ASTM D4884/D4884M-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As explained in Test Method D4595, narrow geotextile specimens demonstrate the tendency to contract (neck down) in the gage area when under stress. The wider width specimen will minimize this phenomenon in seams during strength testing. The results achieved in this test method can more accurately correlate to the seam strength values anticipated in the field.
5.2 This test method can be used to measure the seam strength of geotextiles, and may also be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles.
5.3 This test method can be used to help determine seam design engineering for the geotextiles being evaluated.
5.4 This test method is not intended to address long term performance of a seam nor any of its components such as the thread or the adhesive. However, it can be used as an index value to monitor the behavior of a seam exposed to any particular exposure, in example as part of an effort to assess its long term performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the seam strength of geotextiles, using a wide specimen.
1.2 The long term performance of a seaming technique is not addressed by this test method. This test method will provide data to indicate the short term seam strength that can be achieved for each particular geotextile and seam assembly construction. To assess the long term performance of a seaming technique, it is possible to use Practice D6389, using this test method to determine the anticipated strength reduction in the initial, short term wide-width tensile strength (Test Method D4595) results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4884/D4884M − 14
StandardTest Method for
1
Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4884/D4884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6389 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-
tance of Geotextiles to Liquids
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the seam
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
strength of geotextiles, using a wide specimen.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 The long term performance of a seaming technique is
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
not addressed by this test method. This test method will 3
2.2 Federal Standard:
provide data to indicate the short term seam strength that can
Fed. Std. No. 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
be achieved for each particular geotextile and seam assembly
construction.Toassessthelongtermperformanceofaseaming
3. Terminology
technique, it is possible to use Practice D6389, using this test
3.1 Definitions:
method to determine the anticipated strength reduction in the
3.1.1 adhered seam, n—in geotextiles, a seam made by the
initial, short term wide-width tensile strength (Test Method
application of an adhesive.
D4595) results.
3.1.2 cross-machine direction—the direction in the plane of
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
the geotextile perpendicular to the direction of manufacture.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.3 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
solely of textiles.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.4 linear density, n—mass per unit length; the quotient
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
obtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.
with the standard.
3.1.5 machine direction—the direction in the plane of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
geotextile parallel to the direction of manufacture.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 seam allowance, n—the width of geotextile used in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
making a seam assembly, for sewn seams bounded by the edge
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the geotextile and the furthest stitch line, and for thermally
bonded seams bounded by the edge of the geotextile and the
2. Referenced Documents
furthest seam edge.
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2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.6.1 Discussion—In geotextiles, the distance from the
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for selvageorturnededgeofthegeotextiletotheedgeoftheseam.
Textiles
3.1.7 seam assembly, n—the unit obtained by joining geo-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
textile with a seam, including details such as geotextile
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
direction(s), seam allowance, seam width, seam type, speed,
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
and if sewn—sewing threads used and number of stitches per
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
unit length, needle type and size, and if adhered – adhesive
the Wide-Width Strip Method
used, amount of adhesive in weight per unit area, overlap
dimension and one or both sides with adhesive applied and so
forth.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani- 3.1.8 seam design engineering, n—the procedures used to
cal Properties.
select a specific thread, a specific stitch type, and a specific
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally
seam type to achieve the required seam strength of a sewn
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4884 – 13. DOI:
seam and the procedures used to select a specific seam width,
10.1520/D4884_D4884M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4884/D4884M − 14
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4884 − 13 D4884/D4884M − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4884;D4884/D4884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the seam strength of geotextiles. The primary distinction of this test method
for evaluating seam strength is the width of the specimen. This is in contrast to the more narrow specimen width used in the tensile
grab strength test discussed in Test Method geotextiles, using a wide specimen.D1683.
1.2 The long term performance of a seaming technique is not addressed by this test method. This test method will provide data
to indicate the short term seam strength that can be achieved for each particular geotextile and seam assembly construction. To
assess the long term performance of a seaming technique, it is possible to use Practice D6389, using this test method to determine
the anticipated strength reduction in the initial, short term wide-width tensile strength (Test Method D4595) results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units given
in parentheses are provided for information only.values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Apparel Fabrics
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method
D6389 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Adhered bonded seam strength, n— for geotextiles, the maximum shear resistance, measured in kilonewtons per metre,
of the junction formed by adhering together two or more planar structures.
3.1.1 Adheredadhered seam, n—in geotextiles, a seam made by the application of an adhesive.
3.1.2 cross-machine direction—the direction in the plane of the geotextile perpendicular to the direction of manufacture.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 15, 2013Jan. 15, 2014. Published April 2013February 2014. Originallyapproved Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition
approved in 20122013 as D4884 – 12.D4884 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4884-13.10.1520/D4884_D4884M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094,
Attn: NPODS.http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4884/D4884M − 14
3.1.3 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.
3.1.4 linear density, n—mass per unit length; the quotient obtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.
3.1.5 machine direction—the direction in the plane of the geotextile paral
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