ISO 15836:2003

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15836
First edition
2003-11-15

Information and documentation — The
Dublin Core metadata element set
Information et documentation — L'ensemble des éléments de
métadonnées Dublin Core



Reference number
ISO 15836:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

ISO 15836:2003(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

ISO 15836:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15836 was prepared by the National Information Standards Organization (as ANSI/NISO
Z39.85-2001) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46,
Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability in parallel with its approval by
the ISO member bodies.

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

ISO 15836:2003(E)
Introduction
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) began in 1995 with an invitational workshop in Dublin, Ohio that
brought together librarians, digital library researchers, content providers, and text-markup experts to improve
discovery standards for information resources. The original Dublin Core emerged as a small set of descriptors
that quickly drew global interest from a wide variety of information providers in the arts, sciences, education,
business, and government sectors.
Since the original workshop, there has been steadily growing interest in resource descriptions that are easy to
create and that almost anyone can understand. The potential to increase visibility of resources in a collection
across sectors and subject domains, and to do so at low cost, is broadly appealing. Services needing
semantically rich descriptions would continue to provide them, but would attract cross-disciplinary discovery
by also providing universally understandable descriptions that are common across disciplines. The digital
tourist metaphor is apt. Internet travellers seeking information in foreign disciplines can use the Dublin Core’s
constrained vocabulary to obtain basic guidance in a language that they understand. Full accessibility to the
culture and its services still requires mastery of the local vocabulary and environment, but a set of simple facts
inscribed in Dublin Core can bring to the tourist’s attention a foreign information portal that might otherwise
have escaped notice.
The interest in cross-domain discovery fueled growing participation in a series of subsequent DCMI
workshops. The Dublin Core Metadata element set described here is a set of 15 descriptors that resulted from
this effort in interdisciplinary and international consensus building. The Dublin Core now exists in over 20
translations, has been adopted by CEN/ISSS (European Committee for Standardization/Information Society
Standardization System), and is documented in two Internet RFCs (Requests for Comments). It also has
official standing within the WWW Consortium and ISO 23950. Dublin Core metadata has been approved as a
US National Standard (ANSI/NISO Z39.85), formally endorsed by over seven governments for promoting
discovery of government information in electronic form, and adopted by a number of supranational agencies,
such as the World Health Organization (WHO). Numerous community-specific metadata initiatives in library,
archival, educational and governmental applications use the Dublin Core as their basis.
The Dublin Core is not intended to displace any other metadata standard. Rather, it is intended to coexist,
often in the same resource description, with metadata standards that offer other semantics. It is fully expected
that descriptive records will contain a mixture of elements drawn from various metadata standards, both
simple and complex. Examples of this kind of mixing, and of HTML encoding of Dublin Core in general, are
given in RFC 2731 [RFC2731].
The simplicity of Dublin Core can be both a strength and a weakness. Simplicity lowers the cost of creating
metadata and promotes interoperability. On the other hand, simplicity does not accommodate the semantic
and functional richness supported by complex metadata schemes. In effect, the Dublin Core element set
trades richness for wide visibility. The design of Dublin Core mitigates this loss by encouraging the use of
richer metadata schemes in combination with Dublin Core. Richer schemes can also be mapped to Dublin
Core for export or for cross-system searching. Conversely, simple Dublin Core records can be used as a
starting point for the creation of more complex descriptions.


iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

ISO 15836:2003(E)
The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set
1. Scope and Purpose
The Dublin Core metadata element set is a standard for cross-domain information
resource description. Here an information resource is defined to be anything that has
identity; this is the definition used in Internet RFC 2396, “Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URI): Generic Syntax,” by Tim Berners-Lee et al. For Dublin Core applications a
resource will typically be an electronic document.
This standard is for the element set only, which is generally used in the context of a
specific project or application. Local or community based requirements and policies may
impose additional restrictions, rules, and interpretations. It is not the purpose of this
standard to define the detailed criteria by which the element set will be used with
specific projects and applications.
This standard supersedes Internet RFC 2413, which was the first published version of
the Dublin Core.
2. Referenced Standards
[DCT] DCMI Type Vocabulary. DSMI Recommendation, 11 July 2000.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/
[ISO3166] ISO 3166 - Codes for the representation of names of countries and their
subdivisions
http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/index.html
[ISO639] ISO 639-2 - Codes for the representation of names of languages - Part 2:
Alpha-3 code
(ISO 639-2:1998). http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
[MIME] Internet Media Types
http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/media-types
[RFC3066] Tags for the identification of Languages, Internet
RFC 3066. http:/www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt
[RFC2396] Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, Internet RFC 2396.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt
[RFC2413] Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery, Internet RFC 2413.

...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 15836:2005
01-november-2005
Informatika in dokumentacija – Nabor metapodatkovnih elementov Dublin Core
Information and documentation - The Dublin Core metadata element set
Information et documentation - L'ensemble des éléments de métadonnées Dublin Core
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 15836:2003
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
SIST ISO 15836:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 15836:2005

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 15836:2005


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15836
First edition
2003-11-15

Information and documentation — The
Dublin Core metadata element set
Information et documentation — L'ensemble des éléments de
métadonnées Dublin Core



Reference number
ISO 15836:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 15836:2005
ISO 15836:2003(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 15836:2005
ISO 15836:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15836 was prepared by the National Information Standards Organization (as ANSI/NISO
Z39.85-2001) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46,
Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability in parallel with its approval by
the ISO member bodies.

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ISO 15836:2005
ISO 15836:2003(E)
Introduction
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) began in 1995 with an invitational workshop in Dublin, Ohio that
brought together librarians, digital library researchers, content providers, and text-markup experts to improve
discovery standards for information resources. The original Dublin Core emerged as a small set of descriptors
that quickly drew global interest from a wide variety of information providers in the arts, sciences, education,
business, and government sectors.
Since the original workshop, there has been steadily growing interest in resource descriptions that are easy to
create and that almost anyone can understand. The potential to increase visibility of resources in a collection
across sectors and subject domains, and to do so at low cost, is broadly appealing. Services needing
semantically rich descriptions would continue to provide them, but would attract cross-disciplinary discovery
by also providing universally understandable descriptions that are common across disciplines. The digital
tourist metaphor is apt. Internet travellers seeking information in foreign disciplines can use the Dublin Core’s
constrained vocabulary to obtain basic guidance in a language that they understand. Full accessibility to the
culture and its services still requires mastery of the local vocabulary and environment, but a set of simple facts
inscribed in Dublin Core can bring to the tourist’s attention a foreign information portal that might otherwise
have escaped notice.
The interest in cross-domain discovery fueled growing participation in a series of subsequent DCMI
workshops. The Dublin Core Metadata element set described here is a set of 15 descriptors that resulted from
this effort in interdisciplinary and international consensus building. The Dublin Core now exists in over 20
translations, has been adopted by CEN/ISSS (European Committee for Standardization/Information Society
Standardization System), and is documented in two Internet RFCs (Requests for Comments). It also has
official standing within the WWW Consortium and ISO 23950. Dublin Core metadata has been approved as a
US National Standard (ANSI/NISO Z39.85), formally endorsed by over seven governments for promoting
discovery of government information in electronic form, and adopted by a number of supranational agencies,
such as the World Health Organization (WHO). Numerous community-specific metadata initiatives in library,
archival, educational and governmental applications use the Dublin Core as their basis.
The Dublin Core is not intended to displace any other metadata standard. Rather, it is intended to coexist,
often in the same resource description, with metadata standards that offer other semantics. It is fully expected
that descriptive records will contain a mixture of elements drawn from various metadata standards, both
simple and complex. Examples of this kind of mixing, and of HTML encoding of Dublin Core in general, are
given in RFC 2731 [RFC2731].
The simplicity of Dublin Core can be both a strength and a weakness. Simplicity lowers the cost of creating
metadata and promotes interoperability. On the other hand, simplicity does not accommodate the semantic
and functional richness supported by complex metadata schemes. In effect, the Dublin Core element set
trades richness for wide visibility. The design of Dublin Core mitigates this loss by encouraging the use of
richer metadata schemes in combination with Dublin Core. Richer schemes can also be mapped to Dublin
Core for export or for cross-system searching. Conversely, simple Dublin Core records can be used as a
starting point for the creation of more complex descriptions.


iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST ISO 15836:2005
ISO 15836:2003(E)
The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set
1. Scope and Purpose
The Dublin Core metadata element set is a standard for cross-domain information
resource description. Here an information resource is defined to be anything that has
identity; this is the definition used in Internet RFC 2396, “Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URI): Generic Syntax,” by Tim Berners-Lee et al. For Dublin Core applications a
resource will typically be an electronic document.
This standard is for the element set only, which is generally used in the context of a
specific project or application. Local or community based requirements and policies may
impose additional restrictions, rules, and interpretations. It is not the purpose of this
standard to define the detailed criteria by which the element set will be used with
specific projects and applications.
This standard supersedes Internet RFC 2413, which was the first published version of
the Dublin Core.
2. Referenced Standards
[DCT] DCMI Type Vocabulary. DSMI Recommendation, 11 July 2000.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/
[ISO3166] ISO 3166 - Codes for the representation of names of countries and their
subdivisions
http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/index.html
[ISO639] ISO 639-2 - Codes for the representation of names of languages - Part 2:
Alpha-3 code
(ISO 639-2:1998). http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
[
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 15836
Première édition
2003-11-15


Information et documentation —
L'ensemble des éléments de
métadonnées Dublin Core
Information and documentation — The Dublin Core metadata element
set



Numéro de référence
ISO 15836:2003(F)
©
ISO 2003

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 15836:2003(F)
PDF – Exonération de responsabilité
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veuillez en informer le Secrétariat central à l'adresse donnée ci-dessous.


©  ISO 2003
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax. + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse

ii © ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 15836:2003(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 15836 a été élaborée par la «National Information Standards Organization» (en tant que ANSI/NISO
Z39.85-2001) et a été adoptée, selon une procédure spéciale par «voie express», par le comité technique
ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation, sous-comité SC 4, Interopérabilité technique, parallèlement à son
approbation par les comités membres de l’ISO.
© ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 15836:2003(F)
Introduction
L’initiative Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) commença en 1995 par un atelier à Dublin, Ohio,
États-Unis, qui réunit bibliothécaires, spécialistes des bibliothèques numériques, fournisseurs de contenus et
experts en document structuré afin d’améliorer les standards de recherche d’information. Il en sortit le Dublin
Core originel («le noyau de Dublin»), un court ensemble de descripteurs qui attira très vite l’attention d’une
grande variété de fournisseurs d’information dans les secteurs des arts, des sciences, de l’éducation, des
affaires et de l'administration.
Depuis lors, l’intérêt croissant pour des descriptions de ressources faciles à créer, et compréhensibles par le
plus grand nombre, ne s'est pas démenti. Le fait de pouvoir accroître la visibilité des ressources au sein d'une
collection virtuelle transsectorielle et transdisciplinaire, et ce à moindre coût, est des plus attractifs. Les
services qui ont besoin de descriptions sémantiquement riches continueront de les fournir, mais ils
permettront des recherches transdisciplinaires en fournissant aussi des descriptions universellement
compréhensibles, communes aux différentes disciplines. La métaphore du «touriste du numérique» est
appropriée: les internautes qui recherchent de l’information dans des disciplines qui leur sont étrangères
peuvent utiliser le vocabulaire restreint du Dublin Core pour disposer d'un guide sommaire dans un langage
qu’ils comprennent. L'accès complet à une communauté et à ses services impose, certes, de maîtriser le
vocabulaire spécialisé et le contexte, mais un ensemble de faits simples rédigés en Dublin Core peut faire
remarquer au “touriste” un portail d'information étranger qui aurait pu autrement échapper à son attention.
L’intérêt pour la recherche multidisciplinaire a nourri la participation croissante à la série des ateliers du DCMI
qui ont suivi. Les éléments de métadonnées Dublin Core décrits ici forment un ensemble de 15 descripteurs,
résultat de cet effort pour arriver à un consensus interdisciplinaire et international. Aujourd'hui, il existe une
vingtaine de traductions du Dublin Core, qui a été adopté par le CEN/ISSS (Comité européen de
normalisation/Information Society Standardization System) et il est décrit dans deux Internet RFC (Requests
for comments/demandes de commentaires). Il a également un statut officiel au sein du WWW Consortium et
de l’ISO 23950. Les États-Unis ont approuvé les métadonnées Dublin Core comme norme nationale
(ANSI/NISO Z39.85), plus de sept autres gouvernements les ont officiellement adoptées, afin de faciliter la
recherche des données publiques sous forme électronique; elles ont été adoptées par bon nombre
d'organisations intergouvernementales telles que l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS). De nombreuses
communautés (bibliothèques, archives en ligne, éducation, administration) qui développent leurs propres
métadonnées utilisent le Dublin Core à la base de leurs applications.
Le Dublin Core ne vise pas à supplanter quelque autre norme de métadonnées que ce soit. Le Dublin Core
est plutôt destiné à coexister, souvent dans la même description de ressource, avec des normes de
métadonnées qui offrent d’autres sémantiques. Il est tout à fait possible que des notices descriptives
contiennent un mélange d’éléments tirés de diverses normes de métadonnées, les unes simples et les autres
complexes. Des exemples de ces mélanges, et plus généralement de l'encodage du Dublin Core en HTML,
sont donnés dans l’Internet RFC 2731 [RFC2731].
La simplicité du Dublin Core peut être à la fois une force et une faiblesse. Sa simplicité permet de baisser les
coûts de création de métadonnées et promeut l’interopérabilité. D’un autre côté sa simplicité ne s'accommode
pas de la richesse sémantique et fonctionnelle portée par des modèles complexes de métadonnées. En fait,
l'ensemble d'éléments de métadonnées Dublin Core échange la richesse contre une large visibilité. La
conception du Dublin Core compense cette perte en encourageant l’utilisation de modèles de métadonnées
plus riches en combinaison avec le Dublin Core. On peut également établir des correspondances entre les
modèles plus riches et le Dublin Core pour l'export ou pour la recherche inter-systèmes. Et, réciproquement,
on peut utiliser les notices simples du Dublin Core comme point de départ pour la création de descriptions
plus complexes.

iv © ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 15836:2003(F)

Information et documentation — L'ensemble des éléments de
métadonnées Dublin Core
1 Domaine d'application
L’ensemble des éléments de métadonnées Dublin Core est une norme de description interdisciplinaire de
ressources. Dans la présente norme, « ressource » est définie comme tout ce qui a une identité : c’est la
définition qui est utilisée dans l’Internet RFC 2396, « Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) : Generic Syntax »,
par Tim Berners-Lee et al. Pour les applications du Dublin Core une ressource est généralement un document
électronique.
Cette norme porte sur l’ensemble des éléments, lequel est généralement utilisé dans le contexte d’un projet
ou d’une application spécifiques. Des politiques, des besoins locaux ou l’usage d’une communauté peuvent
imposer des restrictions, des règles et des interprétations supplémentaires. Ce n’est pas l’objet de cette
norme de définir selon quels critères détaillés l’ensemble d’éléments sera utilisé au sein de projets ou
d’applications spécifiques. La présente norme fait suite à l’Internet RFC 2413, première version publiée du
Dublin Core.
2 Références normatives
DCMI Type vocabulary. DCMI recommendation, 11 July 2000.
[DCT]
ISO 3166 – Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
[ISO3166]
ISO 639-2 – Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code.
[ISO639]
Internet media types.
[MIME]
Tags for the identification of languages, Internet RFC 3066.
[RFC3066]
Uniform resource identifiers (URI) : generic syntax, Internet RFC 2396.
[RFC2396]
Dublin Core metadata for resource discovery. Internet RFC 2413.
[RFC2413]
© ISO 20
...