ISO 20140-1:2013

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20140-1
First edition
2013-05-01
Automation systems and
integration — Evaluating energy
efficiency and other factors of
manufacturing systems that influence
the environment —
Part 1:
Overview and general principles
Systèmes d’automatisation et intégration — Évaluation de l’efficacité
énergétique et autres facteurs de fabrication des systèmes qui
influencent l’environnement —
Partie 1: Aperçu et principes généraux
Reference number
ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013

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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

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© ISO 2013
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 7
4 Manufacturing system and its environmental influence evaluation .7
4.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life history . 7
4.2 Manufacturing system hierarchical structure .10
4.3 Environmental influence evaluation .11
5 Evaluation method of environmental influence .11
5.1 Methodology of environmental influence evaluation .11
5.2 Unit process of manufacturing process .12
5.3 Environmental influence .14
5.4 Environmental index evaluation.14
6 Evaluation process of environmental influence .15
6.1 Evaluation process of environmental index.15
6.2 Aggregation process of environmental influence .16
6.3 Allocation/charge process of indirect/CRR influence .16
7 Data for environmental influence evaluation .17
7.1 General .17
7.2 Data categories for environmental influence evaluation .17
7.3 Actual data in operation step .18
7.4 Actual data in construction/reconfiguration and retirement step .18
7.5 Reference data .18
7.6 Environmental characteristics data (ECD) .19
7.7 Existing data standards .19
Annex A (informative) Activity model of manufacturing system life history and its
environmental influence .20
Annex B (informative) Responsibility of organization with regard to environmental influence .29
Annex C (informative) Use cases of ISO 20140 .31
Annex D (informative) Input to/output from unit process .33
Annex E (informative) Conformance classes of ISO 20140 .34
Annex F (informative) Structure of ISO 20140 .36
Bibliography .42
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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and automation
applications.
ISO 20140 consists of the following parts, under the general title Automation systems and integration —
Evaluating energy efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment:
— Part 1: Overview and general principles
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 2: Environmental index evaluation process
— Part 3: Environmental influence aggregation process
— Part 4: Allocation/charge process of indirect influence/construction, reconfiguration and retirement
(CRR) influence
— Part 5: Environmental influence evaluation data
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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Introduction
This part of ISO 20140 establishes an overview and general principles of a method for the assessment of
environmental influence of manufacturing systems.
ISO 20140 specifies a method for evaluating the energy efficiency of a manufacturing system and other
factors, e.g. energy consumption, waste and release, etc., that influence the environment. The evaluation
method provides guidelines to analyse the usage of energy by the manufacturing system and the effects
of the manufacturing system on the environment. ISO 20140 systematically evaluates the environmental
influence through analysing the manufacturing activities and the manufacturing system.
ISO 20140 is intended for discrete products/parts manufacturing systems, such as those used in forming,
machining, painting, assembling, testing and other manufacturing processes in the production of aircraft,
automobile, electric appliances, machine tools and their components, and other similar products.
The focused application domain of ISO 20140 is a manufacturing system that consists of the hierarchical
structure built from individual manufacturing equipment, i.e. a work unit, a work centre, an area, and
a factory. ISO 20140 provides evaluation methods for the influence on the environment, resulting from
different manufacturing system configurations and from improvements of production management and
individual manufacturing equipment operations.
The evaluation method and underlying concept of ISO 20140 can also be used as the foundation for the
environmental influence evaluation for continuous processes and/or batch processes.
ISO 20140 can be used for:
— benchmarking of environmental influence with a generic manufacturing system or between
different manufacturing systems for producing the same product,
— alternative studies of environmental influence for improving a current manufacturing process,
reconfiguring a current manufacturing system/equipment, and designing a new manufacturing system,
— setting the top level target of environmental improvement and the breakdown to intermediate
systems, work units and individual manufacturing equipment, and
— improving the shop floor operations by visualizing the actual status of environmental influence.
Expected users of ISO 20140 are:
a) managers for environmental conditions in a factory, site and enterprise;
b) engineers for process planning of products;
c) planners and designers for manufacturing systems; and
d) engineers and foremen that produce products by operating a manufacturing system.
The structure of ISO 20140 and the relationships between parts are outlined in Annex F.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
Automation systems and integration — Evaluating energy
efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that
influence the environment —
Part 1:
Overview and general principles
1 Scope
This part of ISO 20140 establishes an overview and general principles of a method for the assessment of
environmental influence of manufacturing systems.
ISO 20140 specifies for the discrete products/parts manufacturing sectors a common foundation and
methodology for energy efficiency and other factors of environmental influence evaluation, which
enables sector specific methods to be applied in characteristic situations.
ISO 20140 enables an assessment to be made of the environmental influence of manufacturing processes,
which can be used either to seek an overall reduction in negative influence or an increase in positive results.
The evaluation method of ISO 20140 is applicable to the environmental influence of a manufacturing
system which consists of individual manufacturing equipment, and which is configured as a work unit,
a work centre, an area or a factory.
ISO 20140 specifies the requirements for the environmental influence data to be captured from the
individual manufacturing equipment, as the most granular data for aggregating along the manufacturing
system hierarchy.
NOTE The evaluation method and underlying concept of ISO 20140 can be used as the foundation for the
environmental influence evaluation for a continuous process and/or a batch process, in common with a discrete
products/parts manufacturing process.
The following are outside the scope of ISO 20140:
— the environmental influence evaluation methodology of systems outside the manufacturing system
boundaries (e.g. other systems of the same site or other systems of the entire enterprise);
— the environmental influence evaluation methodology to handle the complete product life cycle;
— the method and data for environmental evaluation which are specific to a particular industry sector,
manufacturer, or machinery.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
actual production time
APT
time during a work unit (3.1.46) production, which includes only the value adding functions
1)
Note 1 to entry: Actual production time is described in ISO 22400-2:— , 5.1.3.6.
3.1.2
area
physical, geographical or logical grouping of resource (3.1.39) determined by the site (3.1.41)
EXAMPLE It can contain process cells, production units, production lines, and storage zones.
2)
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:— , 3.1.1]
3.1.3
construction, reconfiguration and retirement influence
CRR influence
environmental influence (3.1.14) of a manufacturing system at its life history steps of construction/
reconfiguration and retirement
3.1.4
direct influence
environmental influence (3.1.14) resulting from actual product production by direct operation (3.1.5) of
manufacturing equipment (3.1.29)
3.1.5
direct operation
mode of manufacturing equipment (3.1.29) which performs value adding functions in actual product
production
3.1.6
energy
electricity, fuels, steam, heat, compressed air, and other like media
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.5, modified — Notes have been deleted.]
3.1.7
energy efficiency
ratio or other quantitative relationship between an output of performance, service, goods or energy
(3.1.6), and an input of energy
EXAMPLE Conversion efficiency; energy required/energy used; output/input; theoretical energy used to
operate/energy used to operate.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.8, modified — Note has been deleted.]
3.1.8
enterprise
one or more organizations sharing a definite mission, goals, and objectives to offer an output such as a
product or service
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.6]
1) To be published.
2) To be published. (Revision of IEC 62264-1:2003)
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3.1.9
environment
surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora,
fauna, humans, and their interrelation
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.5, modified — Note has been deleted.]
3.1.10
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products or services that can interrelate with the
environment (3.1.9)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.6, modified — Note has been deleted.]
3.1.11
environmental characteristics data
ECD
characteristics and/or performance specifications related to environmental aspect (3.1.10), both
acquired by measurement and declared by the equipment suppliers
3.1.12
environmental impact
any change to the environment (3.1.9), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from
an organization’s environmental aspects (3.1.10)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.1.13
environmental index
value that represents environmental efficiency and/or environmental influence related performance or
characteristics
3.1.14
environmental influence
changes to the environment (3.1.9), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from a
manufacturing system’s environmental aspects (3.1.10)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.7, modified — “Environmental impact”, “any change” and “organization”
have been replaced by “environmental influence”, “changes” and “manufacturing system”.]
3.1.15
environmental influence footprint
sum of environmental influence (3.1.14) of a manufacturing system component as a product (3.1.35), used in
the construction and reconfiguration step of a manufacturing system, based on a life cycle assessment (3.1.22)
3.1.16
factory
identified physical, geographical and/or logical component within a site (3.1.41), which is an organization
with resource (3.1.39) for manufacturing products or providing services, and which is controlled by and
reports to a business unit of a manufacturing enterprise (3.1.8)
Note 1 to entry: At least one factory is located within a site.
Note 2 to entry: A factory is the highest entity of a manufacturing system within a site.
3.1.17
indirect influence
environmental influence (3.1.14) resulting from activities that support actual product production by
direct operation (3.1.5) of manufacturing equipment (3.1.29), in indirect mode (3.1.18) of manufacturing
equipment and operation and maintenance of the manufacturing support system (3.1.30)
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3.1.18
indirect mode
mode of manufacturing equipment (3.1.29) to support its direct operation (3.1.5)
EXAMPLE Idle/standby mode and maintenance.
3.1.19
input
material or energy flow that enters a unit process (3.1.42)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.21, modified — “Product” has been removed from definition, and Note has
been deleted.]
3.1.20
life cycle
finite set of generic phases and steps a system may go through over its entire
life history (3.1.28)
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.11, modified — Concept domain has been added.]
3.1.21
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.1, modified — Concept domain has been added.]
3.1.22
life cycle assessment
LCA
compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential
environmental influence (3.1.14) of a manufacturing system throughout its life cycle (3.1.20)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.2, modified — “Environmental impact” and “product system” have been
replaced by “environmental influence” and “manufacturing system”, and concept domain has been added.]
3.1.23
life cycle assessment
LCA
compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts
(3.1.12) of a product system throughout its life cycle (3.1.21)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.2, modified — Concept domain has been added.]
3.1.24
life cycle impact assessment
LCIA
phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.23) aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and
significance of the potential environmental impacts (3.1.12) for a product system throughout the life
cycle (3.1.21) of the product
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.4]
3.1.25
life cycle influence assessment
phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.22) aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and
significance of the potential environmental influence (3.1.14) for a manufacturing system throughout the
life cycle (3.1.20) of the manufacturing system
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.4, modified — “Impact” and “product system” and “product” have been
replaced by “influence” and “manufacturing system”.]
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3.1.26
life cycle inventory analysis
phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.22) involving the compilation and
quantification of inputs and outputs for a manufacturing system throughout its life cycle (3.1.20)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.3, modified — “Product” has been replaced by “manufacturing system”,
and concept domain has been added.]
3.1.27
life cycle inventory analysis
phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.23) involving the compilation and quantification of inputs
and outputs for a product throughout its life cycle (3.1.21)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.3, modified — Concept domain has been added.]
3.1.28
life history
actual sequence of steps a system has gone through during its lifetime
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.12]
3.1.29
manufacturing equipment
equipment which is operated for directly producing a product, in a manufacturing process
3.1.30
manufacturing support system
system which is used for providing the necessary other resource (3.1.32) to a manufacturing system
3.1.31
material
primary or secondary material, or intermediate product, that is used to produce a product
Note 1 to entry: Secondary material includes recycled material.
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, definition 3.15, modified — “Raw material” has been replaced by “material”
as the term, and “intermediate product” has been added to the definition.]
3.1.32
other resource
input (3.1.19) other than the material (3.1.31)
EXAMPLE Energy (3.1.6); coolant and lubricant; air conditioning and lighting.
Note 1 to entry: The term “other resource” is used in order to distinguish it from such resources (3.1.39) of a
manufacturing system as manufacturing equipment (3.1.29) and manufacturing support system (3.1.30).
3.1.33
output
product (3.1.35), material or energy flow that leaves a unit process (3.1.42)
Note 1 to entry: Products and materials include raw materials, intermediate products, co-products and releases.
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.25]
3.1.34
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs (3.1.19) to outputs (3.1.33)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.11]
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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1.35
product
any goods or service
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.9, modified — Notes have been deleted.]
3.1.36
production line
collection of equipment dedicated to the manufacture of a specific number of products or product families
Note 1 to entry: A production line is a type of work centre.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:—, 3.1.32]
3.1.37
release
emissions to air and discharges to water and soil
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.30]
3.1.38
residual CRR influence
CRR influence (3.1.3) of a manufacturing system and its components, which is still residual after offset
through the specific term of CRR influence charge/offset process and/or at the time of retirement
3.1.39
resource
enterprise entity that provides some or all of the capabilities required by the execution of an enterprise
(3.1.8) activity and/or business process
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.18]
3.1.40
reusable material
material (3.1.31) remaining after a manufacturing process which can be reused or recycled
EXAMPLE Chips as removed materials after machining; removed material after die casting.
3.1.41
site
identified physical, geographical, and/or logical component grouping of a manufacturing enterprise (3.1.8)
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:—, 3.1.39]
3.1.42
unit process
most detailed activity element of a process (3.1.34) considered in the environmental influence (3.1.14)
evaluation for which input and output data are quantified
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.34, modified — “Smallest element” and “life cycle inventory analysis” have
been replaced by “most detailed activity element of a process” and “environmental influence evaluation”.]
3.1.43
waste
substances or objects which the holder intends or is required to dispose of
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.35, modified — Note has been deleted.]
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3.1.44
work cell
equipment grouped together to produce a family of parts having similar manufacturing requirements
within a production line
Note 1 to entry: A work cell is a type of work unit.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:—, 3.1.43]
3.1.45
work centre
equipment element under an area (3.1.2) in a role-based equipment hierarchy that performs production,
storage, material movement, or any other Level 3 or Level 4 scheduled activity
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:—, 3.1.44]
3.1.46
work unit
equipment element under a work centre (3.1.45) in a role-based equipment hierarchy that performs
production, storage, material movement, or any other Level 3 or Level 4 scheduled activity
Note 1 to entry: A work unit is the most detailed collection of manufacturing equipment of a manufacturing system
considered in the environmental influence (3.1.14) evaluation for which input and output data are quantified.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:—, 3.1.45, modified — “Note 1 to entry” has been added.]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
APT Actual Production Time
CRR Construction, Reconfiguration and Retirement (of a manufacturing system)
ECD Environmental Characteristics Data
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
4 Manufacturing system and its environmental influence evaluation
4.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life history
4.1.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life cycle
The manufacturing process for producing a product is positioned at the intersection of the product
life cycle, the manufacturing system life cycle and the business process, as illustrated in Figure 1. The
product life cycle and the manufacturing system life cycle have common life cycle stages and phases,
respectively, of design, production, operation and support, and retirement.
The product production at a factory may change depending on the change of product quantity and/or
product mix corresponding to a customer order change, starting a new production of a newly designed
or design changed product, and a manufacturing system configuration change.
The manufacturing system environmental influence at a factory may change depending on the product
production changes, and changes in process plans for producing a product, and the manufacturing
execution control, for improving the environmental influences.
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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Product life cycle
Product
design
Product
Manufacturing
retirement
process
Business Process
Product
Product
Customer Production
operation/
production
order order
support
receive release
enabled
by
Manufacturing
system
operation/
support
Manufacturing
system Manufacturing
production system/
component
retirement
Manufacturing
system
design
Manufacturing system life cycle
Figure 1 — Product life cycle and manufacturing system life cycle
4.1.2 Manufacturing system life history for its environmental influence evaluation
An environmental evaluation of a manufacturing system shall consider the whole life history steps of the
system in addition to its operation step where actual production is executed, as illustrated in Figure 2.
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ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Manufacturing
process & system
Product life cycle
Product
Manufacturing Product
Material
Product operation/
process retirement
support
Enabled  by
Reusable
material
Other resource Manufacturing
& energy
for         equipment
direct operation direct operation
Waste &
release
e.g.
energy,
coolant,
lubricant
Manufacturing
Manufacturing system
...