ASTM D1997-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry Mass
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry Mass
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to standardize the procedure for determining fiber content of peat by dry mass.
5.2 A standard test method for determining the quantity of fibers in a peat sample is necessary not only for classifying peats and organic soils (as in Classification D4427), but is also a significant parameter in predicting or defining the many end uses of these materials. In this regard, fiber content has been related to agricultural and horticultural end uses (such as mulching, soil enrichment, etc.), geotechnical measurements (such as strength, compressibility, permeability, etc.), industrial chemical uses (such as production of waxes, activated carbon, medicines, etc.), and even energy uses (such as direct combustion, methanol production, gas yields, etc.).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the fiber content of peat (as defined in Classification D4427) by dry mass. It also may be used for non-peat organic soil materials.
1.2 Because this test method is simple and requires no sophisticated equipment to perform, it is especially recommended for routine reconnaissance work, where large numbers of samples need to be tested and mineral contents are low.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Alternate sieve designations in parentheses are as provided in Specification E11. Use Practice D6026 for determining significant digits to report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1997 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat
1
Samples by Dry Mass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
Sieves
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
thefibercontentofpeat(asdefinedinClassificationD4427)by
3. Terminology
dry mass. It also may be used for non-peat organic soil
3.1 Definitions:
materials.
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
1.2 Because this test method is simple and requires no
to Terminology D653.
sophisticated equipment to perform, it is especially recom-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mended for routine reconnaissance work, where large numbers
3.2.1 fiber—a fragment or piece of plant tissue that retains a
of samples need to be tested and mineral contents are low.
recognizable cellular structure and is large enough to be
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
retained on a 150-µm (No. 100) sieve. Plant materials larger
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this than 20 mm in smallest dimension are not considered fibers.
standard. Alternate sieve designations in parentheses are as
3
4. Summary of Test Method
provided in Specification E11. Use Practice D6026 for deter-
mining significant digits to report.
4.1 A known mass of intact, undried peat is soaked in a
dispersing agent (5% sodium hexametaphosphate) for ap-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
proximately 15 h. The material is then washed through a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
150-µm (No. 100) sieve (see Specification E11) by application
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of a gentle flow of tap water. The fibrous material left on the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sieve is oven-dried (at 110 6 5°C) until the mass does not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
change more than 0.1 % per hour. The mass of fiber is
2. Referenced Documents
expressed as a percentage of the oven-dried mass of the
2
original sample.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
Fluids
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
D4427Classification of Peat Samples by LaboratoryTesting
5. Significance and Use
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Data 5.1 The purpose of this test method is to standardize the
procedure for determining fiber content of peat by dry mass.
1
5.2 A standard test method for determining the quantity of
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium
fibers in a peat sample is necessary not only for classifying
for Plant Growth.
peats and organic soils (as in Classification D4427), but is also
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
ε1
a significant parameter in predicting or defining the many end
in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1997–91 (2008) . DOI:
10.1520/D1997-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM This test method is a modified version of one described in: Riley, J. L.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on “Laboratory Methods for Testing Peat,” Ontario Peatland Inventory Project,
the ASTM website. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5572, 1986, pp. 21–22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1997 − 91 (Reapproved 2008) D1997 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat
1
Samples by Dry Mass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section references were editorially corrected in Section 9.2 in July 2009.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the fiber content of samples of peat (as defined in Classification
D4427) by dry mass. It also may be used for non-peat organic soil materials.
1.2 Because this test method is simple and requires no sophisticated equipment to perform, it is especially recommended for
routine reconnaissance work, where large numbers of samples need to be tested and mineral contents are low.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Alternate sieve designations in parentheses are as provided in Specification E11. Use Practice D6026 for determining significant
digits to report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4427 Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 fiber—a fragment or piece of plant tissue that retains a recognizable cellular structure and is large enough to be retained
on a 100-mesh sieve (openings 150 μm). 150-μm (No. 100) sieve. Plant materials larger than 20 mm in smallest dimension are
not considered fibers.
3
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A known mass of undisturbed,intact, undried peat is soaked in a dispersing agent (5 % sodium hexametaphosphate) for
approximately 15 h. The material is then washed through a 100-mesh (150 μm)150-μm (No. 100) sieve (see Specification E11)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium for
Plant Growth.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008June 1, 2013. Published February 2008July 2013. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 as
ε1
D1997 – 91 (2001).(2008) . DOI: 10.1520/D1997-91R08E01.10.1520/D1997-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
This test method is a modified version of one described in: Riley, J. L., “Laboratory Methods for Testing Peat,” Ontario Peatland Inventory Project, Ontario Geological
Survey Open File Report 5572, 1986, p. 21–22. This test method is a modified version of one described in: Riley, J. L., “Laboratory Methods for Testing Peat,” Ontario
Peatland Inventory Project, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5572, 1986, pp. 21–22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D1997 − 13
by application of a gentle flow of tap water. The fibrous material left on the sieve is oven-dried (at 105°C) until a constant mass
is achieved. 110 6 5°C) until the mass does not change more than 0.1 % per hour. The mass of fiber is expressed as a percentage
of the oven-dried mass of the original sample.
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard
...
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