ISO/IEC 21794-5:2024

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 21794-5
First edition
Information technology —
2024-11
Plenoptic image coding system
(JPEG Pleno) —
Part 5:
Holography
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images
plénoptiques (JPEG Pleno) —
Partie 5: Holographie
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2024
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© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
4.1 Symbols .2
4.2 Abbreviated terms .3
5 Conventions . 4
5.1 Naming conventions for numerical values .4
5.2 Operators .4
5.2.1 Arithmetic operators .4
5.2.2 Logical operators .5
5.2.3 Relational operators .5
5.2.4 Precedence order of operators .5
5.2.5 Mathematical functions .6
6 Representation of digital holograms . 6
6.1 Digital holograms and their signal properties .6
6.2 Functional overview of the decoding process .8
6.3 Encoder requirements .9
6.4 Decoder requirements .9
Annex A (normative) JPEG Pleno Holography superbox . 10
Annex B (normative) JPEG Pleno Holography codestream syntax .16
Annex C (normative) Non-binary lossy coding .25
Annex D (normative) Binary lossless coding . .33
Annex E (normative) Hologram tiling .37
Annex F (normative) Light propagation models .44
Annex G (normative) Short-time Fourier transform . 47
Annex H (normative) Quantization .49
Annex I (normative) Arithmetic coding .53
Annex J (informative) Rate-distortion optimization .57
Bibliography .65

© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
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Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 21794 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.

© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
Introduction
This document is part of a series of standards for a system known as JPEG Pleno and defines JPEG Pleno
Holography. It specifies a codec mechanism for holographic modalities and associated codestream syntax
and file format elements. JPEG Pleno Holography allows for efficient compression of holograms for a wide
range of applications such as holographic microscopy, tomography, interferometry, printing and display
and their associated hologram types. Key functionalities include support for both lossy and lossless coding,
scalability, random access, and integration within the system architecture of the JPEG Pleno framework.

© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
v
International Standard ISO/IEC 21794-5:2024(en)
Information technology — Plenoptic image coding system
(JPEG Pleno) —
Part 5:
Holography
1 Scope
This document defines the syntax and an accompanying decompression process that is capable of
representing binary and continuous-tone holograms while supporting one or multiple color/spectral
components. The supported compression mechanisms are lossless for binary holograms and lossy for
continuous-tone holograms. Additional information on the encoding tools is provided as well. The document
also defines extensions to the JPEG Pleno File Format and associated metadata descriptors specific to
holographic modalities.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 21794-1:2020, Information technology — Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) — Part 1:
Framework
ISO/IEC 21794-2:2021, Information technology — Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) — Part 2: Light
field coding
ISO/IEC 21794-3, Information technology — Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) — Part 3:
Conformance testing
ISO/IEC 21794-4, Information technology — Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) — Part 4: Reference
software
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 21794-1, ISO/IEC 21794-2,
ISO/IEC 21794-3, ISO/IEC 21794-4 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp/ ui
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
holography
technique based on coherent light allowing for the recording and reconstruction of a wavefront, thereby
encoding three-dimensional information about objects
Note 1 to entry: This has many applications, including 3D display technology, microscopy, tomography, interferometry,
telecommunications, data storage, and non-destructive testing.

© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
3.2
hologram
two-dimensional representation of the complex-valued coherent wavefield of light encoding an interference
pattern describing the amplitude and phase of the scalar wavefield
Note 1 to entry: This pattern may be encoded directly in the spatial domain or indirectly using optical transformations
such as Fourier-transforming lens systems, magnification, or modulation.
3.3
digital hologram
one or more two-dimensional arrays of coefficients representing the sampled coherent wavefield of light
3.4
tile
a spatial segment of a digital hologram, each coded independently
3.5
window block
unit of a series of 2D windows over the propagated hologram’s input coefficients, corresponding to 2D
contiguous subsets of input coefficients and serving as input for the STFT
3.6
transform block
coefficient set resulting from applying a transform to a tile
3.7
code block
input coefficient set of the arithmetic coding within a transform block, where each code block is
independently arithmetically encoded
3.8
quantization block
unit of quantization within a code block
3.9
transform size
4-tuple of positive integers, describing the number of elements along each dimension of the entire
...