ISO/IEC TR 3445:2022
(Main)Information technology — Cloud computing — Audit of cloud services
Information technology — Cloud computing — Audit of cloud services
This document surveys aspects of the audit of cloud services including: 1) role and responsibilities of parties conducting audit and description of the interactions between the CSC, CSP, and CSN; 2) approaches for conducting audits of cloud services to facilitate confidence in delivering and using cloud services; 3) examples of available frameworks and standards which can be used for audit schemes, for certification, and for authorization. This document builds upon the cloud auditor role as defined in ISO/IEC 17789 and ISO/IEC 22123. This document is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations that need to plan and conduct internal or external audits, and that use, provide and support cloud services. This document is not intended to describe certification or to identify controls that are published elsewhere.
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General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR
REPORT 3445
First edition
2022-03
Information technology — Cloud
computing — Audit of cloud services
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2022
© ISO/IEC 2022
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© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to the use of audit and assessment . 1
3.2 Terms related to cloud service audit . 3
4 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 Overview of cloud computing and the activities of a cloud auditor .5
5.1 Overview of cloud computing. 5
5.1.1 General . 5
5.1.2 Cloud computing roles, sub-roles and activities . 6
5.2 Overview of the activities of a cloud auditor . 7
5.2.1 Cloud auditor . 7
5.2.2 Responsibilities of a cloud auditor . 8
5.2.3 Cloud auditor’s cloud computing activities . 9
5.2.4 Relationship of the cloud auditor to CSPs, CSCs, and other CSNs . 10
6 Overview of the audit of cloud services .10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Objectives of an audit of cloud service . 11
6.2.1 General . 11
6.2.2 Audit objectives . 11
6.2.3 Audit boundaries .13
6.2.4 Relationship of an audit and the organization .13
6.3 Types of cloud audit . .15
6.3.1 Overview . 15
6.3.2 Internal audit .15
6.3.3 External audit . 16
6.3.4 Exemplary tests and audits . 17
6.3.5 Relationship between audit and assessment for cloud computing . 19
6.3.6 Relationships among audit processes and reports . 19
6.3.7 Conformity Assessment – Objectives and expectations . 24
6.4 Cloud audit and trust . 24
7 Audit specifications and challenges .25
7.1 Overview . 25
7.2 Establishing audit scope .25
7.3 Audit risk assessment . .25
7.3.1 General . 25
7.3.2 Risk assessment of cloud computing systems and legacy or non-cloud
computing system .26
7.4 Security controls assessment .26
7.5 Required laws, regulations, and government requirements . 27
7.6 Policies .28
7.6.1 General .28
7.6.2 Geolocation data .28
7.7 Cloud service agreement (CSA) .28
7.8 Cloud capabilities types, cloud service categories and key characteristics .29
7.9 Cross-cutting aspects . 31
7.10 Emerging technologies and cloud native . 31
7.11 Define metrics and security parameters . 32
7.12 Determining matrix . 33
7.13 Assessment of cloud governance . 33
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© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved
7.14 Challenges of conducting an audit of cloud services . 33
7.14.1 General . 33
7.14.2 Third party auditability .33
7.14.3 Change management . 33
7.14.4 Patch management .34
7.14.5 Multi-tenant environment.34
7.14.6 Auditability and assurance .34
7.14.7 Availability requirement .34
8 Approaches to conducting audits .35
8.1 Typical Scenarios . 35
8.2 Cloud audit – opportunities and meeting objectives . 35
8.2.1 General . 35
8.2.2 Stakeholders and related activities on cloud audit .36
8.3 Processes – identify, analyse, evaluate . 36
8.4 Data flow – lifecycle - confidentiality, integrity, availability . 37
8.5 Automation of cloud service audits and assessments . 37
Annex A (informative) Sample list of standards and frameworks applicable to audit of
cloud services .39
Annex B (informative) Compilation of frameworks, schemes, and auditing programs for
certification, attestation and authorization which are relevant to cloud security . 44
Bibliography .49
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© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_expe
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