.2.4 Quantifying the uncertainty and accuracy of the model results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire scenarios.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off