71.060.99 - Other inorganic chemicals
ICS 71.060.99 Details
Other inorganic chemicals
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General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 71.060.99 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Other inorganic chemicals". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 15 standards classified under ICS 71.060.99 (Other inorganic chemicals). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is applicable to cementitious mixtures that have not been exposed to external chloride ions, other than the negligible quantity of chloride ion exposure from sample preparation using potable water, prior to the test.
5.2 The calculation procedure described in this test method is applicable only to laboratory test specimens exposed to a sodium chloride solution as described in this test method. This calculation procedure is not applicable to specimens exposed to chloride ions during cyclic wetting and drying.
Note 1: The diffusion of ionic species in concrete occurs within the fluid-filled pores, cracks and void spaces. The concentration and valence of other ionic species in the pore fluid also influence the rate of chloride diffusion, and therefore, the apparent diffusion coefficient as determined by this test procedure.
5.3 In most cases, the value of the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient for cementitious mixtures changes over time (see Note 2). Therefore, apparent diffusion coefficients obtained at early ages may not be representative of performance in service.
Note 2: The rate of change of the apparent diffusion coefficient for cementitious mixtures containing pozzolans or blast-furnace slag is typically different than that for mixtures containing only portland cement.
5.4 The apparent chloride diffusion coefficient is used in Fick's second law of diffusion to estimate chloride penetration into cementitious mixtures that are in a saturated condition.
5.5 The apparent chloride diffusion coefficient is commonly used in chloride ingress models based on Fick's second law of diffusion. The apparent diffusion coefficient determined by this method includes bound chloride, so proper use of the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient to predict chloride ingress requires consideration of chloride binding.
5.6 The resistance to chloride penetration is affected by such factors as the environment, finishing, mixture composition, w...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient for hardened cementitious mixtures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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A test portion is evaporated at ambient temperature and the oil contained in the residue is extracted with carbon tetrachloride. The oil contained in the residue is determined either gravimetrically by evaporation of the organic solvent and weighing of the residue or by spectrometric measurement of the absorbance of the organic phase at a wavelength of approximately 3.42 m. The gravimetric method is applicable to products having an oil content equal to or greater than 10 mg/kg. The infra-red spectrometric method, being more sensitive, is applicable to products having an oil content greater than 1 mg/kg.
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A test portion is evaporated in the presence of ethanediol and the water content of the residue is determined by the Karl Fischer method with direct electrometric measurement. The method is applicable to products having water contents equal to or greater than 50 mg/kg. For water contents greater than 1000 mg/kg it is preferable to dilute the evaporation residue with anhydrous methanol in accordance with ISO 4276 and titrate an aliquot portion of the diluted solution.
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Specifies the apparatus and the procedure to be used. The procedure consists in removal of a sample into stainless steel cylinder, which has previously been cleaned, dried and evacuated and filling of the sampling cylinder with the stipulated quantity that is permissible with regard to safety. The filling shall never exceed 75 % of the capacity of the cylinder at ambient temperature.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General—Hydrogen sulfide is nearly ubiquitous. It occurs naturally in volcanic gases, in sulfur springs and fumaroles, in decaying of plant and animal protein, and in intestines as a result of bacterial action. Hydrogen sulfide is a serious hazard to the health of workers employed in energy production from hydrocarbon or geothermal sources, in the production of fibers and sheets from viscose syrup, in the production of deuterium oxide (heavy water), in tanneries, sewers, sewage treatment and animal waste disposal, in work below ground, on fishing boats, and in chemical operations, including the gas and oil industry.
5.2 In 29 CFR 1910.1000, the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration designates that worker exposure to certain gases and vapors must not be exceeded in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values, averaged over a certain time span. Hydrogen sulfide is included in this list. Refer also to NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard, Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide.
5.3 This practice will provide means for the determination of airborne concentrations of hydrogen sulfide.
5.4 This practice provides means for either personal or area sampling and for short-term or time-weighted average (TWA) measurements. Refer to Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Work Environment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the detection of hydrogen sulfide gas by visual chemical detectors. Included under visual chemical detectors are: short-term detector tubes (1),2 long-term detector tubes (2), and length-of-stain dosimeters (3). Diffusion tubes are not included under this practice because they are not direct reading, and spot tests are not included because of their poor accuracy. The sample results are immediately available by visual observation, thus no analytical equipment is needed.
1.2 This practice reflects the current state-of-the-art for commercially available visual length-of-stain detectors for hydrogen sulfide. Any mention of a specific manufacturer in the text or references does not constitute an endorsement by ASTM.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered the detection of hydrogen sulfide gas by visual chemical detectors. Diffusion tubes were not included under this practice because they are not direct reading, and spot tests were not included because of their poor accuracy.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D22 on Air Quality, this practice was withdrawn in March 2023 and replaced by Practice D4490 on Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Detector Tubes. D4913 was a Practice for using a specific detector tube for hydrogen sulfide, but all pertinent information is available in the generic Practice for using detector tubes, D4490.
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The water present in a sample is tranformed into acetylene by reaction with calcium carbide. The acetylene formed is determined by gas chromatography using an external standard consisting of a standard gas mixture with an inert gas, containing a known amount of acetylene. The method is applicable to products having water contents between 5 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg.
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Applicable to products having a residue of equal to or more than 0.02 % (m/m). For products obtained in modern plants this evaluation is not usually required. Indicates to the risk in handling with this product. Analysis by evaporation, at ambient temperature, of a test portion and weighing of the residue. Titration of the ammonia contained in the residue with standard volumetric sulphuric acid solution in the presence of an indicator. Subtraction of this mass from that of the redidue. A typical apparatus for the test is shown in a figure.
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