ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15504-5
First edition
2006-03-01

Information technology — Process
Assessment —
Part 5:
An exemplar Process Assessment Model
Technologies de l'information — Évaluation des processus —
Partie 5: Un exemple de modèle d'évaluation de processus




Reference number
ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2006

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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Overview of the exemplar Process Assessment Model . 2
4.1 Introduction . 2
4.2 Structure of the exemplar Process Assessment Model . 3
4.3 Assessment Indicators. 10
4.4 Measuring process capability . 13
5 The process dimension and process performance indicators (level 1). 15
5.1 The Acquisition Process Group (ACQ).16
5.2 Supply Process Group (SPL). 21
5.3 Operation Process Group (OPE) . 25
5.4 Engineering Process Group (ENG). 27
5.5 Supporting Process Group (SUP) . 43
5.6 Management Process Group (MAN) . 56
5.7 Process Improvement Process Group (PIM) . 65
5.8 Resource and Infrastructure Process Group (RIN) . 69
5.9 Reuse Process Group (REU) . 74
6 Process capability indicators (level 1 to 5) . 79
6.1 Level 1: Performed process. 79
6.2 Level 2: Managed process . 79
6.3 Level 3: Established process . 84
6.4 Level 4: Predictable process . 88
6.5 Level 5: Optimizing process . 92
6.6 Related Processes for Process Attributes. 96
Annex A (informative) Conformity of the exemplar process assessment model. 98
Annex B (informative) Work product characteristics . 103
Annex C (informative) Adaptation of the assessment model . 158
Bibliography . 162

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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 15504-5 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 7, Software and system engineering.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/IEC TR 15504-5:1998, which has been technically revised.
ISO/IEC 15504 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Process
Assessment:
— Part 1: Concepts and vocabulary
— Part 2: Performing an assessment
— Part 3: Guidance on performing an assessment
— Part 4: Guidance on use for process improvement and process capability determination
— Part 5: An exemplar Process Assessment Model
The complete series replaces ISO/IEC TR 15504-1 to ISO/IEC TR 15504-9.
This Part of ISO/IEC 15504 is informative.
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 15504 provides an example of a Process Assessment Model for use in performing a
conformant assessment in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 15504-2.
An integral part of conducting an assessment is to use a Process Assessment Model constructed for that
purpose, related to a Process Reference Model and conformant with the requirements defined in
ISO/IEC 15504-2. ISO/IEC 15504-2 provides a framework for process assessment and sets out the minimum
requirements for performing an assessment in order to ensure consistency and repeatability of the ratings.
A Process Reference Model cannot be used alone as the basis for conducting consistent and reliable
assessments of process capability since the level of detail is not sufficient. Therefore:
⎯ the descriptions of process purpose and process outcomes provided by the Process Reference Model
need to be supported with a comprehensive set of indicators of process performance; and
⎯ the capability levels and process attributes defined in ISO/IEC 15504-2 and its associated rating scale
need to be supported with a set of indicators of process capability.
Used in this way, in conjunction with a documented process, consistent and repeatable ratings of process
capability will be possible.
This Process Assessment Model in Part 5 contains a set of indicators to be considered when interpreting the
intent of the Process Reference Model. These indicators may also be used when implementing a process
improvement program or to help evaluate and select an assessment model, method, methodology or tools.
The Process Reference Model defined in ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and AMD2 has been used as the basis for the
Process Assessment Model in this part.
As an exemplar, this Process Assessment Model embodies the core characteristics that could be expected of
any Process Assessment Model consistent with ISO/IEC 15504-2. Nevertheless, use of this Process
Assessment Model is not required to meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 15504; any other Process
Assessment Models meeting the requirements of ISO/IEC 15504-2 may be used in a conformant assessment.
Within this part of ISO/IEC 15504:
⎯ Clause 4 provides a detailed description of the structure and key components of the process assessment
model, which includes two dimensions: a process dimension and a capability dimension; assessment
indicators are introduced in this clause;
⎯ Clause 5 addresses the process dimension. It uses process definitions from ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and
AMD2 to identify a Process Reference Model. The processes of the Process Reference Model are
described in the Process Assessment Model in terms of purpose and outcomes and are grouped in three
process categories. The Process Assessment Model expands the Process Reference Model process
definitions by including a set of process performance indicators called base practices for each process.
The Process Assessment Model also defines a second set of indicators of process performance by
associating work products with each process. Annex B is also linked directly to clause 5 as it defines the
work product characteristics;
⎯ Clause 6 addresses the capability dimension. It duplicates the definitions of the capability levels and
process attributes from ISO/IEC 15504-2, and expands each of the 9 attributes through the inclusion of a
set of generic practices. These generic practices belong to a set of indicators of process capability, in
association with generic resource indicators, and generic work product indicators;
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
⎯ Annex A provides a statement of conformance of the Process Assessment Model to the requirements
defined in ISO/IEC 15504-2;
⎯ Annex B provides selected characteristics for typical work products to assist the assessor in evaluating
the capability level of processes;
⎯ Annex C contains style guides for defining base practices, work products and generic practices for
adjusting the Process Assessment Model, and guidance explaining how to expand or adapt the model;
and
⎯ The Bibliography contains a list of informative references.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)

Information technology — Process Assessment —
Part 5:
An exemplar Process Assessment Model
1 Scope
This informative part of ISO/IEC 15504:
⎯ defines an exemplar Process Assessment Model that meets the requirements of ISO/IEC 15504-2 and
that supports the performance of an assessment by providing indicators for guidance on the interpretation
of the process purposes and outcomes as defined in ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and AMD2 and the process
attributes as defined in ISO/IEC 15504-2;
⎯ provides guidance, by example, on the definition, selection and use of assessment indicators.
A Process Assessment Model comprises a set of indicators of process performance and process capability.
The indicators are used as a basis for collecting the objective evidence that enables an assessor to assign
ratings. The set of indicators included in this part of ISO/IEC 15504 is not intended to be an all-inclusive set
nor is it intended to be applicable in its entirety. Subsets that are appropriate to the context and scope of the
assessment should be selected, and possibly augmented with additional indicators (see Annex C).
The Process Assessment Model in this part of ISO/IEC 15504 is directed at assessment sponsors and
competent assessors who wish to select a model, and associated documented process method, for
assessment (for either capability determination or process improvement). Additionally it may be of use to
developers of assessment models in the construction of their own model, by providing examples of good
software engineering and management practices.
Any Process Assessment Model meeting the requirements defined in ISO/IEC 15504-2 concerning models for
process assessment may be used for assessment. Different models and methods may be needed to address
differing business needs. The assessment model in this part of ISO/IEC 15504 is provided as an exemplar of
a model meeting all the requirements expressed in ISO/IEC 15504-2.
NOTE Copyright release for the Exemplar Process Assessment Model: Users of this part of ISO/IEC 15504 may
freely reproduce the detailed descriptions contained in the exemplar assessment model as part of any tool or other
material to support the performance of process assessments, so that it can be used for its intended purpose.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 12207:1995/Amd.1:2002; Amd.2:2004, Information technology — Software life cycle processes
ISO/IEC 15504-1:2004, Information technology — Process assessment — Part 1: Concepts and vocabulary
ISO/IEC 15504-2:2003, Information technology — Process assessment — Part 2: Performing an assessment
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 15504-1 apply.
4 Overview of the exemplar Process Assessment Model
4.1 Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 15504 provides an exemplar Process Assessment Model that includes examples of
assessment indicators.
The Process Reference Model defined in ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and AMD2, associated with the process
attributes defined in ISO/IEC 15504-2, establish a Process Assessment Model used as a common basis for
performing assessments of software engineering process capability, allowing for the reporting of results using
a common rating scale.
The Process Assessment Model is a two-dimensional model of process capability. In one dimension, the
process dimension, the processes are defined and classified into process categories. In the other dimension,
the capability dimension, a set of process attributes grouped into capability levels is defined. The process
attributes provide the measurable characteristics of process capability.
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DiDimmeensinsioonn
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1212207207 A AMMDD11 & A & AMMD2D2
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---- LeLevveell 11 : : PPeerrfforormmeedd (1 (1 aatttrtriibbuuttee))
PrProcesocesss RRefefererenceence
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PRPROCOCESSESS
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pprroceocessessess
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prprocesocessesses
PrPriimmaarryy
prproceocessessess

Figure 1 — Relationship between the Process Assessment Model and its inputs
Figure 1 shows the relationship between the general structure of the Process Assessment Model,
ISO/IEC 15504-2 and ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and AMD2.
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
The Process Reference Model and the capability dimension defined in ISO/IEC 15504-2 cannot be used alone
as the basis for conducting reliable and consistent assessments of process capability since the level of detail
provided is not sufficient. The descriptions of process purpose and outcomes in the Process Reference Model,
and the process attribute definitions in ISO/IEC 15504-2, need to be supported with a comprehensive set of
indicators of process performance and process capability that are used for assessment performance.
The exemplar Process Assessment Model defined in this part of ISO/IEC 15504 is conformant with the
ISO/IEC 15504-2 requirements for a Process Assessment Model, and can be used as the basis for conducting
an assessment of software engineering process capability.
In order to meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 15504-2, a documented process supporting other requirements
of ISO/IEC 15504-2 is also required. This need may be met, for example, by the adoption of a supporting
method for conducting assessments.
4.2 Structure of the exemplar Process Assessment Model
This clause describes the detailed structure of the Process Assessment Model and its key components.
This Process Assessment Model expands upon the Process Reference Model by adding the definition and
use of assessment indicators. Assessment indicators comprise indicators of process performance and
process capability and are defined to support an assessor’s judgment of the performance and capability of an
implemented process.
Clause 5, together with its associated Annex B, describes the components of the process dimension, and
Clause 6 describes the components of the capability dimension. Annex A provides a demonstration of
conformity that meets the requirements of ISO/IEC 15504-2.
ISO/IEC 15504-2 requires that processes included in a Process Reference Model satisfy the following:
"The fundamental elements of a Process Reference Model are the set of descriptions of the processes within
the scope of the model. These process descriptions shall meet the following requirements:
a) A process shall be described in terms of its Purpose and Outcomes.
b) In any description the set of process outcomes shall be necessary and sufficient to achieve the purpose
of the process.
c) Process descriptions shall be such that no aspects of the measurement framework as described in clause
5 of this International Standard beyond level 1 are contained or implied."
As processes are derived directly from ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and AMD2, these requirements are satisfied.
The Process Assessment Model includes processes, which are grouped in three process categories, identical
to the process categories defined in ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and AMD2, which are:
⎯ the Primary life cycle processes category;
⎯ the Supporting life cycle processes category;
⎯ the Organizational life cycle processes category.
Within a process category, processes are grouped at a second level according to the type of activity they
address: the processes included in the same group contribute to a complementary area. These groups are
defined in order to help assessors in defining the assessment scope in term of process selection.
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
4.2.1 Processes
Figure 2 lists the processes from ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1 and AMD2 that are included in the process dimension
of the exemplar Process Assessment Model, and show their classification (for the purpose of this Process
Assessment Model) into Process Categories and Process Groups.
OORRGAGANNIIZZAATITIOONNAALL Li Liffee
PPRRIIMMAARRYY L Liifefe C Cyyccllee PPrroocessescesses
CCyyccllee P Prroocessecessess
AAccquisitioquisitionn P Prrocess Group (ocess Group (AACQCQ))
MMaannaagegement Pment Prrocess Grocess Group (Moup (MAANN))
ACQACQ.1 A1 Accquisquisiition prtion prepareparation ation
MAN.1 OMAN.1 Orrganiganizzaattiional onal aallignmignmentent
ACQACQ.2 Su2 Supplierpplier s seeleclecttion ion
MAN.2 OrMAN.2 Organiganizzaattiional monal manageanagemmentent
ACQACQ.3 Co3 Contrntraacctt agr agreeeemmeent nt
MAN.3 PMAN.3 Prrojojecect mt maannageagemmeent nt
ACQACQ.4 Su4 Supplierpplier m monitoronitoriing ng
MAN.4 QualMAN.4 Qualitityy m manageanagemmeent nt
ACQACQ.5 Cu5 Cussttoommerer acc acceptaeptannccee
MAN.5 RisMAN.5 Riskk mmanaanagegemment ent
MAN.6 MMAN.6 Measeasururemementent
SSupplyupply P Prrocess Group (Socess Group (SPPLL) )
SPL.1 SupSPL.1 Suppplierlier tender tenderinging
SPL.2 PrSPL.2 Prooducduct rt reeleasleasee
ProProcesscess Im Impprroovvememenentt Pro Process Gcess Grroouupp ( (PPIIMM))
SPL.3 PrSPL.3 Prooducduct acct acceptaeptannce sce supporupportt
PIM.1 PPIM.1 Prrococesesss es estatablisblishmhmentent
PIM.2 PPIM.2 Prrococesesss ass asseessssmmeentnt
EEngineeringineering Png Prrocess Group (Eocess Group (ENG)NG) PIM.3 PPIM.3 Prrococesesss im imprproveovemmeenntt
ENGENG.1 Re1 Requirquireemmententss elic eliciittationation
ENGENG.2 S2 Syyssttemem r requirequireemmeentsnts anal analyyssisis
ResoResouurrccee an andd In Inffrrastastruructctuurre Proe Procceessss
ENGENG.3 S3 Syyssttemem ar arcchhitecitecturturaal desl design ign
GrGroup (oup (RRIN)IN)
ENGENG.4 So4 Soffttwwaarree r requirequireemmentsents anal analyyssisis
RIN.1 HRIN.1 Huumman ran reessourourccee managemanagemmentent
ENGENG.5 So5 Soffttwwaarree des designign
RIN.2 TRIN.2 Trraining aining
ENGENG.6 So6 Soffttwwaarree c consonstrtruucctiontion
RIN.3 KnRIN.3 Knoowwledge mledge managanageemmeenntt
ENGENG.7 So7 Soffttwwaarree integr integration  ation
RIN.4 InRIN.4 Inffrrastrastrucucturturee
ENENGG.8 So8 Soffttwwaarree tes testtinging
ENGENG.9 S9 Syyssttemem integr integrationation
ENGENG.10 Sy10 Syssttemem tes testting ing
Reuse PReuse Prrocess Group (REocess Group (REUU))
ENGENG.11 S11 Sooffttwwaarree ins insttalallatlatiionon
REU.1 AREU.1 Asssseet mt manageanagemmeenntt
ENGENG.12 S12 Sooffttwwaarree and s and syyssttemem mmaaintenintenanceance
REU.2 RREU.2 Reuseuse pre progrograamm mmanageanagemmentent
REU.3 DREU.3 Doommaain engineerin engineeringing
OOpperateratioionn Pro Process Gcess Grroouupp ( (OOPE)PE)
OOPE.1 OPE.1 Oppererational usational use e
OOPE.2 CuPE.2 Cussttoommerer ssupporupport t
SSUUPPPPOORRTTIINNGG L Liifefe C Cyyccllee PPrrooccesseessess
SSuppoupport Prt Prrocess Group (ocess Group (SSUPUP))
SUP.1 QualitSUP.1 Qualityy as asssuurrancancee SSUP.6 PrUP.6 Producoduct evat evalluation uation
SUP.2 VSUP.2 Veerriiffiiccaationtion SUP.7 DocSUP.7 Docuummententaattion ion
SUP.3 VSUP.3 Vaalliidationdation SSUP.8 ConfUP.8 Configuriguratioation mn maannaaggeemmentent
SUP.4 Joint rSUP.4 Joint reevviieeww SUP.9 PrSUP.9 Problemoblem r reesolution msolution maanagenagemmeentnt
SUP.5 ASUP.5 Auditudit SSUP.10 Change rUP.10 Change reequesquest t mmanageanagemmentent

Figure 2 — Process Categories and Process Groups
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
The description of each Process Group includes a characterization of the processes it contains, followed by a
list of the processes. Each process belonging to a Group is identified with a Process Identifier [ID] consisting
of the Group abbreviated name and a sequential number of the process in that Group.
The Process Categories and Process Groups are described in more detail below.
4.2.1.1 Primary Life Cycle Processes Category
The Primary Life Cycle Processes consist of processes that serve primary parties during the life cycle of
software. A primary party is one that initiates or performs the development, operation, or maintenance of
software products. These primary parties are the acquirer, the supplier, the developer, the operator, and the
maintainer of software products.
The Primary Life Cycle Processes Category contains the following four groups of processes:
⎯ the Acquisition process group;
⎯ the Supply process group;
⎯ the Engineering process group;
⎯ the Operation process group.
The Acquisition process group (ACQ) consists of processes performed by the customer, in order to acquire a
product and/or a service.
Note: A supplier may also act as a customer when acquiring a product and/or service from another supplier.
This group includes the processes listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Primary Life Cycle Processes – Acquisition process group
Process
Process name Source
Identification
ACQ.1
Acquisition preparation ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ACQ.2 Supplier selection ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ACQ.3 Contract agreement ISO/IEC 12207 AMD2
ACQ.4 Supplier monitoring ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ACQ.5
Customer acceptance ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1

The Supply process group (SPL) consists of processes performed by the supplier in order to propose and
deliver a product and/or a service.
Table 2 — Primary Life Cycle Processes – Supply process group
Process
Process name Source
Identification
SPL.1
Supplier tendering ISO/IEC 12207 AMD2
SPL.2 Product release ISO/IEC 12207 AMD2
SPL.3 Product acceptance support ISO/IEC 12207 AMD2

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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
This group includes the processes listed in Table 2.
The Engineering process group (ENG) consists of processes that directly elicit and manage the customer's
requirements, specify, implement, and/or maintain the software product and it’s relation to the system.
This group includes the processes listed in Table 3.
Table 3 — Primary Life Cycle Processes – Engineering process group
Process
Process name Source
Identification
ENG.1 Requirements elicitation ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.2 System requirements analysis ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.3 System architectural design ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.4 Software requirements analysis ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.5 Software design ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.6 Software construction ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.7 Software integration ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.8 Software testing ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.9 System integration ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.10 System testing ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.11 Software installation ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
ENG.12 Software and system maintenance ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1

The Operation process group (OPE) consists of processes performed in order to provide for the correct
operation and use of the software product and/or service.
This group includes the processes listed in Table 4.
Table 4 — Primary Life Cycle Processes – Operation process group
Process
Process name Source
Identification
OPE.1 Operational use ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
OPE.2 Customer support ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1

4.2.1.2 Supporting Life Cycle Processes Category
The Supporting Life Cycle Processes consist of processes that support another process as an integral part
with a distinct purpose and contributes to the success and quality of the software project. A supporting
process is employed and executed, as needed, by another process.
This group includes the processes listed in Table 5.
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ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006(E)
Table 5 — Supporting Life Cycle Processes - Support process group
Process
Process name Source
Identification
SUP.1 Quality assurance ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
SUP.2 Verification ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
SUP.3 Validation ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
SUP.4
Joint review ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
SUP.5 Audit ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
SUP.6 Product evaluation ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
SUP.7 Documentation ISO/IEC 12207 AMD1
SUP.8
Configuration management ISO/IEC
...