ISO 16100-1:2002

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16100-1
First edition
2002-12-15

Industrial automation systems and
integration — Manufacturing software
capability profiling for interoperability —
Part 1:
Framework
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Profil d'aptitude
du logiciel de fabrication pour interopérabilité —
Partie 1: Cadre




Reference number
ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002

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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)


Contents
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Abbreviations . 3
5 Manufacturing application . 4
5.1 Reference application framework . 4
5.2 Manufacturing domain. 5
5.3 Manufacturing processes. 6
5.4 Manufacturing resources . 6
5.5 Manufacturing information. 7
6 Manufacturing software interoperability framework . 7
6.1 Manufacturing software unit interoperability. 7
6.2 Functional relationships between the manufacturing software units. 8
6.3 Services, interfaces, and protocols . 9
6.4 Manufacturing software unit capability profiling. 10
7 Conformance . 10
Annex A (informative) Manufacturing application reference model. 11
A.1 Model of a manufacturing enterprise. 11
A.1.1 Activity domains . 11
A.1.2 Business planning and logistics level. 12
A.1.3 Customer relationship management . 12
A.2 Corporate services. 12
A.3 Material and energy management . 13
A.4 Engineering support . 13
A.5 Manufacturing operations and control level . 13
A.6 Production control domain reference model . 14
Annex B (informative) Examples of the manufacturing activity reference model . 15
B.1 Activity diagram convention. 15
B.2 Develop Products activity . 16
B.3 Design Products activity . 19
B.4 Develop Conceptual Design activity . 20
B.5 Develop Detailed Design activity. 21
B.6 Engineer Process activity . 24
B.7 Conceptual Process Planning activity. 25
B.8 Select Manufacturing Resources activity. 26
B.9 Develop Detailed Process Plan activity. 27
B.10 Generate Operations activity . 29
B.11 Generate Control Programs activity . 31
B.12 Generate Shop Floor Routing activity . 32
B.13 Execute Manufacturing Orders activity . 33
B.14 Develop Operation Sequence and Detailed Schedule activity. 36
B.15 Dispatch Production Units activity . 38
B.16 Track Production Units and Resources activity . 39
B.17 Manage Factory Floor Data and Documents activity . 41
B.18 Collect Production Data activity. 43
B.19 Analyze Data activity . 44
Annex C (informative) Use Cases. 46
C.1 Capability use cases and related scenarios. 46
C.1.1 Software capability use cases. 46
C.1.2 User requirements . 46
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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
C.1.3 Interoperability requirements.46
C.2 Use case ― "Assembling a new functionality" .46
C.3 Use case ― "Selecting appropriate software".47
C.4 Use case ― "Substituting one software component with another".47
C.5 Use case ― "Migrating to another platform" .47
C.6 Use case ― "Managing software inventory" .47
C.7 Use case ― “Certifying software to a capability profile” .47
C.8 Use case ― "Distributing software to the mass market" .47
C.9 Use case ― "Managing Manufacturing Changes" .48
C.10 Use case ― "Registering New Software".48
C.11 Use case ― Requirements for Common Understanding.48
C.12 Use case ― Business Capability Reference Model.48
C.13 Use case ― Web search for software component capability.49
C.14 Use case ― Software component dependency statements.49
C.15 Use case ― Matching software capability to an application requirement.49
Annex D (informative) Other terms and definitions .50

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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electro-technical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16100 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 5, Architecture, communications and integration frameworks.
ISO 16100 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and integration 
Manufacturing software capability profiling for interoperability:
 Part 1: Framework
 Part 2: Profiling methodology
 Part 3: Interface protocols and templates
 Part 4: Conformance test methods, criteria and reports

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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
Introduction
The motivation for ISO 16100 stems from the industrial and economic environment noted by ISO/TC 184/SC5. In
particular, there is broad recognition by industry that application software and the expertise to apply that software
are assets of the enterprise. Industry feedback has noted the need for improvement and continued development of
current design and manufacturing standards to enable software interoperability.
ISO 16100 specifies a manufacturing information model that characterizes software-interfacing requirements. With
interfacing requirements clearly expressed, standard interfaces can be more easily and quickly developed using the
Interface Definition Language (IDL) or an appropriate programming language, such as Java and C++. These
standard interfaces are expected to enable the interoperability among manufacturing software tools (modules or
systems).
The Unified Modelling Language (UML) is used in this International Standard for modelling these interfaces. Also,
the manufacturing information model can be used to develop commonly sharable database schema using
languages such as the eXtensible Markup Language (XML).
Sectors of the manufacturing industry  such as automotive, aerospace, machine tool manufacturing, computer
peripheral manufacturing, and mold and die manufacturing  that intensively use computer-aided design (CAD),
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), numerical control (NC) programming, computer-aided engineering (CAE),
product data management (PDM), and manufacturing execution systems (MES) will directly benefit from ISO 16100.
The software interface requirements in ISO 16100 will facilitate the development of:
a) interoperable design and manufacturing software tools leading to shortened product development time;
b) new software tools that can be easily integrated with current technologies leading to more choices in the
market;
c) new application software leading to reduced capital expenditures to replace legacy systems;
d) programming interfaces and database schema leading to cost savings by not having to develop proprietary
interfaces for point-to-point software integration.
The end result will be a reduction in product and manufacturing information management cost and lower product
costs.
ISO 16100 enables manufacturing software integration by providing the following :
a) standard interface specifications that allow information exchange among software units in industrial automation
systems developed by different vendors;
b) software capability profiling, using a standardized method to enable users to select software units that meet
their functional requirements;
c) conformance tests that ensure the integrity of the software integration.
ISO 16100 consists of four parts. Part 1 specifies a framework for interoperability of a set of manufacturing software
products used in the manufacturing domain and its integration into a manufacturing application. Part 2 specifies a
methodology for constructing profiles of manufacturing software capabilities, and includes a methodology for
creating manufacturing software capability profiles as well as for using these profiles at the developing stage of
manufacturing applications. Part 3 specifies the interface protocol and templates for various manufacturing
application areas. Part 4 specifies the concepts and rules for the conformity assessment of the other parts of ISO
16100.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16100-1:2002(E)

Industrial automation systems and integration — Manufacturing
software capability profiling for interoperability —
Part 1:
Framework
1 Scope
Part 1 of ISO 16100 specifies a framework for the interoperability of a set of software products used in the
manufacturing domain and to facilitate its integration into a manufacturing application (see Annex A for a discussion
of a manufacturing application). This framework addresses information exchange models, software object models,
interfaces, services, protocols, capability profiles, and conformance test methods.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO 15704, Industrial automation systems — Requirements for enterprise-reference architectures and
methodologies

ISO 15745-1, Industrial automation systems and integration — Open systems application integration framework —
Part 1: Generic reference description

ISO/IEC 19501-1, Information technology — Unified Modelling Language (UML) — Part 1: Specification
IEC 62264-1, Enterprise-Control System Integration — Part 1: Models and Terminology
IEEE 1320.1-1998, Standard for Functional Modelling Language — Syntax and Semantics for IDEF0

W3C Recommendation Feb 1998, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Other relevant terms are defined in
Annex D.
3.1
advanced planning
production planning over time horizons of months or years using constraint models that treat both materials and
capacity
NOTE In some cases, the planning system includes master production scheduling, material requirements planning, or
capacity planning.
3.2
CAD/PDM
computer systems that are used for product design and modelling, engineering, product data management, and
process data management
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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
3.3
capability
set of functions and services with a set of criteria for evaluating the performance of a capability provider
NOTE This definition differs from that given in ISO 15531-1 and ISO/DIS 19439, where capability is defined as the quality
of being able to perform a given activity. See IEC 62264-1 for a general definition of capability.
3.4
capability profiling
selection of a set of offered services defined by a particular interface within a software interoperability framework
3.5
CAPP/CAM
computer systems that are used for process planning and programming of numerically controlled machines
3.6
controller
hybrid hardware/software systems that are used for controlling machines
EXAMPLES Distributed control systems (DCS), programmable logic controllers (PLC), numerical controller (NC), and
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.
3.7
data collection
gathering of information on workpieces, timing, personnel, lots, and other critical entities for production
management in a timely manner
3.8
design knowledge
rules and logic that a human designer brings to bear on design problems, including design and implementation
techniques
NOTE Many different types of design knowledge are used in different design activities, such as decomposition knowledge,
assignment knowledge, consolidation knowledge, and optimization knowledge.
3.9
design pattern
medium-scale patterns, smaller in scale than architectural patterns, but are at a higher level than the programming

1)
language-specific idioms
NOTE The application of a design pattern has no effect on the fundamental structure of a software system, but may have a
strong influence on the architecture of a subsystem.
3.10
manufacturing software
type of software resource within an automation system that provides value to a manufacturing application (e.g.
CAD/PDM) by enabling the flow of control and information among the automation system components involved in
the manufacturing processes, between these components and other enterprise resources, and between enterprises
in a supply chain or demand chain
3.11
manufacturing software component
class of manufacturing software resource intended to support the execution of a particular manufacturing task

1)
Taken from Pattern-oriented Software Architecture, John Wiley & Sons, June 2000.

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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
3.12
manufacturing software unit
class of software resource, consisting of one or more manufacturing software components, performing a definite
function or role within a manufacturing activity while supporting a common information exchange mechanism with
other units
NOTE A software unit can be modeled using UML as a software object.
3.13
manufacturing system
system coordinated by a particular information model to support the execution and control of manufacturing
processes involving the flow of information, material, and energy in a manufacturing plant
3.14
manufacturing software capability
set of manufacturing software functions and services against a set of criteria for evaluating performance under a
given set of manufacturing conditions
NOTE See Annex C for use cases and related scenarios involving manufacturing software capability.
3.15
manufacturing software capability profile
concise representation of a manufacturing software capability to meet a requirement of a manufacturing application
3.16
software architecture
fundamental organization of a software system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and to
the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution
[IEEE 1471-2000]
3.17
software environment
other manufacturing resources within the computing system that affect the operational aspects of the
manufacturing software unit
NOTE The software environment can include other systems that interact with the system of interest, either directly via
interfaces or indirectly in other ways. The environment determines the boundaries that define the scope of the system of interest
relative to other systems.
3.18
supply chain planning
usage of information technology to address planning and logistics problems at different levels and granularities of
detail using models for a product line, a production plant, or a full chain of multiple demand sources, suppliers,
production plants, and distribution means
NOTE Supply chain planning can be used to synchronize production, balancing constraints based on goals including on-
time delivery, minimal inventory, and maximum profit.
4 Abbreviations
AGV Automatic Guided Vehicle
APT Automated Programmed Tool
BOM Bill of Materials
CAD Computer Aided Design
CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing
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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
CAPP Computer Aided Process Planning
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
MES Manufacturing Execution System
NC Numerical Control
PDM Product Data Management
SCM Supply Chain Management
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SQC Statistical Quality control
XML eXtensible Markup Language
UML Unified Modelling Language
5 Manufacturing application
5.1 Reference application framework
The interoperability framework for manufacturing software is based upon a more general interoperability framework
for manufacturing applications. Such an application interoperability framework, which is explained in further detail in
ISO 15745-1, provides a basis for integrating an automation and control system architecture within a manufacturing
application architecture.
An integrated manufacturing application shall be modeled as a combination of a set of manufacturing resources
and a set of information units whose data structure, semantics, and behaviour can be shared and exchanged
among the manufacturing resources, as shown in Figure 1. Manufacturing resources are communication networks,
devices, software, equipment, material, and personnel necessary to support the processes and information
exchanges required by the application.
In this application integration model, the various elements of the model have shared interfaces and exchange
material, energy, and information in a cooperative and coordinated manner. The manufacturing processes can
cooperate with each other if the functions performed by the various elements of the model can interoperate with
each other. When software units perform some of these functions, it is necessary for the software units to be
interoperable with the other elements, as well as with each other.


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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)

Manufacturing
Application

Manufacturing
1.* Manufacturing
Process
Resource
1.*
Manufacturing Manufacturing
Automation Device
Information
1.*
1.*
Equipment
Manufacturing
& Infrastructure
Personnel
1.* 1.*
Raw Material &
Manufacturing
Manufactured
Software Unit
1.*
1.*
Part

NOTE Boxes represent classes of objects (things). Lines connecting boxes represent associations between objects
(things). An association has two roles (one in each direction). A role may optionally be named by a label. A role from A to B is
closest to B, and vice versa. Roles are one-to-one unless otherwise noted. A role can have a multiplicity, e.g. a role marked with
“1.*” is used to denote many as in a one-to-many or many-to-many association. A diamond at the end of an association line
denotes a part-of relationship. A black diamond at the end of an association line denotes a composition aggregation relationship.
For example, Manufacturing Application owns (is comprised of) Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing Information, and
Manufacturing Resources. This notation is taken from ISO/IEC 19501-1.
Figure 1 ― Class diagram of a partial model of a manufacturing application
5.2 Manufacturing domain
The manufacturing domain that includes discrete, batch, and continuous control encompasses many types of
industries. The automotive industry is an example of an industry employing discrete control; the pharmaceutical
industry is an example of an industry employing batch control; the petrochemical industry is an example of an
industry employing continuous control. For manufacturing software, the interface between plant management
systems and floor control systems is described by the same method regardless of whether control systems are
discrete, batch, or continuous. Similarly, the control flow inside a control system is also described by the same
method regardless of whether the system is discrete, batch, or continuous.
Even as the manufacturing domain applies to many industries, the relationship between firms in these industries is
changing rapidly due to recent developments in IT infrastructure, as is the case in supply chain management
systems. Therefore, ISO 16100 sets a target manufacturing domain to include the manufacturing operation and
control activity, the discrete control activity, the batch control activity, the continuous control activity, and the
manufacturing process design activity, as shown in Figure 2.
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ISO 16100-1:2002(E)
Supply Chain
Management
Product Design Plant Management
Enterprise
Resource
Management
Target
Manufacturing
Operation & Control
Manufacturing
Domain of
Process Design
ISO 16100
Discrete Continuous
Control Control
Batch
Control

Figure 2 ― Target domain of ISO 16100
5.3 Manufacturing processes
A manufacturing process shall be modeled as a set of activities that follow a specific sequence. Each activity shall
be associated with a set of functions performed according to a time schedule or triggered by a set of events.
The functions associated with a manufacturing process shall be viewed as being implemented through a set of
manufacturing resources. The manufacturing resources shall be considered to be selected and configured to
support the material, information, and energy flows required by the specified sequence of manufacturing activities
asso
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