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ASTM D7592-15

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel

Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. It defines a specific type of lead-free aviation gasoline; however, this specification does not include all gasoline satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. It is possible that certain equipment or conditions of use can bring about a wider or require a narrower range of characteristics than what is shown in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies.  
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline that contains no lead. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the time and place of delivery.  
1.4 The current purpose for the fuel specified herein is for certification and testing of an engine and engine components.  
1.5 The UL94 standard is to be used for engine calibration and FAA certification.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2015
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.02 - Aviation Piston Engine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7592-14 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Replaced By
ASTM D7592-15a - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel (Withdrawn 2016)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4529-17 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015

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ASTM D7592-15 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test FuelASTM D7592-15 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM D7592-15 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test FuelREDLINE ASTM D7592-15 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM D7592-15 - Standard Specification for Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Certification and Test Fuel
English language
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7592 −15 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
1
Certification and Test Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;
3
Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for
D614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation
purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended
Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700
primarily for use by purchasing agencies.
3
(Withdrawn 1970)
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
gasoline that contains no lead. It does not include all gasolines
(Potential Residue Method)
satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equip-
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
ment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
specification.
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.3 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the D1948 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
Fuels Above 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;
time and place of delivery.
3
Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1968)
1.4 The current purpose for the fuel specified herein is for
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
certification and testing of an engine and engine components.
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.5 The UL94 standard is to be used for engine calibration
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
and FAA certification.
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation
and Distillate Fuels
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Ignition Engine Fuel
standard.
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
2. Referenced Documents
Ignition Engine Fuel
2 D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion Spectroscopy
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
Atmospheric Pressure
tion of Aviation Fuels
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
(Reid Method)
Petroleum Products
D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1 Petroleum Products
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Subcommittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
Fuels.
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally
tion of Aviation Fuels
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7592 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D7592-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7592−15
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid 5.2.1.2 2, 4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision 5.2.1.3 2, 6-ditertiary butylphenol.
Method) 5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2, 6-ditertiary butylphenol plus
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec- 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7592 − 14 D7592 − 15 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Specification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
1
Certification and Test Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended
primarily for use by purchasing agencies.
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline that contains no lead. It does not include all gasolines
satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower,
range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the time
and place of delivery.
1.4 The current purpose for the fuel specified herein is for certification and testing of an engine and engine components.
1.5 The UL94 standard is to be used for engine calibration and FAA certification.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replaced by
3
D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)
D614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn
3
1970)
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1948 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor Fuels Above 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replaced
3
by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1968)
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.02 on J2 Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014June 1, 2015. Published May 2014October 2015. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 as
D7592 – 10.D7592 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7592-14.10.1520/D7592-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7592 − 15
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustio
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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