ISO 9334:1995

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD 9334
First edition
Premiere Edition
NORME
IlepBoe t43flatwe
1995-11-01
INTERNATIONALE
MEXflYHAPOnHbllil
CTAHRAPT
Optics and Optical instruments - Optical
transfer function - Definitions and
mathematical relationships
Optique et instruments d’optique -
Fonction de transfert optique - Dbfinitions
et relations mathbmatiques
OnTUlKa M OnTWWCKMe npui6opw -
OnwwecKaci nepeflaTortiafi *YHK~M~~ -
Onpeflenetibw VI iwaTeniiaTwecK~e
COOTHOUleHUl~
Reference number
Numero de rkference
HOMep CCblJlKLl
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 9334 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 172, Optics and @cal instruments, Subcommittee SC 1,
Fundamental Standards.
0 ISO 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no patt of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. / Droits de
reproduction reserves. Sauf prescription differente, aucune Partie de cette publication ne
peut etre reproduite ni utilisee sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procede,
electronique ou mecanique, y compris Ia photocopie et les microfilms, sans I’accord ecrit de
I’editeur.
Internatronal Organization for Standardi zation
1 Geneve 20
Case postale 56 l CH-l 21 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland/lmprime en Suisse

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
@ ISO ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation
mondiale d’organismes nationaux de normalisation (comites membres de
I’ISO). L’elaboration des Normes internationales est en general confiee aux
comites techniques de I’ISO. Chaque comite membre interesse par une
etude a Ie droit de faire Partie du comite technique cr& a cet effet. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernemen-
tales, en liaison avec I’ISO participent egalement aux travaux. L’ISO colla-
bore etroitement avec Ia Commission electrotechnique internationale (CEI)
en ce qui concerne Ia normalisation electrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptes par les comites techniques
sont soumis aux comites membres pour vote. Leur publication comme
Normes internationales requiert I’approbation de 75 % au moins des co-
mites membres votants.
Le Norme internationale ISO 9334 a etc elaboree par Ie comite technique
ISO/TC 172, Optique et instruments d’optique, sous-comite SC 1, Normes
fondamen tales.
n.
Ill

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R) @ ISO
IlpeAumosue
VlCO (Memflytiapofltiafi Opraw3a1_1m n0 CTaH/Jap/JTi43a~VlVl) FlBJWleTCR
BCeMVlpHOli C/IeflepalJleti HauMOHaJlbHblX OpraHl43alJ4ti l-l0 CTaHfiapTL’l3a~Wl
(KOMMTeTOB-W-leHOB IACO). Pa3pa6oma Mex~yHapOflHblX CTaHflapTOB OCy-
ll./eCTBJlFleTCfl TeXHMYeCKVlMM KOMLJTeTaMVl 1/1co. Kaxflbiti KOML/1TeTWleH, 3al’lH-
TepeCOBaHHbli B fleRTeJlbHOCTM, flJ-lFl KOTOpOli 6bm CO3flaH TeXHWeCKdl
KOMVITeT, LlMeeT npaB0 6blTb npeuCTaBJleHHblM B 3TOM KOMLlTeTe. MemflyHa-
pOflHble npaB/ATeJlbCTBeHHble Ll HellpaBldTenbCTBeHHble OpraHlA3231_1Wl, LlMelO-
UMe CBfl3Vl c MCO, TaKme llpVlHl4MatOT yqacme B pa6o-rax. YTO KacaeTm
cTaHflapTid3auim B o6nacTM 3JleKTpOTeXHMKi4, IACO pa60TaeT B TeCHOM COTpy-
flHWieCTBe C MexflytiapOflHOti heKTpOTeXHWieCKOti KoMvmMeti (M3K).
UpOeKTbl Memflyt-iapOflHblX CTaHflapTOB, npVlHRTble TeXHMYeCKLlMVl KOMVlTe-
TaMiA, paCCblIlaK)TCfI KOMLlTeTaM-WeHaM Ha rOJlOCOBaHkle. l/lX ony6nMKo-
BaHtw B KawCTBe Mem~yHapOflHblx CTaHflapTOB Tpe6yeT oao6peHwi n0
MeHbLLleil Mepe 75 % KOMLdTeTOB-WeHOB, npklHflMatOll/PlX yraC-l-Vle B
ronocoBatim4.
MexflyHapO~Hbiti CTaHflapT VlCO 9334 6bm pa3pa6Omi kXHi@ieCKMM KOMM-
TeToM klCO/rK 172, Onmm M omwecme MHcTpyMeHTbi, nouKoMHTeT IlK 1,
Octiosononarato~Me CTaH,L@pTbl.

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
@ ISO ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)
Introduction
The Optical transfer function (OTF) is an important aid to objective
evaluation of the image-forming capability of Optical, electrooptical and
other imaging Systems.
To allow comparison of Optical transfer function measurements achieved
using different measuring principles and instruments, or obtained from
measuring instruments in different laboratories, it is necessary to ensure
equivalence of measurement Parameters such as focus setting and spatial
frequency range. For this reason, an agreed terminology must be defined
so that the measurement Parameters called upon in a Standard may be
understood by all users. Definitions of the terms used in Optical transfer
function measurement are listed in this International Standard.
The specifications in this International Standard form the basic
requirements of measurement instrumentation and procedures for
guaranteeing a defined accuracy of measurement of the Optical transfer
function.
The Optical transfer function provides a means of expressing the image-
forming quality of imaging Systems objectively. Subjective measures of
Optical Performance, such as limiting resolution, give less information
about the imaging Performance of the System under test and are
susceptible to the variability of human observers.
lt is important to note that the Optical transfer function is only one of a
number of objective Parameters, such as noise, veiling glare, image
structure (sampling) etc., which may affect image quality and all such
Parameters should be included in a comprehensive description of the
Performance of an imaging System.
The Optical transfer function concept originated in the field of Optical
comprising lenses and mirrors, which closely satisfy the
Systems,
conditions of (radiometric) linearity and isoplanatism in their image-forming
process. lt allowed Optical and Systems designers to predict, with high
reliability, the Performance of Optical Systems of this type from the basic
design data.
When the requirements for isoplanatism and linearity are exactly satisfied,
the Optical transfer function tan be regarded as expressing the way in
which each sinusoidal spatial frequency component in the Fourier
spectrum of an incoherently radiating Object is transferred to the image as
a sinusoidal Pattern with reduced modulation and (frequently) a shift of
Phase.
However, for some imaging devices the linearity and isoplanatism
conditions are met only within certain limits. In Order to adopt the Optical
transfer function approach, even under these conditions, two key
concepts will be introduced. First, it will be assumed that it is possible to
identify a certain range over which a System behaves in a linear manner.
V

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R) @ ISO
Second, there will be an area of the object/image field over which the
System is isoplanatic such that the measured Optical transfer function tan
be assumed to be accurate within a specified tolerante.
The basic measurement technique also becomes significant in this
Situation and must be specified as part of the measurement conditions
relating to that device. This information is contained in the appropriate
sections of ISO 9336.
A very useful and important aspect of the Optical transfer function concept
is the multiplicative property of incoherently coupled System component
OTFs. This property permits the Overall OTF of a composite imaging
System to be obtained as the product of the separately measured OTFs of
its incoherently coupled components. Strictly speaking, this “product rule”
applies only when the complete System, and its individual components,
obey the conditions of linearity and isoplanatism, but the product rule
remains useful even when the linear radiometric range and isoplanatic area
are of limited extent.
For cascaded Optical Systems, such as telescopic sights, in which the
components are coherently coupled, the “product rule” cannot be applied.
lt is only possible to determine the Optical transfer function of these
Optical Systems by a test of the complete instrument.
To summarize, this International Standard describes the Optical transfer
function as a tool which tan be applied within weil-defined Iimits to a large
class of imaging Systems in Order to assess their image-forming
capabilities.
Since the Problems of measurement vary considerably from one class of
imaging device to another, the following format is used for International
Standards on the Optical transfer function.
This International Standard contains the introduction and a set of
definitions upon which Optical transfer function theory is built. These
definitions are part of a vocabulary in which all terms in general use
throughout this International Standard are defined. lt also contains a list of
basic relationships of the Optical transfer function to other image-
describing Parameters and a summary of concepts and Symbols which are
useful in Optical transfer function work.
ISO 9335 contains Statements of the principles and rules of measurement
and presentation of results which apply in general to all imaging devices
for which the Optical transfer function is a valid concept.
lt is essential that these rules be followed in Order to ensure that accurate
results are obtained. No attempt is made to prescribe a particular
measuring technique, since a variety of methods may be applicable,
depending on the characteristics of the device under test and the
equipment available.
ISO 9336 is subdivided into several Parts each devoted to a different class
of imaging device or to a special application.
lt describes, for each class, the limitations and precautions associated with
making valid Optical transfer function measurements and provides an imaging
state (“1-state”) specification, which is a list of all those Parameters which
affect the Point spread function and consequently the measured Optical
transfer function.
This framework will allow for future expansion to include new classes of
imaging device.
vi

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)
@ ISO
Introduction
La fonction de transfert optique est un atout precieux pour evaluer de
facon objective I’aptitude a former une image de tout Systeme optique,
electro-optique et de facon generale de tout dispositif de formation
d’images.
Pour permettre une comparaison entre les mesures de fonction de
transfert optique faites a partir de principes de mesure et d’instruments
differents, ou obtenues a partir d’instruments de mesure de differents la-
boratoires, il est necessaire de specifier les parametres de mesure tels
que Ie reglage de focalisation et Ie domaine de frequence spatiale. De ce
fait, on doit definir une terminologie teile que les parametres de mesure
utilises dans une norme soient correctement compris et acceptes par tous
les utilisateurs. Les definitions des termes employes pour Ia mesure de Ia
fonction de transfert optique sont donnees dans Ia presente Norme
internationale.
Les specifications de Ia presente Norme internationale constituent des
exigences fondamentales concernant I’instrumentation et les methodes
de mesure pour garantir avec une exactitude donnee les mesures de
fonction de transfert optique.
La fonction de transfert optique est un moyen quantitatif pour exprimer de
facon objective Ia qualite d’image des systemes optiques. Les mesures
subjectives de qualite telles que celles de limite de resolution fournissent
moins d’informations sur les possibilites du Systeme examine et sont sus-
ceptibles d’etre influencees par des facteurs propres a chaque observateur
humain.
On doit souligner que Ia fonction de transfert optique n’est que I’un des
elements concourant a Ia qualite de I’image: Ia diffusion, les Voiles et ima-
ges parasites, Ia structure de I’image, etc. sont autant de parametres a
considerer lorsqu’on veut decrire completement les performances d’un
Systeme de formation d’images.
Le concept de Ia fonction de transfert optique concerne les systemes
optiques comportant des lentilles et des miroirs devant strictement satis-
faire lors du processus de formation d’image a Ia double condition de
linearite (radiometrique) et d’isoplanetisme. La fonction de transfert
permet aux opticiens et aux ((concepteurw de systemes de prevoir avec
surete les performances des systemes optiques, a partir de leurs
caracteristiques.
Quand les conditions de Iinearite et d’isoplanetisme sont parfaitement
satisfaites, on peut considerer que Ia fonction de transfert optique exprime
Ia facon dont chaque composante sinuso’idale du spectre de frequences
spatiales (spectre de Fourier) de I’objet est transmise par Ie Systeme
optique formant I’image selon un Schema sinusoidal avec modulation
reduite et (souvent) avec decalage de Phase.
VII

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R) @ ISO
Toutefois, dans Ie cas de certains dispositifs de formation d’image, les
conditions de linearite et d’isoplanetisme ne sont remplies que dans
certaines Iimites. II est alors necessaire, pour utiliser dans ces conditions
Ie concept de fonction de transfert optique, d’introduire deux notions es-
sentielles. On suppose tout d’abord qu’il est possible de determiner un
certain domaine dans lequel Ie Systeme se camporte de maniere Iineaire.
On suppose ensuite qu’il existe une zone du champ objet/image pour la-
quelle Ie Systeme optique est isoplanetique, de Sorte que Ia fonction de
transfert optique mesuree pourra etre validee a I’interieur d’un domaine
specifie.
Dans ces conditions, Ia methode et Ia procedure de mesure adoptees
prennent une importante particuliere, et doivent etre specifiees dans les
conditions de mesure relatives au dispositif en Cause. Cette remarque sera
developpee dans les chapitres appropries de I’ISO 9336.
Un aspect important et tres utile du concept de fonction de transfert
optique est Ia propriete multiplicative des fonctions de transfert des ele-
ments couples les uns aux autres en rupture totale de coherence spatiale.
Cette propriete permet de determiner Ia fonction de transfert globale d’un
ensemble complexe de formation d’image comme etant Ie produit des
fonctions de transfert mesurees separement de chacun dies elements, as-
socies de facon a maintenir un eclairage spatialement incoherent entre
chacun d’eux. Bien que cette ((regle du produit)) ne s’applique strictement
que lorsque Ie Systeme complet et ses composants individuels obeissent
aux conditions de linearite et d’isoplanetisme, cette regle reste utile meme
lorsque I’intervalle radiometrique Iineaire et Ie domaine isoplanetique sont
Iimites.
Dans Ie cas de systemes en cascade, comme des jumelles, dans lesquels
les composants sont a (couplage coherent)), Ia ((regle du produit)) ne peut
s’appliquer. II n’est possible de determiner Ia fonction de transfert de ces
systemes optiques que de facon globale sur l’instrument complet.
En resume, Ia presente Norme internationale decrit Ia fonction de transfert
optique comme un outil pouvant etre applique, dans des Iimites bien defi-
nies, a une large categorie d’instruments, pour preciser leur role dans un
processus de formation d’image.
Comme les problemes de mesure varient considerablement d’un type
d’instrument a un autre, on a utilise, pour les normes internationales
traitant de Ia fonction de transfert optique, Ia disposition suivante.
La presente Norme internationale contient I’introduction et un ensemble
de definitions sur lesquelles repose Ia theorie de Ia fonction de transfert
optique. Les definitions font Partie d’un vocabulaire ou sont definis tous
les termes generalement utilises dans Ia norme. Elle contient egalement
une liste des relations fondamentales entre Ia fonction de transfert optique
et les autres parametres caracterisant I’image, ainsi qu’un resume des
concepts et Symboles utiles a I’etude de Ia fonction de transfert optique.
L’ISO 9335 Porte sur les principes et procedures de mesure ainsi que sur
Ia presentation des resultats, concernant de facon generale tous les dis-
positifs de formation d’image pour lesquels Ia fonction de transfert optique
est un concept valable.
Pour obtenir des resultats Precis, il est essentiel que ces regles soient
observees. On ne prescrit aucune technique particuliere de mesure, car
une grande variete de methodes peut etre mise en ceuvre en fonction des
caracteristiques du dispositif examine et de I’equipement disponible.
L’ISO 9336 est subdivisee en differentes Parties dont chacune est
consacree a une categorie differente de dispositifs de formation d’image,
ou a une application particuliere.

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
@ ISO ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)
Pour chaque categorie, on decrit les Iimitations et les precautions a
prendre pour executer des mesures correctes de specifications (&tat
d’imagerie))), ce qui regroupe tous les parametres affectant Ia reponse
percussionnelle et donc Ia fonction de transfert mesuree.
Cette disposition permettra ulterieurement d’inclure de nouvelles cate-
gories de dispositifs de formation d’image.
iX

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)
@ ISO
OnmiecKa~ nepeflaTortiafi *~HK~MR (OIXD) cnyx~~ BamHblM cpeflcTBoM
06beKTVIBHOi OL/eHKL’l cnoco6HocT~ OllTWeCKVlX, eneKTpOOrlTW4eCKVlX VI
flpywx M3o6paxatouHx CimeM K 06pa3oBatiido M3o6pameHvw.
AI-IR o6ecneueHHfl B03MO>KHOCTLl COnOCTaBfleH~fI pe3ynbTaTOB vi3MepeHidfl
on-rwiecltoii nepeflaTorHoi C+I~HK~MVI, llOnyqeHHblX pa3nWiHblMVl MeTOaL/I-
KaMH uni4 tia pa3tioh nvr6o npmiaflnemaueti pa3HblM na6opaTOpimM
at-IIlapaType, Heo6xo~uMo 06eUleWTb 3KBMBaneHTHOCTb TaKt4X !43MepMTenb-
HblX I-lapaMeTpOB, KaK C@OKyCUpOBKa t’l fllAalla3OH llpOCTpaHCTBeHHblX YaCTOT.
llo 3~oM npmwtie uonmtia 6biTb onpeflenetia cornacoBat-itiafl iepfw-ionorm c
TeM, wo6bl lA3MeplATenbHble I-lapaMeTpbl, BblCTynatOu_lPle B KaKOM-nM60 CTaH-
flapTe, 6bu-w I-lOHRTHbl BCeM nOTpe6wenRM. B HaCTOfItlJeM Me>KayHapOflHOM
CTatinapTe nepewcnetibi onpeflenetim -reprwwoB, npmMeweMbix npM
M3Mepewvr 0nTwiecKoti nepeflaiortioii +~HK~IAM.
TpeGoBaHHfl, YCTaHOBneHHble HaCTORLLJlAM MeI(flyHapOflHblM CTaHflapTOM,
fIBnRlOTCF1 OCHOBHblMVl /J-Fl Pl3MepVlTenbHOfi aWlapaTypb1 L’l MeTOWL’lK lil npPl3-
BaHbl 06eCnewTb oripe~enetit-iyto TOC1HOCTb lIl3MepeHvlFl OnTwiecKoW
nepelaToqHoi @yHK~i41/1.
OnmiecKafi nepeuaTortiafi @~HK~MF~ AaeT cnoco6 06bemmioro Bbipa>Ket-im
KaqeCTBa H3o6pameHvw H3o6pamatOuMx CLlCTeM. Cy6beKTuiBHble nOKa3a-w-w
Oi-lTIlYeCKL’lX XapaKTeplACTPlK, TaKide, KaK npeflenbHoe pa3peweHMe, UafoT
MeHbllE klHCj3OpM~l&lPl 06 m3odpa>r CPlCTeM Pl IlOflBepmeHbl t’l3MeHWlBOCTVl B 3aBPlCLlMOCTLl OT Ha6nioflaTenn.
Baw-io oTMemTb, wo 0nmiecKa~ nepeaaTortiafi C~)~HK~IAR flBnfieTcfi nwdb
OflHV1M LA3 pfifla 06beKTVIBHblX l-lapaMeTpOB, TaKlAX, KaK UlyM, CBeTOpaCCefiHMe,
fliACKpeTHaFl CTpyKTypa M3o6pameHw M flp., KOTOpble MOl-yT OKa3bIBaTb
BIWlF1HLIe Ha KaYeCTBO M3o6pameHw, Pl BCe OHL’l flOJ-‘DKHbl 6blTb BKntOYeHbl B
w-iepnbiBato~ee omcat-me xapamepkmw ur3o6pamatoueh ci4cTeMbi.
llot-mme 0nmrecKoii nepeflaTorHoh +~HK~IAVI ponmocb B o6nacTvi Teopw
OrlTWieCKL/IX CUCTeM, COCTaBneHHblX nL’lH3aMl4 Vl 3epKanaMVl, KOTOpble CTpOrO
l-lO~‘-ildHFltOTCF1 yCnOBVlt0 (paflVlOMeTpWeCKOti) JlHHetiHOCTU L’l L’l30llnaHaTM3Ma B
npOueCCe C@OpMVlpOBaHVW M3o6pameHw. OHO i-I03BOnVln0 KOHCTpyKTOpaM
OllTLlYeCKL’lX t’l COCTaBHblX CVlCTeM C BblCOKOti CTelleHbtO Ha~emHOCTVl ilpea-
CKa3bIBaTb llapaMeTpbl OllTl’lYeCKVIX CVICTeM 3TOrO TMlla Ha OCHOBaHtWl
KOHCTpyKTVl BH blX flaH H blX.
Koraa Tpe6osat-m K JlVlHetiHOCTVl VI ~30t-U-IaHaT~3My C TOYHOCTblO
yflOBneTBOpeHbl, ~0xH0 CwTaTb, wo 0nmqecKa~ nepeflaTortiafi @~HKL(MR
BblpamaeT cnoco6 nepeflaw Ka>KflOii ClilHyCOVl~anbHOti cocTaBnw~eL;j
cnert-rpa @ypbe HeKOrepeHTHO vi3ny’iatOu(erO o6beKTa K H3o6pameHwo B BMne
CVlHyCOVl~anbHOii KapTVIHbI C llOHU>KeHHOil MOnynF1l_leil l’l (3aqaCTylO) CO
CflBVlrOM @a3bl.
OflHaKO, Dnfl HeKOTOpbIX H3odpaxatouMx npM6opoB yCnOBVIfi nUHehHOCTl4 td
i430nnaHaTi43Ma yfloBneTBop~toTc~ nwub B 0npefleneHHblx npeflenax. C TeM,

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
@ ISO ISO 9334:1995( E/F/R)
wo6bl BaXC? B 3TLlX yCJ-IOBIAfiX nOflOtiTH K HLIM C nO3w&Iti OnTwiecKOti
nepeflaTOqHOfi @yHK~VllA, OKa3blBaeTCFl HeO6XOnMMblM BBeCTL’l flBa KJ-ltOYeBblX
nOHflTMF1. BO-nepBblx, fleJlaeTCfl flOnyLL/eHPle, L1TO B03MOmHO OTO)KfleCTBneHlde
onpeaenet-woro m-nepsana, B KOTOPOM cHcTeMa BefleT ce6H nvrHetiHo. Bo-
BTOpblX, JJOnyCKaeTCfl, YTO B npOCTpaHCTBe npefiMeTOB/Vl306pa>KeHVlfi Cyl.l/e-
CTByeT o6nacTb, B KOTOpOti CLlCTeMa RBJlfIeTCFI Vl30llJlaHaTWeCKOI? HaCTOJlbKO,
wo i43Fvrepetitiafl 0nwiecKafl nepeflaTortiafi @~HK~WI MoxeT cwTaTbcu
TowoW B npeaenax 3anawioro flonycKa.
~pPlHlJlllaJlbHaR MeTOnL/1Ka lA3MepeHMR TaKIKe CTaHOBL’lTCF1 B 3TOl7 CVlTyaLJWl
Ba>KHOw Vl nO.J-l>KHa 6blTb OnpefleJleHa KaK YaCTb yCJlOBldI l43MepeHWi
nplAMeHVlTeflbH0 K BaHHOMy npM6opy. 3Ta VlHC$IOpMalJVlR COflepxVITCR B
COOTBeTCTBytO~VlX pa3fienax IACO 9336.
OqeHb nOJle3HblM Ll BamHblM aCneKTOM nOHflTPlF1 OnTWieCKOl8 nepeflaTO’-tHOti
@yHKL(MVl FlBJIFleTCfI MyJlbTWUlVlKaTl4BHOCTb COCTaBJIFtDU@IX Oll@ HeKOre-
peHTH0 COnpFDKeHHOti CLlCTeMbl. 3TO CBOtiCTBO n03BOJlReT HaXOnVlTb oOu./yt0
Oil0 cnowioirr M306pamatou(eti CPlCTeMbl KaK npOlA3BefleHlAe OTfleJlbHO
l43MepeHHblX ofl@ ee HeKOrepeHTHO COnpflmeHHblX COCTaBHblX C1aCTeW.
CTporo rosopfl, ,,npaBHno npoM3BefleHwf’ npIAMeHlAM0 TOJlbKO TOrfla, KOrla
VI CVlCTeMa B UeJlOM, L’l ee OTleJlbHble KOMnOHeHTbl nOflWHRtOTCfI yCJlOBWlM
nHHetiHocTfl v1 M30nnaHaTM3Ma, HO npasmno npo~3Be~eHw4 0cTaeTcfl
none3HblM Qame B T~M cnyrae, KOrfla JILdHetiHbliil paflvlOMeTpL&ieCKvIti
flMana3oti IA vi3onnatiaTwdecKafi 06nacTb o6nanato-r orpat-iwiet-itioti npom
>KeHHOCTbtO.
)$-lFl MHOrOKaCKaflHblX OnTl’lYeCKt’lX ClACTeM, TaKL/IX, KaK TeJleCKOnlWieCKMe
npVlueJlbl, B KOTOpblX KOMnOHeHTbl COnpEl>KeHbl KOrepeHTHO, ,,npaBMnO npO-
H3BefleHvw” HenpuMeHvlMo. MO~HO 0npeflenMTb onTwecKyt0 nepeflaTorHyt0
@yHK~VltO 3TL4X OnTWeCKVlX CLlCTeM TOJ-lbKO L’lCnblTaHVleM npvi6opa B UeJIOM.
YTO HaCTOFIuVlfi Me>KflytiapOflHblti CTaHflapT
B MTore MO~HO CKa3aTb,
0nucblBaeT onTwiecKy0 nepelaTorHyt0 @ICHKAWA KaK MHcTpyMeHT, npMMe-
HMMblM B coBepweHH0 0npefleneHHblx npeflenax K 6OnbwOMy Knaccy
H306pa>Katouux CLlCTeM C L/eJ-ibIO OL/eHKVl VIX cnoco6HocTM C$IOpMVlpOBaTb
M3o6pameHMe.
nOCKOJlbKy npo6neMa IA3MepeHWI 3HaWlTeJlbHO BapbVlpyeTCR OT OQHOrO
Knacca m3o6pa>KatOuux npM6opoB K apyroMy, npviHHTa cneaytouafl cMcTeMa
M3nomeHyrfi BOnpOCOB OnTwecKoW nepeaaTortioti @~HKUMM B Memfly-
HapOflHblX CTaHflapTaX.
tiacTofluV1ti Me)KflyHapOatiblfi CTaHflapT COflepmHT BBeneHVIe vI CviCTeMy
onpefleneHW, Ha KoTopblx nocTpoeHa Teopwd 0nTwiecKoti nepefiaTorHoh
@~HK~wI. ~TVI onpe~enetim npeflc-rasnmm qacTb cnosapq B ~0T0p0~
onpeflenetibi Bce TepMwHbl, npPIMeHdeMbie rAe-nM6o B CTatiflapTe. OH TaKme
C0flepW-r nepe’ieHb OCHOBHblX COOTHOUleHVlti, KOTOpblMM OnTWeCKafI nepe-
flaTorHafi @~HK~wI cBfi3aHa c BpyrLIMH napaMeTpaMM, xapaKTepm3ytouMMM
M3o6pameHMe, a Tawe cBoflHblW nepeqeHb noHnTMM M 0603i-iaqeti~ti,
none3Hblx B pa6oTe c 0nTwecKoh nepeAaToqHofi +yHKuHeti.
MC0 93% coflepmMT KOHCTaTaL/WO np~HL(w-ioB IA npasw-i m3MepeHufi IA
npeflCTaBJ-leHVlR pe3yJlbTaTOB, B npVlH~/Ane npVlMeHVlMblX KO BCeM u3o6pa-
>KaK>uMM npM6opaM, nm KoTopbix 0rmrecKafi nepeflaTort-iafl +YHK~MR
MMeeT CMblCJ-l KaK nOHFlTMe.
BaxHo cnefiosa-rb ~TV~M npasvrnann flnfl o6ecnereHMn ToqHocTM nonyqaeMblx
pe3yJlbTaTOB. He fleJiaeTCFI HLlKaKLlX nOnblTOK npeflnlACaTb KOHKpeTHytO MeTO-
fll4Ky lA3MepeHlAR, nOCKOJ-lbKy npPlMeHPIM p5In MeTOflOB B 3aBMWlMOCTV1 OT
xapaKTepucTHK McnblTyeMoro npuidopa M i4Meoweticfl B pacnopfweHw4
annapaTypbr.
xi

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R) @ ISO
MC0 9336 nOflpa3~eneH Ha HeCKOJlbKO wcTei, Kamflaf! L/13 KOTOPblX
M3odpamatouMx CVICTeM w-w
nocsmjetia 0npeflenetitioMy maccy
cne~~anbtiotio6nacm npmetietwm.
OH OnMcbiBaeT flnFt Kamnoro Knacca orpaf-iwiewm M Mepbi npel-
OCMblUlWHblX pe3yJIbTaTOB
OCTOpO)KHOCTlA, 0npe~emto~He nonyrewe
vmepetim OnTwiecKOti t-iepeflaTOwioti @~I-K~IAM, IA flae-r Tpe6OBaHMR K
COCT~F~HMK) m306pa>r MeTpbi, KoTopbie mmoT tia @YHK~VIIO paccemim Toqtm ~1, cnenoBaTenbti0,
tia pe3ynbTaTbr vi3Mepetim 0nmiecKoM nepenaTowoti @ytiK~~~.
TaKafl upytuypa no3Bonm DanbHeiwee pa3mme cTat-iflapTa c i3uwieti~eM
HOBblX maccos~3o6pa>Kato~uxnpm6opoB.
xii

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
NORME INTERNATIONALE @ ISO
ISO 9334:1995(E/F/R)
MEX~YHAPOJJHbllh CTAHnAPT
Optics and Optical Optique et instruments OnTbwa VI onwiecwe
instruments - Optical d’optique - Fonction npvibopbi - OnTwiecKasi
transfer function - de transfert optique - nepenaToqHasi C#IYHKIJMFI
Definitions and Dbfinitions et relations - OnpefleneHbw M
mathematical mathematiques MaTeMaTul~ecKule
relationships COOTHOlUeHVl~
1 Domaine d’application 1 06nacTb flfWlMeHt?HWl
1 Scope
This International Standard defines La presente Norme internationale HacToR~Mti Me)KflyHapOnHblti CTaH-
terms relating to the Optical transfer definit les termes relatifs a Ia fonc- napT 0npenenaeT TepMuHbl, o~~ocfi-
function and indicates, where perti- tion de transfert optique et indique, uvrecfi K onTr4recKoM nepeflaTo+iofi
nent, the mathematical relation- s’il y a lieu, les relations mathemati- @~HK~VWI id B yMecTHblx cnyrafix
ships between those terms. lt also ques entre ces termes. Elle definit rlplABOfll4-r MaTeMaTVlYeCKlde COOTHO-
defines important Parameters that egalement les parametres les plus LlJeHLlR MeXfly 3TPlMV1 tlOHF1TWIMPl. OH
should be specified in connection importants qui doivent etre speci- -raMe 0npenenfle-r BamHble napaMe-
with Optical transfer function test- fies lors des essais de determina- Tpbl, KOTOpble flOJlmHbl yKa3blBaTbCFI B
Ing. tion de Ia fonction de transfert CBF13Vl C t’lCi-lblTaHt4fIMVl OllTWeCKOil
optique. nepenaTortiofi c#I~HKL_IVIM.
Table 1 lists the notation and units
for the major Parameters consid- Le tableau 1 enumere Ia notation et
B Ta6nrnue 1 neperHcneHbj @opMa
les unites des principaux parame-
ered in this International Standard 3anMcM M eflMtiMubi MsMepet+uH 6onb-
tres consideres dans Ia presente LWlHCTBa
and to be used in ISO 9335 and napaMeTpof3, paccrvia-
ISO 9336. Norme internationale et qui doivent TpMBaeMblX B HaCTORlJeM Mexny-
etre utilises dans I’ISO 9335 et HapOflHOM CTatiflapTe, KOTOp ble
The terms and Parameters defined I’ISO 9336. CnenyeT LlCllOnb30BaTb B L/1co 93% L’l
in this International Standard apply IACO 9336.
to all measurements of the Optical Les termes et parametres definis
transfer function for Optical, electro- dans Ia presente Norme internatio- Tepwwbi M napaMeTpbl, onpefle-
Optical and other imaging Systems. nale s’appliquent aux mesures de Ia neHHble B HaCTOfIueM MexflyHapon-
fonction de transfert optique impli- HOM CTatinap-re, pacnpocTpaHfitoTcfi
quant des systemes optiques, elec-
Ha vi3Mepetw 0nwiecKoti nepefla-
tro-optiques et d’autres dispositifs
Tortiok C$I~HKUWI onTw-iecK~x, 3neK-
de formation d’image. TpOOnTweCK~x ~/1 flpyrux m3o6pa-
XatO~MX CV1CTeM.
2 Normative references 2 Rhfhrences normatives 2 HOpMaTviBHble CCblflKUl
The following Standards contain
Les normes suivantes contiennent npPlBeneHHble CTaHflapTbl BKJllOYatOT
provisions which, through reference
des dispositions qui, par Suite de Ia nonomeHw4, Ha KoTopble BenaeTcH
in this text, constitute provisions of reference qui en est faite, consti- CCblnKa B TeKCTe L’l KOTOpble CTaHO-
BRTCR
this International Standard. At the tuent des dispositions valables pour ocHoBononarato~i4Mid
nnfi
time of publication, the editions in- Ia presente Norme internationale. HacTofiulero h/lexflytiapOfltioro Gat-i-
dicated were valid. All Standards are Au moment de Ia publication, les napTa. Ha MOMeHT ny6nHKauw
subject to revision, and Parties to editions indiquees etaient en vi- yKa3aHHble M3naHHfi RBnFu-ll4Cb ne&
agreements based on this Inter- gueur. Toute norme est sujette a CTBylOLL/VIMVl. JI1o6oti cTaHnapT non-
national Standard are encouraged revision et les Parties prenantes des BepraeTcfi nepechnoTpy, a cTopoHaM,
1

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO 9334: 1995( E/F/R) @ ISO
npMtikrMatouMM per.uet-iMfl no nepe-
to investigate the possibility of accords fondes sur Ia presente
c~oTpy tiacTofi~er0
applying the most recent editions of Norme internationale sont invitees a Mexnyr-rapon-
the Standards indicated below. rechercher Ia possibilite d’appliquer Hora CTariflapTa npennaraeTcfi
Members of IEC and ISO maintain les editions les plus recentes des kl3bICKaTb B03MO>KHOCTb llpl4MeHeHim
registers of currently valid Inter- norme
...