ISO 22559-1:2014

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22559-1
First edition
2014-02-15
Safety requirements for lifts
(elevators) —
Part 1:
Global essential safety requirements
(GESRs)
Exigences de sécurité des ascenseurs —
Partie 1: Exigences essentielles de sécurité globale des ascenseurs
Reference number
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014

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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
4 Approach and methodology. 6
4.1 Background . 6
4.2 Approach . 6
4.3 Methodology . 6
5 Understanding and implementing GESRs . 8
5.1 Overall objective . 8
5.2 Use of GESRs. 9
5.3 Use of this part of ISO 22559 .11
6 Global essential safety requirements (GESRs) .13
6.1 Common GESRs related to persons at different locations .13
6.2 GESRs related to persons adjacent to the lift .15
6.3 GESRs related to persons at entrances .16
6.4 GESRs related to persons in the LCU .17
6.5 GESRs related to persons in working areas .19
Annex A (informative) Overview of GESRs in relation to lift subsystems .21
Annex B (normative) Requirements relevant to the EU market .27
Annex C (informative) Comparison of GESRs with EHSRs of LD and MD .28
Bibliography .98
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators and moving walks.
This first edition of ISO 22559 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 22559-1:2004.
ISO 22559 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety requirements for lifts (elevators):
— Part 1: Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
— Part 2: Safety parameters meeting the global essential safety requirements (GESRs) (Technical
Specification)
— Part 3: Global conformity assessment procedures (GCAP) — Prerequisites for certification of conformity
of lift systems, lift components and lift functions (Technical Specification)
— Part 4: Global conformity assessment procedures (GCAP) — Certification and accreditation requirements
(Technical Specification)
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Introduction
0.1 After the publication of ISO/TR 11071-1 and ISO/TR 11071-2, discrepancies were noted in the lift
safety standards, and it was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that would set global
essential safety requirements for lifts (elevators). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798
was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the development of this part of ISO 22559 on
safety requirements for lifts.
0.2 The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE ISO/TS 22559-2 contains global safety parameters (GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further
assist in the use and implementation of the global essential safety requirements (GESRs) specified in this part of
ISO 22559.
0.3 Clause 4 describes the approach and methodology used in the development of this part of
ISO 22559. Clause 5 gives instructions for the use and implementation of GESRs. The GESRs are presented
in Clause 6. Each GESR specifies a safety objective, i.e. what is to be achieved, not how to do it. This allows
innovation and development of future technologies. Annex A gives an overview of GESRs in relation to
lift subsystems.
0.4 This part of ISO 22559 does not supersede National Regulations. Users of this part of ISO 22559
should comply with the National Regulations. This part of ISO 22559 is intended to support national
regulations on safety assessment of new lifts.
0.5 The hazards associated with lifts are similar worldwide. For achieving an appropriate uniform
safety level, the requirements in this part of ISO 22559 should be considered in any safety assessment of
new lifts.
0.6 ISO 22559-1 GESRs or the EU Lifts Directive 95/16/EC essential health and safety requirements
(EHSRs), as well as those EHSRs of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC applicable to lifts, when
complied with, give an appropriate level of safety for lifts. See Annex B for application of European
legislation.
0.7 The ISO 22559 series of documents provides a process for assessment of conformity of lift
systems, lift components or lift functions with the safety requirements specified in ISO 22559-1. It
includes a structured methodology for establishing, documenting and demonstrating that necessary
and appropriate protective measures are taken to eliminate hazards or sufficiently mitigate risks. This
process is particularly useful for establishing safety of lift systems, lift components or lift functions
involving innovative design or new technologies.
NOTE If one is using the process, parts 1 to 4 of the ISO 22559 series should be used.
0.8 ISO/IEC Guide 51 has been taken into account as far as practicable at the time of drafting of this
part of ISO 22559. The process of risk reduction described in ISO/IEC Guide 51 is accomplished using
ISO 14798.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22559-1:2014(E)
Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) —
Part 1:
Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22559
— specifies GESRs for lifts (elevators), their components and functions, and
— establishes a system and provides methods for minimizing safety risks that may arise in the course
of, the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators).
NOTE 1 Hereinafter in this part of ISO 22559, the term “lift” is used instead of the term “elevator”.
NOTE 2 See Clause 5 regarding the use and application of this part of ISO 22559.
This part of ISO 22559 is applicable to lifts that are intended to carry persons or persons and goods that
can
a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure or building, except lifts located in means of
transport, (e.g. ships);
b) have any
1) rated load, size of load carrying unit and speed, and
2) travel distance and number of landings;
c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit (LCU), earthquake, weather, or flood;
d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded) but not vandalized.
This part of ISO 22559 does not cover
1)
a) all needs of users with disabilities , or
b) risks arising from
1) work on lifts under construction, testing, or during alterations and dismantling,
2) use of lifts for fire fighting and emergency evacuation,
3) vandalism, and
4) fire outside the LCU.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1) Although the GESRs specified in this part of ISO 22559 have been identified and evaluated by risk assessment,
not all disabilities or combinations of such disabilities of users have necessarily been addressed.
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects — Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
ISO 14798:2009, Lifts (elevators), escalators and moving walks — Risk assessment and reduction methodology
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
authorized person
person with authorization to access restricted lift areas [e.g. machinery spaces, lift well (hoistway), pit
and LCU top] skilled and trained to work therein, for the purpose of inspecting, testing, repairing and
maintaining the lift or for rescuing users from a stalled load-carrying unit (LCU)
3.2
cause
circumstance, condition, event, or action that in a hazardous situation contributes to the production of
an effect
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.1]
3.3
counterweight
mass that contributes traction in the case of a traction lift, or mass that saves energy by balancing all or
part of the mass of the load-carrying unit (LCU) (car) and the rated load
3.4
door
〈landing or load-carrying unit (LCU)〉 mechanical device (including devices that partially or fully enclose
the opening) used to secure an LCU or landing entrance
3.5
effect
result of a cause in the presence of a hazardous situation
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.2]
3.6
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
degree of immunity to incident electromagnetic radiation and level of emitted electromagnetic radiation
of electrical apparatus
3.7
essential health and safety requirement
EHSR
requirement intended to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm to users, non-users and
authorized persons using, or associated with, lifts
3.8
fully loaded load-carrying unit (LCU)
LCU (car) with its rated load
3.9
global essential safety requirement
GESR
globally agreed upon essential safety requirement
Note 1 to entry: See 4.3.3.
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

3.10
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.3 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.3]
3.11
harmful event
occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.4 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.4]
3.12
hazard
potential source of harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.5 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.5]
3.13
hazardous situation
circumstance in which people, property or the environment are exposed to one or more hazards
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.6 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.6]
3.14
hoistway
well
travel path(s) of the load-carrying unit (LCU) and related equipment plus the spaces below the lowest
landing and above the highest landing
3.15
hoistway enclosure
well enclosure
fixed structural elements that isolate the well (hoistway) from all other areas or spaces
3.16
landing
floor, balcony or platform used to receive and discharge persons or goods (freight) from the load-
carrying unit (LCU)
3.17
lift (GB)
elevator (US)
lifting appliance intended to transport persons with or without goods or freight by means of a power-
operated load-carrying unit (LCU) that is guided by a fixed guiding system from one landing to another,
at an angle of more than 75° to the horizontal
Note 1 to entry: This term does not include mobile or other working platforms or baskets, or lifting appliances
used in the course of construction of buildings or structures.
Note 2 to entry: See ISO/TR 11071-1, Clause 2, for use of the term “lift” versus the term “elevator” in current
national standards for lifts.
3.18
load-carrying unit
LCU
car
part of a lift designed to carry persons and/or other goods for the purpose of transportation
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

3.19
maintenance
process of examination, lubrication, cleaning and adjustments of lift parts to ensure the safe and intended
functioning of the lift and its components after the completion of the installation and throughout its life
cycle
3.20
non-user
person in the vicinity of a lift but not intending to access or use the lift
3.21
overload
overloaded
load in the load-carrying unit (LCU) that exceeds the rated load of the lift
3.22
platform
part of the load-carrying unit (LCU) that accommodates persons and load for the purpose of transportation
3.23
protective measure
means used to reduce risk
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.8 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.8]
Note 1 to entry: Protective measures include risk reduction by inherently safe design, protective devices, use of
personal protective equipment, information for use and installation, and training.
3.24
rated load
load that the lift is designed and installed to transport
3.25
relative movement
situation where a lift component moves in the vicinity of another lift component that is stationary or
that moves at a different speed or in a different direction
Note 1 to entry: This may also occur in a situation where a lift component moves in the vicinity of a structure
where persons can be present.
EXAMPLE Building floor surrounding the lift well (hoistway).
3.26
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.10 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.2]
3.27
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.11 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.10]
3.28
risk assessment
overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.12 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.12]
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

3.29
risk evaluation
consideration of the risk analysis results to determine if the risk reduction is required
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.13]
3.30
scenario
sequence of a hazardous situation, cause and effect
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.14]
3.31
severity
level of potential harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.15]
3.32
transportation
process in the course of which persons enter, or goods are moved, into a load-carrying unit (LCU), which
is then lifted or lowered to another landing, where the person exits, or goods are removed from, the LCU
3.33
travel path
path and related space between the lift terminal landings within which an LCU travels
Note 1 to entry: For “space” above and below terminal landings, see definition 3.14 for “hoistway” or “well”.
3.34
uncontrolled movement
situation where the load-carrying unit (LCU) travels at a speed that is beyond the control of the means
designed and intended to control the LCU speed during the lift operation
EXAMPLE The LCU speed exceeds its designed speed or does not decelerate or stop as intended, due to failure
of, or breakdown in, lift components, such as the speed control or brake system.
3.35
unintended movement
situation where the load-carrying unit (LCU) moves when, according to design of the lift, it was to
remain stationary
EXAMPLE The LCU starts to move away from a landing while the users are entering or leaving the LCU, due
to failure of, or breakdown in, lift components, such as the speed control or brake system.
3.36
user
person using the lift for the purpose of normal transportation, without any help or supervision, including
a person carrying goods and a person using a specially dedicated operating system to transport goods
or loads
Note 1 to entry: An example of use of a specially dedicated operating system is “independent service” for transport
of hospital patients, whereby the operation of the lift is under the sole control of the patient’s attendant.
3.37
vandalism
deliberate destruction of, or damage to, property for no obvious gain or reason
3.38
working area or space
area or space defined for use by authorized persons to perform maintenance, repair, inspection or
testing of the lift
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

4 Approach and methodology
4.1 Background
4.1.1 During the 1970s, the ISO 4190 series of documents were published, which specifies the building
dimensions necessary to permit the installation of lifts. This series also specified criteria for the planning
and selection of lifts and the standards for lift fittings.
4.1.2 In order to facilitate further standardization of lift installations and components, ISO/TC 178
carried out extensive comparisons of regional and national safety standards and codes for lifts. The
results were published in the ISO/TR 11071 series of documents. These Technical Reports gave directions
for possible harmonization of several specific design- and safety-related rules in regional and national
standards. No agreement among the experts could be reached for global harmonization of most rules,
mainly for the following reasons:
a) the compared standards and codes were based on different assumptions and experiences and
written at different stages of industry development, without using a consistent methodology or
consistent procedures, as recommended in ISO/IEC Guide 51; and
b) they were written in prescriptive rather than performance language.
4.1.3 It further became clear that prescriptive standards not only continually lag behind the development
of lift technologies and the state of the art, but also present impediments to the progress and innovation of
industry. Differences in regional and national safety requirements affecting lift designs also pose barriers
to free trade. Therefore, a new approach to the development of lift standards affecting lift safety must be
taken.
4.2 Approach
ISO/IEC Guide 51 has been taken into account as far as practicable at the time of drafting of this part of
ISO 22559.
4.2.2 The intent was to develop EHSRs for lifts whereby the lift is defined in broad terms as a “unit”
carrying load from one floor to another, without any design constraints such as those that are usually
specified in the regional or national lift standards.
A load-carrying unit (LCU) of a lift in this part of ISO 22559 is not necessarily a “car” that consists of a
platform with fully enclosed sides and ceiling. The space in which the unit travels is not necessarily a
fully enclosed “well” or “hoistway” as these terms are defined in national standards.
4.2.3 By taking this approach and by using the systematic risk assessment process in accordance with
ISO 14798, it was possible to establish EHSRs for lifts without imposing restrictions on the design of, or
materials and technologies used in, the lifts.
4.3 Methodology
4.3.1 In order to involve experts from various parts of the world, three regional study groups were
formed (North American, European and Asia-Pacific) with broad participation of local lift experts.
4.3.2 Following the risk assessment process set out in ISO/IEC Guide 51 and the methodology specified
in ISO 14798 each study group
a) identified all safety risk scenarios, including hazardous situations and harmful events (causes
and effects and possible resulting harm) that could arise at all stages and in all conditions of the
operation and use of lifts,
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

b) assessed the risk, and
c) formulated EHSRs that, when implemented, would mitigate the risks.
Table 1 gives examples of risk scenarios related to GESRs.
4.3.3 Reports on the assessment of all risk scenarios and essential safety requirements proposed by
each study group were compared and debated within ISO/TC 178 before the final proposals for GESRs for
lifts specified in Clause 6 were established.
Table 1 — Examples of risk scenarios related to GESRs
Applicable GESR
Risk scenarios
- Hazards
requiring implemen-
NOTE: Risk assessment of all scenarios concluded that
tation of protective
- Persons exposed
all identified risks need mitigation
measures
EXAMPLE 1 Shearing, crushing 6.1.5 Hazards due to
or abrasion hazards, relative movement
when:
1.1 Users are on a moving LCU that has low or perforated 1.1 persons inside the Users and non-users
guards on its sides. User extends a hand or protrudes a foot LCU shall be protected from
beyond the LCU perimeters; user’s hand or foot engages with the effects of shearing,
external lift objects and become sheared, crushed or cut. crushing or abrasion, or
other injuries due to
1.2 Users are in the lift entrance area and enter the LCU 1.2 entering/exiting
when the door is closing. The doors contact the users who the LCU; or a) the relative movement
are entering the LCU. Persons are crushed or sheared or they of the LCU and external
are destabilized, possibly resulting in an injury due to a fall. objects; and
1.3 Non-users are at the floor area in the vicinity of the lift 1.3 located at the floor
b) the relative movement
entrance or at the floor around the LCU travel path; enclo- area in the vicinity of
of the lift equipment.
sure around the LCU travel path is low in height or perfo- an operating lift
NOTE 1: For authorized
rated. Person extends a hand or protrudes a foot towards the
persons, see 6.5.9.
moving LCU or any other moving lift equipment in the travel
path, which engages with the hand or foot, the person’s hand
NOTE 2: This GESR
or foot is sheared, crushed or cut.
addresses the safety of
persons located inside
and outside the LCU.
EXAMPLE 2 Falling into the lift 6.2.1 Falling into the
well well (hoistway)
2.1 There are no guards between the LCU travel path and the 2.1 Persons close to Means shall be provided
floors surrounding the travel path are high above the bottom unguarded well. to sufficiently mitigate
of the well; a person is close to the well A person leans over the risk to users, non-
the floor edge or the entrance opening sill. The person falls users, and authorized
down the well (hoistway). persons of falling into the
well (hoistway).
2.2 Guards in example 2.1 are provided but do not have 2.2 Persons inside
adequate strength. A person leans against a guard The LCU or close to the NOTE: This GESR
person breaks through the guard and fall down into the well well, whose guard addresses the risk of
(hoistway). is not sufficiently falling into the well
strong. (hoistway)
—from surrounding
floors, and
—from landing doors
when the LCU is absent.
EXAMPLE 3 Various hazards 6.1.3 Equipment inac-
cessible to users and
non-users
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ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Table 1 (continued)
Applicable GESR
Risk scenarios
- Hazards
requiring implemen-
NOTE: Risk assessment of all scenarios concluded that
tation of protective
- Persons exposed
all identified risks need mitigation
measures
Users or non-users have access to lift machinery and/or the Unauthorized persons Equipment that is
equipment installed to move or control the LCU. Persons in areas containing hazardous shall not be
inadvertently or deliberately come into contact with moving lift machinery or directly accessible to
or rotating machinery or electrical equipment. This contact equipment users and non-users.
results in death or serious injury if the person is drawn into
NOTE: Locations that are
or comes into contact with the machinery; or the a person is
not accessible include
electrocuted if he comes into contact with exposed electrical
the location behind the
equipment.
enclosure, a locked cover
or door, or out-of-reach
locations.
EXAMPLE 4 Falling from work- 6.5.4 Strength of work-
ing area ing areas
An authorized person is working on top of the LCU. The Authorized person in Means shall be provided
working space that does not have sufficient strength to sup- a designated working to accommodate and
port the authorized person and tools; the working surface area. support the mass of
collapses. The authorized person falls into the LCU sustain- authorized person(s) and
ing serious injuries. associated equipment in
any designated working
area(s).
NOTE: The number of
authorized persons and
the equipment that they
carry or use to fulfil
the anticipated work-
ing activities should
be determined. Those
activities do not include
major repairs when the
working are
...