ISO 24978:2009

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24978
First edition
2009-10-01

Intelligent transport systems —
ITS Safety and emergency messages
using any available wireless media —
Data registry procedures
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Messages de sûreté et d'urgence
pour les SIT utilisant tous les moyens de transmission sans fil
disponibles — Procédures d'enregistrement des données




Reference number
ISO 24978:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009

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ISO 24978:2009(E)
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ISO 24978:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .1
3 Normative references.1
4 Terms and definitions .1
5 Abbreviated terms .2
6 Requirements for "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry" management.3
7 Data-concept meta-attributes.12
8 Data-concept names .15
9 Meta-attribute requirements for ITS safety messages data concepts .15
10 International relationships.16
11 Privacy.16
Annex A (informative) "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry", functional operating procedures.17
Annex B (normative) Contents of the "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry":
meta-attribute definitions .33
Annex C (normative) Contents of the "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry":
Meta-attribute requirements for data concepts.46
Annex D (normative) Data-concept name .54
Annex E (informative) ASN.1 information object specification for an ITS safety messages
data concept .60
Annex F (normative) ASN.1 data-concept specification.75
Annex G (normative) Data representation in an informational model .83
Annex H (informative) International and regional variations.86
Bibliography.88

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ISO 24978:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 24978 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
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ISO 24978:2009(E)
Introduction
The scale of death and injury on the roads of the world is recognized as a significant problem. To use a
relatively safe continent, Europe, as an example, the European project Emerge calculated that in the EU, in
1998 (then including 15 countries), there were 43 000 dead and 1,7 million injured on the roads. By 2004,
collated national statistics showed that the toll still exceeded 41 000 dead and 1,5 million injured. The death
and injury toll in North America is at a similar level, and although, pro rata, the death and injury rates in Japan
are at a slightly lower level, they remain unacceptable. Despite an aggressive road-safety policy, the statistics
are slightly worse in Australia. In the emerging countries, the death and injury toll is significantly higher in
almost every country.
As a result, in a series of initiatives around the world, governments have committed themselves to halving this
carnage within a decade. In most of the developed world, where there have already been strenuous efforts to
make the driving experience safer, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to make further improvements
using traditional techniques. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) are therefore seen as being the key to
achieving the ambitious targets that have been set.
Many ITS systems involve the exchange of data in order to provide services, and particularly safety services.
Data is, and increasingly will be, sent from the infrastructure to the vehicle, from vehicle to infrastructure, from
vehicle to vehicle, around the vehicle, and around the infrastructure. Much of this data remains within closed
systems; however, an increasing amount of data can be shared to improve ITS service provision, and in
particular, improve the safety of the driving experience and make a major contribution to the reduction of the
death and injury toll. A number of intelligent transport systems/eSafety initiatives, such as "eCall" and
"Automatic Crash Notification" crash messaging systems, are being developed. The European eCall project
has an ambitious target to automatically provide, across the whole of Europe, a common 'minimum set of data'
(MSD) to public service assistance providers (PSAPs) in the event of a crash.
Some of these data concepts, such as the MSD, are or will be defined and declared in International or
Regional Standards, but much of the available and potentially useful data is not codified, and can be difficult to
codify in standards because of differences between proprietary systems, and the speed at which the rapid
evolution of systems provide data, which is much faster than the standardization process can agree and codify it.
Some of this data can be very useful to relevant third parties in crash, crash avoidance, crash mitigation and
emergency systems. For example, a vehicle manufacturer can generate information about the number of
persons in a vehicle, whether those persons are large or small (to ensure that airbags inflate safely), and they
can monitor tyre pressure, speed of travel, etc. The available information can vary from vehicle model to
vehicle model, can differ according to the manufacturer's market strategies, and will certainly differ and evolve
over time so that the data available in a particular model in 2015 will be enhanced or different to that available
in the same model in 2010. In these circumstances, it will be difficult or impossible to 'standardize' the
available data as this would slow down the speed at which additional safety measures could be introduced,
and interfere with the marketing incentives to provide additional safety services.
However, vehicle manufacturers might be able and willing to share that information with the emergency
services, and might need an easy way to share information in collision avoidance and accident mitigation
systems (such as ice and slippery-road alerts) and indeed might wish to collate data in order to more quickly
identify and rectify design and software faults and reduce their exposure to liabilities. Road authorities might
wish to make national data [such as variable message sign (VMS) information] available to vehicles in
advance of international standardization of VMS messages or to deal with messages peculiar to that country.
While Europe can succeed in defining and codifying the common data concept known as the MSD, and can
succeed in persuading vehicle manufacturers (by encouragement or legislation) to make this data available in
the event of a crash or emergency, this will not pertain around the world. Other global initiatives, such as the
'Global Standards Cooperation' task force on automatic crash notification and emergency messages, can
define additional or different data concepts. As described in the examples given in this introduction, vehicle
manufacturers themselves will define data concepts that can be useful in the event of a crash or emergency,
and to otherwise improve the safety of the driving experience.
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ISO 24978:2009(E)
As technical capability improves and as more attention is given to safety-related services, it becomes
imperative that transmitted messages can be quickly and clearly understood by the recipient, or by both
parties in interactive safety systems.
There can be a wide variety of message recipients. In the case of emergency crash messages, this can be a
public service answering point (PSAP) which can be highly automated, or it can be a simple human
respondent whose requirement is to get some precise, and accurate, human readable data to support a
telephone call to the emergency services. At the other end of the scale, in respect of automated collision-
avoidance systems, and other automatic safety ITS services, this can be a vehicle-vehicle, infrastructure-
vehicle, or vehicle-infrastructure communication. Throughout the whole range of such messages, it is crucial
that safety-related messages be quickly, clearly and unambiguously understood by the recipient.
This requires that the definition of the data be not only precise, but also freely available, whether available to
system designers at the point of system design/deployment, or immediately available to a PSAP or other
relevant recipient in respect of situations such as emergency crash-notification systems. This requires the
availability of a common data registry as a repository for these safety-related messages and data concepts.
This International Standard provides the framework for the standardized operation and quality of service for
one or more freely available data registries for ITS safety messages and data concepts.
The definitions in this International Standard are consistent with ISO 14817 (ITS Data Registries) and
ISO/IEC 11179 (General principles for data registries).
In respect of automatic safety systems, such messages are normally determined at the point of system
specification. However, in practice, in-vehicle technology is already developing rapidly, and will continue to do
so, and new and additional data can well become available during the life of a system. In case of emergency,
vehicles will have available data on board that can be useful, indeed vital, to PSAPs. For liability reasons, now
that vehicles are data rich, vehicle manufacturers can well equip vehicles with an "Event Data Recorder"
(EVR), the equivalent of the aircraft "Black Box". Such a device can identify factors such as the speed of the
vehicle immediately before the crash, acceleration/deceleration rates, whether anti-lock or traction control
systems were activated, etc. Future vehicles can also carry data from collision-avoidance warnings and
collision-avoidance technology: how many passengers, what gear the car was in, etc. Where these systems
(or other useful and related information) are available, they can provide very useful and timely information to a
relevant recipient such as a PSAP; it cannot, however, be "required" as part of a "Standard" message.
The resultant "ITS Emergency and Safety Data Registry/Registries" are therefore likely to contain a mix of
standardized data concepts, proprietary data concepts, and data concepts designed for national or regional
use.
Additionally, there is the important consideration that equipment introduced into vehicles in 2010 can still be
operational in 2040, whereas wireless communications media have much shorter life expectations. So in
addition to new and additional data concepts, the means of carrying these across wireless media will also
change. This International Standard is therefore media independent. It does not specify any particular means
of data transfer; it simply enables data that is transferred to be unambiguously understood by the recipient.
To improve the veracity of receipt of crash information, rather than relying on a single media, it is felt that, in
many circumstances, such vital information is sent, where possible over multiple media, indeed using each
and every available media.
It is also not the intention that there will necessarily be a single global ITS emergency and safety message
data registry, although this can be desirable for specific reasons. Regional or national instantiations can also
be supported by this International Standard.
This International Standard provides the framework in which to operate such a data registry. It does not
mandate the use or provision of any data concepts, nor involve itself with the security of transmission, issues
of privacy, nor technical means of data transfer. It simply provides the rules to operate, with a high quality of
service, a data repository to enable relevant parties to immediately, usually by automatic means, understand
the precise and unambiguous meaning of an emergency safety-related message.
It is recognized that, in most implementations, tools will be required to use the contents of the data registry.
However, this International Standard defines only the procedures for such a registry and the definition of such
tools is outside the scope of this International Standard.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24978:2009(E)

Intelligent transport systems — ITS Safety and emergency
messages using any available wireless media — Data registry
procedures
1 Scope
This International Standard deals with intelligent transport systems.
This International Standard provides a standardized set of protocols, parameters, and a method of
management of an updateable "Data Registry" to provide application layers for "ITS Safety messages" using
any available wireless media.
2 Conformance
In order to claim conformance with this International Standard, wireless communication shall be established in
full compliance with local telecommunication regulations, procedures and protocols for that media using the
appropriate International or Regional Standards, and shall be able to demonstrate that they provide the
mandatory data, and can provide any standardized optional data elements to the extent that such data is
available, and there is an available medium to transmit the message.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1000:1992, SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units
ISO/IEC 8824-1:2002, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic
notation — Part 1
ISO/IEC 8824-2:2002, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Information object
specification — Part 2
ISO 11179 (all parts), Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR)
ISO 14817:2002, Transport information and control systems — Requirements for an ITS/TICS central Data
Registry and ITS/TICS Data Dictionaries
IEEE 1489:1999, IEEE standard for data dictionaries for intelligent transportation systems
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 14817 and ISO 11179 and the following
apply.
4.1
automatic crash notification
automatic system to provide data notification to public-safety answering points, by means of any available
wireless communications media, that a vehicle has crashed, and to provide coordinates and other relevant
information in a message of standardized data concepts, not limited in length
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ISO 24978:2009(E)
4.2
eCall
〈generic〉 system to provide notification and relevant coordinate information to public-safety answering points,
by means of wireless communications, that there has been an incident that requires a response from the
emergency services
4.3
eCall
〈ITS Specific〉 user instigated or automatic system to provide notification to public-safety answering points, by
means of wireless communications, that a vehicle has crashed, and to provide coordinates and a defined
minimum set of data
5 Abbreviated terms
5.1
CCC
change control committee
5.2
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
5.3
EU
European Union (EU15 implies the 15 countries that formed the European Union prior to 2005)
5.4
GPS
global positioning system
5.5
ID
identity
5.6
ITS
intelligent transport system
5.7
m
mandatory
5.8
o
optional
5.9
OID
object identifier
5.10
PSAP
public service answering point
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ISO 24978:2009(E)
6 Requirements for "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry" management
6.1 Concept of operation
This clause provides a summary overview of "ITS Safety messages" data dictionary and "Data Registry"
operations. It identifies the parties involved in "ITS Safety messages" data dictionary and "Data Registry"
operations, and specifies the responsibilities of each of the parties involved.
6.2 Summary
The "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry" shall support the harmonization of data concepts (e.g. data
elements) from different stakeholder groups. It shall be consistent with ISO 14817 (Requirements for an ITS
central "Data Registry" and ITS "Data Dictionaries"), and it and/or its entries are able to be submitted as (a)
candidate(s) for an "ITS Data Registry" that is in accordance with ISO 14817.
The definition of key data elements may arise from numerous sources: PSAPs, automotive manufacturers,
regulators, etc. Moreover, different groups will have an interest in the definition of the same data concept,
which could lead to the prospect of duplicate or similar definitions being developed.
An ITS Safety or emergency data concept is data in a predefined and registered concept, recorded in such a
manner that it is unambiguous and can be interpreted by reference to the data registry. The nature of form of
the emergency or safety message is not defined by this International Standard, nor are the circumstances in
which such a message is transmitted nor are the destination of the messages defined. This International
Standard provides a specification of a process to register such data concepts in accordance with
internationally recognized quality and implementation procedures as defined in International Standards, within
the context of ITS. The procedures for submission and an acceptance process are defined herein.
A central "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry", or regional and national variants, of which the concept of
operations are defined herein, supports standardization and harmonization processes that facilitate the
different interested parties to share data element definitions and avoid duplication, yet enable the prompt
admission of clearly defined and unambiguous entries from recognized sources, even where consensus and
common data-concept definitions between interested parties have not yet been agreed upon.
The operational concept of the data registration is described in the following subclauses. See Annex C for
specific procedural details.
NOTE There may be regional and national variations of this concept for operations.
6.3 Framework
The overall framework for the "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry" and "ITS Safety messages data
dictionaries" is presented in Figure 1. It illustrates the relationships between
⎯ the ITS safety services architectures (and information models),
⎯ the "ITS Safety messages data dictionaries" (that are intended to include all data concepts),
⎯ an "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry", and
⎯ the ITS safety services applications.
For each of these physical elements, the diagram in Figure 1 also lists their key functions. For "Data
Dictionaries", the "Data Registry" and the applications, it further identifies the key stakeholders or stakeholder
groups that participate in or manage their operations. Finally, the diagram illustrates the information
exchanged between these operational elements.
"ITS Safety messages data dictionaries" shall contain data concepts based on information flows documented
in an "ITS Safety Messages Architecture". Each data concept in a data dictionary shall reference one or more
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ISO 24978:2009(E)
flows of information between specific objects documented in a specific version of an "ITS Safety Messages
Architecture", the primary architecture being as defined in this International Standard. Regional and National
architectures are permissible.
The "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry" shall be the repository for submitted data concepts. Through the
efforts of the data "Stewards", the "Registrar" and the data registry "Change Control Committee" (CCC)
support identification of harmonization opportunities, recommendations for harmonization, and promotion of
data concepts to higher quality levels where warranted. Finally, the "Data Registry" can provide data concepts
to developers and other users for use in ITS applications.
Where considered appropriate by the sponsors, the day-to-day operational role of the CCC may be delegated
to a single registry administrator in order to efficiently maintain the registry in a timely manner and to assist
users in uploading and downloading data concepts.
Developers and other users should preferably use data concepts from the "Data Registry" at the highest
(Preferred) quality level. The data concepts at this level are described unambiguously, harmonized across ITS
sectors, and are considered representative of published data standards.
PPRROOCCEDURESEDURES
ITITS/TS/TIICSCS
ITITS/TS/TIICCSS
StandStandaarrddiizzeedd / /
SubSubmmiitttetedd
CoContentexxtt
Data Concepts
ITITS/TS/TIICCSS Data Concepts DaDattaa Re Reggiissttrryy HaHarmrmoonnizizeded
InfInfoorrmmaattiioonn
Data CoData Concnceepptsts
SeSemmaantinticcss
��AArchrchiteitecctuture(sre(s)) ITITS/TS/TIICCSS RReegistrationgistration
DaDattaa Di Diccttiioonnaarryy
��InfInfoormrmatiatioonn HarmHarmoonnizizationation ITITS/TS/TIICCSS
ModelsModels • DaDattaa S Seemmaannttiiccss AAppppllicicaattioionn
RReegisgisteteredred
Data CoData Concnceepptsts
PrProommoottioionn
 DDaata Syta Syntntaxax
ApAppplliiccatiatioon Spn Speecciiffiicc Data Co Data Concnceepptsts
Standards andStandards and StewStewardsards RReegistrargistrar DeDevveellooppeerrss
AApplppliiccatatiioonsns andand andand and and
DeDevveellooppeerrss SubmSubmiitttteersrs CCCCCC UsUseerrss

Figure 1 — "ITS Data Registry" operational framework
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ISO 24978:2009(E)
Table 1 presents a summary of the distinguishing characteristics between a "Data Dictionary" and a "Data
Registry".
Table 1 — "Data Dictionary"/"Data Registry" distinguishing characteristics
"ITS Safety messages data dictionary" "ITS Safety Messages Data Registry"
Multiple "Data Dictionaries" One (International) "Data Registry"
Covers single functional area Covers multiple sources
Managed by a functional area steward Managed by the CCC
Harmonized within the functional area Harmonized across the ITS sector
Unique ID within functional area Unique ID across the ITS sector

6.4 Organizational roles
6.4.1 Overview
Organizational roles associated with the ITS safety messages data registration process shall be established.
The organizational roles shall include the "ITS safety Messages data registry" "Executive Board" (EB), the ITS
safety messages Change Control Committee (CCC), the ITS safety messages "Registrar", ITS safety
messages "Stewards" and ITS safety messages "Submitters". A summary of each role is provided in this
subclause. Annex C provides a description of the purpose, specific responsibilities, and membership or
selection criteria for each role.
Figure 1 provides a high-level view of how these organizational roles are related within the context of the "ITS
Safety Messages Data Registry".
6.4.2 Registration authority
The "ITS Safety Messages Registration Authority" shall be in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1
(2008), H.4.
6.4.3 Registrar
The "Registrar" shall be an organizational element, expert in data registration processes, responsible for
facilitating the registration of ITS safety messages data concepts and making those data concepts widely
accessible and available to the ITS safety messages community. The "ITS Safety Messages Registration
Authority" shall appoint the "ITS Safety Messages Registrar".
6.4.4 Steward
An "ITS Safety Messages Steward" shall be an organizational element of the ITS safety messages community,
such as an ISO WG Convenor or his designated representative. "Stewards" are responsible for the accuracy,
reliability, and currency of descriptive metadata for data concepts at a registration status level of "Qualified" or
above within an assigned functional, regional or national area. "ITS Safety Messages Stewards" are approved
by a process defined by the registration authority.
6.4.5 Submitter
An "ITS Safety Messages Submitter" shall be an organizational element recommended by an "ITS Safety
Messages Steward" and approved by a process defined by the "ITS Safety Messages Registration Authority".
A "Submitter" is authorized to identify and report data concepts suitable for registration. Such "ITS Safety
Messages Submitters" may be organizations representing Regional or National Governments, organizations
representing PSAPs, organizations representing automotive manufacturers, or automotive manufacturers
directly. Publi
...