ISO 5003:2016

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5003
Second edition
2016-03-01
Flat bottom (Vignole) railway rails
43 kg/m and above
Rails Vignole de masse supérieure ou égale à 43 kg/m
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser. 2
5 Test methods . 3
5.1 Test items, testing frequency and test methods . 3
5.2 Chemical composition . 3
5.3 Hydrogen content . 4
5.4 Total oxygen content . 4
5.5 Tensile test . 4
5.6 Hardness . 4
5.6.1 General requirements . 4
5.6.2 Surface hardness . 4
5.6.3 Internal hardness . 5
5.7 Microstructure . 5
5.8 Decarburization . 5
5.9 Non-metallic inclusions . 5
5.9.1 General requirements . 5
5.9.2 Testing methods . 5
5.10 Macrostructure . 5
5.11 Ultrasonic test . 6
5.11.1 Testing area . 6
5.11.2 Sensitivity requirements . 6
5.11.3 Calibration rails. 6
5.12 Residual stress . . 6
5.12.1 Test sample rail . 6
5.12.2 Test pieces . 6
5.12.3 Test method . 6
5.13 Fracture toughness (K ) . 6
Ic
5.13.1 Test sample . 6
5.13.2 Test pieces test method . 7
5.14 Fatigue crack growth rate . 7
5.14.1 Test sample rail . 7
5.14.2 Test pieces . 7
5.14.3 Test method . 7
5.14.4 Number of tests and test conditions . 7
5.15 Fatigue test . 7
5.15.1 Test sample rail . 7
5.15.2 Test pieces . 8
5.15.3 Test method . 8
5.15.4 Number of tests and test conditions . 8
5.16 Variation of centre line running surface hardness of heat-treated rails . 8
6 Tolerances for dimension, shape, length and weight . 8
6.1 Dimension, shape and length tolerance . 8
6.2 Straightness, surface flatness and twist . 8
6.3 Weight . 9
7 Technical requirements .14
7.1 Manufacturing methods .14
7.2 Chemical composition .14
7.3 Mechanical properties .16
7.4 Microstructure .17
7.5 Decarburization .17
7.6 Non-metallic inclusions .18
7.7 Macrostructure .18
7.8 Ultrasonic test .18
7.9 Surface quality .18
7.10 Residual stress . .19
7.11 Fracture toughness .19
7.12 Fatigue crack growth rate .20
7.13 Fatigue test .20
8 Inspection requirements .20
8.1 Inspection and acceptance.20
8.2 Retest and justification .20
9 Identification .21
9.1 Branding .21
9.2 Hot stamping .21
9.3 Cold stamping .21
9.4 Other identification .21
10 Certification .22
11 Quality assurance system .22
Annex A (normative) Steel grades .33
Annex B (normative) Method for determination of tensile strength and elongation for as-
rolled rails by a correlation .35
Annex C (normative) Microscopic examination of rail steels using standard diagrams to
assess the content of non-metallic inclusions .37
Annex D (informative) Rail profile .42
Annex E (normative) Method for the determination of rail foot surface longitudinal
residual stresses .43
Annex F (normative) Standard test method for the determination of the plane strain
fracture toughness (K ) of rails . . .46
Ic
Annex G (normative) Profile and drilling gauges .51
Annex H (normative) Standard diagrams for the check of the macrostructure of rails in
accordance with ISO 4969 .63
Annex I (normative) Limiting sulfur prints .79
Bibliography .93
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 15, Railway rails, rail
fasteners, wheels and wheelsets.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5003:1980), which has been
technically revised.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5003:2016(E)
Flat bottom (Vignole) railway rails 43kg/m and above
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the terms and definitions, information to be supplied by the
purchaser, tolerances for dimensions, length, technical requirements, inspection rules, identification,
certification, and a quality assurance system for as-rolled and heat-treated steel rails for railways.
This International Standard specifies flat bottom (vignole) railway rails with linear mass of 43 kg/m
and above, for conventional and high-speed railway track usage.
There are 19 pearlitic steel grades specified, covering a 200 HBW to 400 HBW hardness range and
including “non-heat-treated” carbon manganese steels, “non-heat-treated” alloy steels, “heat-treated”
carbon manganese, and “heat-treated” low alloy steels.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1099, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Axial force-controlled method
ISO 3887, Steels — Determination of depth of decarburization
ISO 4967, Steel — Determination of content of non-metallic inclusions — Micrographic method using
standard diagrams
ISO 4968:1979, Steel — Macrographic examination by sulfur print (Baumann method)
ISO 4969:2015, Steel — Etching method for macroscopic examination
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 12108, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Fatigue crack growth method
ASTM E45, Standard test methods for determining the inclusion content of steel
ASTM E399, Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Klc of Metallic
Materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
heat
liquid steel melt tapped out of a converter or electric arc furnace which includes, after continuous
casting, a given number of blooms relating to the weight of the heat and the extension of the mixing zone
Note 1 to entry: In the case of sequence casting, the blooms belonging to the mixing zone should be clearly defined.
3.2
sequence
any number of heats, of the same steel grade, which undergo continuous casting in tundishes
Note 1 to entry: Tundishes can be used in parallel, if the caster has many strands.
3.3
heat-treated rail
rail that has undergone accelerated cooling from austenitizing temperature during the metallurgical
transformation period
3.4
off-line heat-treated rail
all rolled rail that has undergone re-austenitization for heat treatment purposes
3.5
online heat-treated rail
heat-treated rail that has not undergone re-austenitization after rolling
3.6
rolling process
process between the blooms leaving the heating furnace and exiting the finishing pass
3.7
isothermal treatment process
process whereby blooms are held for a period of time at an elevated temperature for reducing the
hydrogen content
Note 1 to entry: For maximum efficiency, this is as near to (but below) the pearlite to austenite transformation
temperature as is practically possible.
Note 2 to entry: This process is sometimes referred to as “sub-critical” diffusion annealing.
3.8
rail running surface
curved surface of the rail head
Note 1 to entry: It may also refer to any area between both gauge corners (transition points of the head inclination
and the first head radius).
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
The purchaser shall provide the supplier with the following information at the time of enquiry or order:
a) the rail profile (by submitting a drawing) and the profile tolerances as defined for the dimensions
listed in Table 3;
b) the steel grade (see 7.2 and Annex A);
c) the straightness class “A” or “B” of rail (see Table 5);
d) the non-metallic inclusion determination method and if applicable: the class “1” or “2” of rail
(see Table 13);
e) the determination of the macrostructure (see 5.10);
f) the lengths of rail (see Table 4 and 6.3);
g) undrilled or drilled rail ends to take fish bolts, and location and dimensions of holes when required
(see Table 4);
h) paint code requirements (see 9.4.4).
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

5 Test methods
5.1 Test items, testing frequency and test methods
Test items, sampling position, sampling numbers and test methods shall be as given in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 — Testing frequency for acceptance testing
Relevant
Test items As-rolled rails Heat-treated rails
subclause
Chemical
One per heat One per heat 5.2
composition
One per heat
One per heat
Hydrogen (two tests from first heat in 5.3
(two tests from first heat in sequence)
sequence)
a a
Total oxygen One per sequence One per sequence 5.4
a,b,d a,c
Tensile One per heat One per heat 5.5
a,b a,c
Hardness One per heat One per heat 5.6
Not required for grades HR200, HR220,
HR235 and HR260A.
One per 100 tons of
Microstructure 5.7
One per 1 000 tons or part thereof for grades
a,c
heat-treated rail
HR260B,HR280,HR310A,
a,b
HR310B,HR320,HR325
One per 500 tons or part
a,b
Decarburization One per 1 000 tons or part thereof 5.8
a,c
thereof
Non-metallic inclu-
b b or c
One per sequence One per sequence 5.9
sions
One per 500 tons or part
a,b
Macrostructure One per 500 tons or part thereof 5.10
a,b or c
thereof
Dimension Whole length Whole length 6.1
Straightness Whole length Whole length 6.2
Surface quality Whole length Whole length 7.9
Ultrasonic test Whole length Whole length 5.11
a
Samples shall be taken at random. When different rail grades are casted in the same sequence, the samples shall be
taken outside the mixing zone.
b
Samples shall be cut after rolling.
c
Samples shall be cut after heat-treating for heat-treated rails.
d
One calculation per heat and one testing per 2 000 tons if agreed between purchaser and manufacturer
Table 2 — Testing frequency for periodic tests
Test items As-rolled rails and Heat-treated rails Relevant subclause
Residual stress 5.12
Tests shall be done for all grades at least once every
5 years or after any relevant change in the produc-
Fracture toughness (K ) 5.13
Ic
tion process. The manufacturer shall only carry out
Fatigue crack growth rate 5.14
testing on a 60 kg/m profile or the heaviest section
produced.
Fatigue test 5.15
Longitudinal hardness test Heat-treated rails 5.16
5.2 Chemical composition
The chemical composition shall be determined on the liquid.
When the solid chemical composition is to be checked as a requirement of the purchaser, this shall be
carried out at the position of the tensile test piece shown in Figure 1.
5.3 Hydrogen content
The hydrogen content of the liquid steel shall be measured by determining the pressure of hydrogen
in the steel using an online immersion probe system or the method agreed between the purchaser and
manufacturer.
At least two liquid samples shall be taken from the first heat of any sequence using a new tundish and
one from each of the remaining heats and analysed for hydrogen content (see Table 1). The first sample
from the first heat in a sequence shall be taken from the tundish at the time of the maximum hydrogen
concentration.
When testing of rails is required rail samples shall be taken at the hot saw at a frequency of one per heat
at random. However on the first heat in a sequence, the rail sample shall be from the last part of a first
bloom teemed on any strand. Hydrogen determination shall be carried out on samples taken from the
centre of the rail head, and determined by automatic machine.
5.4 Total oxygen content
The total oxygen content can be determined in the liquid or solid.
If the total oxygen content is determined from the solid rail head, the testing positions are shown in
Figure 2.
5.5 Tensile test
Test samples shall be taken from the rail head as shown in Figure 1.
The tensile properties shall be determined in accordance with ISO 6892-1 by using a round tensile test
piece with the dimensions as follows:
— diameter 10 mm;
— gauge length 50 mm.
In the case of dispute, the tensile test pieces shall be maintained at a temperature of 200 °C for 6 h
before testing.
For as-rolled rails, the tensile strength and elongation may be determined as agreed between the
purchaser and manufacturer by a correlation to the chemical composition based on the statistical data
analysis. The method to be applied is shown in Annex B.
5.6 Hardness
5.6.1 General requirements
Brinell hardness tests (HBW) shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 6506-1. The method used is at
the discretion of the manufacturer.
In case of dispute, the test shall be done using HBW 2,5/187,5.
5.6.2 Surface hardness
The surface hardness shall be tested at position RS as shown in Figure 3.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

The surface hardness shall be tested on the centre line of the rail head crown. 0,5 mm shall be removed
from the running surface before a hardness impression is made. Surface quality must be according
with ISO 6506-1.
5.6.3 Internal hardness
For heat-treated rails, the internal hardness shall be tested in accordance with ISO 6506-1 at the testing
positions shown in Figure 3.
The internal hardness of heat-treated rails of any steel grade shall be determined on a transverse
specimen cut from the end of the rail. The specimen shall be ground or milled so that the transverse
surfaces are parallel.
5.7 Microstructure
The microstructure testing position in the rail head shall be as shown in Figure 1, and shall be
determined at a magnification of 500x.
5.8 Decarburization
Decarburization depth shall be assessed by means of a hardness test using HBW 2,5/187,5 indentation.
The test shall be performed at three points in the centre of the rail crown after minimal preparation of
the rail head surface (less than 0,2 mm material removed). None of the hardness test results shall be more
than 7 points lower than the minimum hardness of the specified grade (e.g. 253 HBW for 260 grade rail).
As an alternative or in the case of dispute decarburization depth shall be measured metallographically.
The testing position in the surface of the rail head shall be as shown in Figure 4. The test shall measure
the depth of closed ferrite network in accordance with ISO 3887. Photomicrographs showing examples
of how to determine the depth of decarburization are shown in Figure 5.
5.9 Non-metallic inclusions
5.9.1 General requirements
Samples shall be taken from one of the last blooms of the last heat of the sequence. From each sample,
two specimens shall be tested.
The non-metallic inclusions testing position in the rail head is shown in Figure 6.
5.9.2 Testing methods
The test shall comply with the method shown in Annex C.
If agreed between purchaser and manufacturer [see Clause 4 d)], alternative methods may be used,
such as:
— ISO 4967:2013, Method A;
— ASTM E45, Method A.
5.10 Macrostructure
Macrostructure of transverse rail sections shall be tested in accordance with ISO 4969 or ISO 4968, as
agreed between purchaser and manufacturer [information given by the purchaser in Clause 4 e)].
5.11 Ultrasonic test
5.11.1 Testing area
The minimum cross-sectional area examined by the ultrasonic technique shall be
— at least 70 % of the head,
— at least 60 % of the web, and
— the area of the foot to be tested shall be as shown in Figure 7.
By convention, these areas are based on projecting the nominal crystal size of the probe. The head shall
be tested from both sides and from the running surface.
5.11.2 Sensitivity requirements
The sensitivity levels of the automated equipment used shall be a minimum of 4 dB greater than the
level required to detect the reference reflectors described in 5.11.3. A rail giving an echo referring
to a possible defect shall be separated by means of an automatic trigger/alarm level combined with a
marking and/or sorting system. For possible retesting, the test sensitivity shall be increased to 6 dB,
instead of 4 dB.
The system shall incorporate continuous monitoring of interface signals and, if present, backwall
echo signals.
5.11.3 Calibration rails
There shall be a calibration rail for each profile to be tested ultrasonically. The positions of the artificial
defects are given for the rail head, web and foot of the 60E1 profile (see Annex D) in Figures 8, 9 and 10
respectively. Calibration rails for other profiles with calibration defects similar to those in accordance
with Figures 8, 9 and 10 for 60E1 shall be available.
Other methods of calibration may be used but these methods shall be equivalent to that described above.
5.12 Residual stress
5.12.1 Test sample rail
The manufacturer shall only carry out testing on a 60 kg/m profile or the heaviest section produced.
For residual stress tests there shall be six sample rails, which shall be taken from finished roller
straightened rails, and test pieces shall be taken from the full roller straightened part of the rail.
5.12.2 Test pieces
Each of the six test pieces from the rail section shall be 1 000 mm in length.
5.12.3 Test method
The residual stresses in the rail foot shall be determined in accordance with Annex E.
5.13 Fracture toughness (K )
Ic
5.13.1 Test sample
The rails used for this test shall be of the same profile as used for 5.12.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Three rail test pieces shall be taken from the full roller straightened part of rails from three different
heats and different strands.
From each of the three rail test pieces, a minimum of five samples shall be produced.
These samples shall not be subject to any further mechanical or thermal treatment.
5.13.2 Test pieces test method
Fracture toughness test shall be performed in accordance with Annex F.
5.14 Fatigue crack growth rate
5.14.1 Test sample rail
The rails used for this test shall be of the same profile as used for 5.12.
Three rail test pieces shall be taken from the full roller straightened part of rails from three different
heats and different strands.
From each of the three rail test pieces, a minimum of three samples shall be produced.
These samples shall not be subject to any further mechanical or thermal treatment.
5.14.2 Test pieces
A three point bend, single edge notch test piece, of the dimensions and location within the rail shown in
Figure 11 shall be used.
5.14.3 Test method
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the general requirements of ISO 12108.
5.14.4 Number of tests and test conditions
A minimum of three tests from each sample rail shall be performed under the following conditions:
— test temperature shall be within +15 °C to +25 °C;
— R = 0,5 (R = minimum cyclic load/maximum cyclic load);
— 3-point bend test piece loading span shall be 4 W (see Figure 11);
— cyclic loading frequency shall be within 15 Hz to 40 Hz;
— laboratory environment.
5.15 Fatigue test
5.15.1 Test sample rail
The rails used for this test shall be of the same profile as used for 5.12.
Three rail test pieces shall be taken from the full roller straightened part of rails from three different
heats and different strands.
From each of the three rail test pieces, a minimum of three samples shall be produced.
These samples shall not be subject to any further mechanical or thermal treatment.
5.15.2 Test pieces
The test pieces shall be machined from the sample rail as shown in Figure 12.
5.15.3 Test method
Constant amplitude fatigue tests shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 1099.
5.15.4 Number of tests and test conditions
A minimum of three test pieces shall be tested from each sample rail under the following conditions:
— test temperature shall be within +15 °C to +25 °C;
— control variable shall be axial strain amplitude;
— strain cycle shall be symmetrical about the initial, zero load.
5.16 Variation of centre line running surface hardness of heat-treated rails
This subclause only applies to heat-treated rails.
For the longest length of rail produced by the manufacturer, a one metre length of rail shall be taken
from each end and at 20 m intervals from one end of the rail. These shall be hardness tested (HBW)
in accordance with ISO 6506-1 along their length at 25 mm intervals on the centreline of the running
surface after 0,5 mm has been ground away. The hardness results shall be no more than ±15 HBW from
the mean result obtained.
6 Tolerances for dimension, shape, length and weight
6.1 Dimension, shape and length tolerance
The dimensions of the profile, which shall have certain tolerances, are given in Table 3. The reference
points of the profile and gauge drawings are given in Annex G.
NOTE The tolerances shown in Table 3 in columns “X” and “Y” are informative for the 60E1 rail profile. For
other profiles, the values for tolerances shall be given according to Clause 4 a).
The cut length and shorten length of rails shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer
[see Clause 4 f)]. The tolerances for cutting, drilling and length shall be as given in Table 4. The chamfer
angle of drilled holes shall be 45° and 0,8 mm to 2,0 mm in depth.
6.2 Straightness, surface flatness and twist
Flatness testing of the body shall be performed automatically.
Tolerances for straightness, surface flatness and twist shall meet the requirements given in Table 3.
Unless otherwise agreed, rails <54 kg/m are delivered with class B tolerances.
If the rail shows evidence of twist, this shall be checked in accordance with Figure 13 by inserting feeler
gauges between the base of the rail and the rail skid nearest the rail end with the rail being laid head up
on an inspection bed. If the gap exceeds 2,5 mm the rail shall be rejected.
Rotational twist in the end metre of the rail, as measured by the gauge illustrated in Figure 14, shall
not exceed 0,2°.
Rejected rails may be subject to only one roller re-straightening.
In cases of dispute on the results of the automatic technique, rail flatness shall be verified using a
straight edge as shown in Table 5.
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

6.3 Weight
Rails shall be delivered in theoretical weight. The density of 7,85 g/cm shall be applied to calculate the
rail theoretical weight.
Table 3 — Tolerances for profile dimension
Profile class
60E1 rail profile (Annex D)
*Reference points
Gauge, figure
(dimensions in millimetres, informative,
(see Figure D.1)
number
the tolerances listed here shall be applied
(see Annex G)
only for 60E1 rail profile)
Location/property Symbol X Y
Height of rail *H ±0,6 ±0,8 Figure G.3
Width of rail head *WH ±0,5 ±0,5 Figure G.4
Crown profile
+0,6 +0,6
–  Class A straightness *C Figure G.5
−0,3 −0,3
–  Class B straightness ±0,6 ±0,6
Figure G.6 and
Rail asymmetry *AS ±1,2 ±1,5
Figure G.7
Height of fishing *HF ±0,6 ±0,6 Figure G.8
+1,0 +1,0
Web thickness *WT Figure G.9
−0,5 −0,5
+1,5
Width of rail foot *WF ±1,0 Figure G.10
−1,0
+0,75 +0,75
Foot toe thickness *TF Figure G.11
−0,5 −0,5
Foot base concavity ≤0,3 ≤0,3
Table 4 — Tolerances for cutting, drilling and length
Profile class
dimensions in millimetres
Gauge, figure
(the tolerances listed here shall be applied only for
number
60E1 rail profile)
(see Annex G)
X Y
0,6 mm in any direction 0,8 mm in any direction
0,8
0,6
0,8
0,6
Squareness of ends
0,8
0,6
0,6 0,8
Diameter ±0,7 ±0,8 Figure G.12
Position The horizontal position of the holes is checked using a
gauge as shown in Figure G.12 which has a stop
Centring and positioning
designed to come into contact with the end of the rail
of the holes vertically and
and pins designed to enter the holes.
horizontally
The diameter of the pins for horizontal and vertical
clearances is smaller than the diameter of the holes by:
—  1,0 mm for holes ≤30 mm in diameter;
—  1,4 mm for holes >30 mm in diameter.
Bolts
Figure G.12,
The distances between the centre lines of the pins and
Figure G.13
the stop are equal to the nominal distances from the
centre line of the holes to the end of the rail.
The gauge pins shall be able to enter the holes at the
same time while the stop is touching the end of the rail.
The vertical centring of the holes can be checked using
a gauge as shown in Figure G.13.
The side of the hole, left or right, is determined
by proceeding from the side with the relief markings.
Rails drilled both
±6 ±6
ends ≤25 m
a
Length Rails undrilled ≤25 m ±10 ±10
Rails undrilled or drilled
±1 mm/1 m ±1 mm/1 m
on one end >25 m
a
The given rail lengths apply for +20 °C. Measurements made at other temperatures are to be corrected to take into
account expansion or contraction of the rail.
10 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Table 5 — Straightness, surface flatness and twist tolerances
e
Class A Class B
Location/Dimensional
properties
d L d L
d
End “E” 2 m 1,5 m
L
≤0,4 mm 2 m ≤0,5 mm 1,5 m
and
b
Vertical straightness-up (V )
F
f
≤0,3 mm 1 m if e > 0 F ≥ 0,6 m
a,c
Ends
and and
Vertical straightness-down (V)
e ≤0,2 mm e ≤0,2 mm
d
≤0,6 mm 2 m ≤0,7 mm 1,5 m
L
and
b
Horizontal straightness (H )
f
≤0,4 mm 1 m
d
Length of overlap 2 m 1,5 m
10 m L
e e
Vertical flatness (V) ≤0,3 mm 2 m ≤0,4 mm 1,5 m
a,c Horizontal flatness (H)
Overlap
e e
≤0,6 mm 2 m ≤0,6 mm 1,5 m
e
d
d
d
12 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
Table 5 (continued)
e
Class A Class B
Location/Dimensional
properties
d L d L
e e
d
≤0,3 mm 3 m ≤0,4 mm 3 m
L
Vertical flatness (V) and and
e e
≤0,2 mm 1 m ≤0,3 mm 1 m
a,c
Body
Horizontal flatness (H)
e e
≤0,45 mm 1,5 m ≤0,6 mm 1,5 m
10 mm max
Sweep
g g
Upsweep and downsweep 10 mm 10 mm
(whole rail)
10 mm max
Whole rail Maximum gap of 2,5 mm See 6.2 and Figure 13
Twist
Maximum rotational twist of 0,2° and maximum relative
End (1 m) See 6.2 and Figure 14
twist of 0,003 5 × c
a
1 m
Overlap
2 mBody
Whole rail
End “E”
d
Table 5 (continued)
e
Class A Class B
Location/Dimensional
properties
d L d L
b
V and H: Location of
latness measurements
V
H
The position of H is nominally
5 mm to 10 mm below the
gauge corner on the side of
the head.
c
Automatic measurement equipment shall measure as much of the rail as possible but, at least the body. If the whole rail satisfies the body specifications, then
measurement of end and overlap is not mandatory.
d
Automatic measurement techniques are complex and are therefore difficult to define but the finished rail flatness shall be capable of being verified by straight
edge as shown in the above drawings.
e
95 % of delivered rails shall be within limits specified, with 5 % of rails allowed outside the tolerances by 0,1 mm.
f
Reference L sliding over end E.
g
The ends of the rails shall not be up more than 10 mm when the rail is on its foot or on its head when standing on an inspection bed.

7 Technical requirements
7.1 Manufacturing methods
7.1.1 Blooms made from basic oxygen steel or electric arc furnace steel that has been secondary ladle
arc refined, vacuum degassed and continuously cast, shall be used for the manufacture of rails.
7.1.2 The manufacturer shall operate a procedure for the effective removal of scale during the
rolling process.
7.1.3 The cross-sectional area of the rail shall not exceed one ninth that of the bloom from which the
rail is rolled.
7.1.4 Rail straightening shall be by a two stage roller straightening process which straightens the rail
about its XX and YY axes as defined in the rail profiles. End deviations or a localized deviation on the rail
may be corrected using pressing.
7.2 Chemical composition
7.2.1 General
The liquid chemical composition shall fulfil the requirements of Tables 6 and 7, and liquid residual
elements shall fulfil the requirements of Table 8.
−4
The content of nitrogen shall not exceed 90 × 10 % in the liquid for all steel grades.
Table 6 — Chemical composition of as-rolled (HR) rails (in mass %)
P S Al
t
Steel grade C Si Mn Cr V
max. max. max.
HR200 0,40–0,60 0,15–0,58 0,70–1,20 0,0
...