ISO/IEC 9646-3:1992

ISQIIEC
I NTE R NAT1 0 N AL
Sl-ANDARD
First edition
1992-1 0-01
f?
information technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - Conformance testing
methodology and framework ---
Part 3:
'The Tree and Tabular Combined Notation (TTCN)
Intercon/,exioti rie sysi6tnes oitverts --
Tecliriologies de l'information
Essais de confor-rnifë -- h/léiiJodologie gértfira/e et I)roc&dor es --
Partie 3: Notation combinée arborescente et taliillair e (T7%N)
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9646-3:1902(E)

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ISOAEC 9646-3 : 1992(E)
Page
Contents
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3Definitions . 2
3.1 Basic terms from ISO/IEC 9646-1 . 2
3.2 Terms from IS0 7498 . 3
3.3 Terms from ISO/TR 8509 . 4
3.4 Terms from lSO/lEC 8824 . 4
3.5 Terms from lSO/iEC 8825 . 4
3.6 TTCN specific terms . 4
4Abbreviations . 6
4.1 Abbreviations defined in ISO/IEC 9646-1 . 6
4.2 Abbreviations defined in ISO/IEC 9646-2 . 7
4.3 Other abbreviations . 7
5 The syntax forms of TTCN . 7
6Compliance . 8
7Conventions . 8
7.1 Introduction . 8
7.2 Syntactic metanotation . 8
7.3 TTCN.GR table proformas . 9
7.3.1 Introduction . 9
7.3.2 Single TTCN object tables . 9
7.3.3 Multiple TTCN object tables . 10
7.3.4 Alternative compact tables . 10
7.3.5 Specification of proformas . 10
7.4 Free Text and Bounded Free Text . 10
8 TTCN test suite structure . 11
8.1 Introduction . 11
8.2 Test Group References . 11
8.3 Test Step Group References . 11
8.4 Default Group References . 11
8.5 Components of a TTCN test suite . 12
QTest SuiteOverview . 12
9.1 Introduction . 12
9.2 Test Suite Structure . 12
9.3TestCaselndex . 14
9.4 Test Step Index . 15
9.5 Default Index . 15
10 Declarations Part . 17
10.1 Introduction . 17
10.2TTCNtypes . 17
10.2.1 Introduction . 17
10.2.2 Predefined TTCN types . 17
10.2.3 Test Suite Type Definitions . 19
10.2.3.1 Introduction . 19
10.2.3.2 Simple Type Definitions using tables . 19
10.2.3.3 Structured Type Definitions using tables . 20
................. 21
10.2.3.4 Test suite type definitions using ASN.l
10.2.3.5 ASN.l Type Definitions by Reference . 22
10.3 TTCN operators and TTCN operations . 24
10.3.1 Introduction . 24
O ISOAEC 1992
All rights reserved . No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical.
including photocopying and microfilm. without permission in writing from the publisher .
ISOAEC Copyright Office Case Postale 56 CH-121 1 Genève 20 Switzerland . Printed in Switzerland .
ii

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ISOAEC 9646-3 : 1992( E)
10.3.2 TTCN operators . 24
10.3.2.1 Introduction . 24
10.3.2.2 Predefined arithmetic operators . 24
....................... 24
10.3.2.3 Predefined relational operators
10.3.2.4 Predefined Boolean operators . 25
10.3.3 Predefined operations . 25
10.3.3.1 Introduction . 25
10.3.3.2 Predefined conversion operations . 25
10.3.3.3 Other predefined operations . 26
10.3.4 Test Suite Operation Definitions . 27
10.4 Test Suite Parameter Declarations . 29
10.5 Test Case Selection Expression Definitions . 29
10.6 Test Suite Constant Declarations . 30
10.7 TTCN variables . 31
10.7.1 Test Suite Variable Declarations . 31
10.7.2 Binding of Test Suite Variables . 32
10.7.3 Test Case Variable Declarations . 32
.......................... 33
10.7.4 Binding of Test Case Variables
10.8 PCO Declarations . 33
10.9 Timer Declarations . 34
10.10 ASP Type Definitions . 35
10.10.1 introduction . 35
10.10.2 ASP Type Definitions using tables . 35
10.10.3 Use of Structured Types within ASP Type Definitions . 37
10.10.4 ASP Type Definitions using ASN.l . 37
10.10.5 ASN.l ASP Type Definitions by Reference . 38
10.11 PDU Type Definitions . 39
10.1 1.1 Introduction . 39
10.11.2 PDU Type Definitions using tables . 39
10.11.3 Use of Structured Types within PDU definitions . 41
10.11.4 PDU Type Definitions using ASN.l . 41
10.11.5 ASN.l PDU Type Definitions by Reference . 43
10.12 String length specifications . 43
10.13 ASP and PDU Definitions for SEND events . 44
10.14 ASP and PDU Definitions for RECEIVE events . 44
10.15 Alias Definitions . 45
10.15.1 Introduction . 45
10.1 5.2 Expansion of Aliases . 45
11 ConstraintsPart . 46
11.1 Introduction . 46
11.2 General principles . 46
11.3 Parameterization of constraints . . . 46
11.4 Chaining of constraints . 47
11.5 Constraints for SEND events . 47
11.6 Constraints for RECEIVE events . 47
11.6.1 Matching values . 47
11.6.2 Matching mechanisms . 47
11.6.3 Specific Value . 48
11.6.4 Instead of Value . 49
11.6.4.1 Complement . 49
11.6.4.2 Omit . 49
11.6.4.3AnyValue . 49
11.6.4.4 AnyOrOmit . 49
11.6.4.5 ValueList . 50
11.6.4.6Range . 50
11.6.4.7 SuperSet . 50
11.6.4.8 Subset . 51
11.6.5 Inside Values . 51
11.6.5.1 Anyone . 51
11.6.5.2AnyOrNone . 51
11.6.5.3 Permutation . 52

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ISO/IEC 9646-3 : 1992(E)
11.6.6.1 Length . 52
11.6.6.2 IfPresent . 53
12 Specification of constraints using tables . 53
12.1 Introduction . 53
12.2 Structured Type Constraint Declarations . 53
12.3 ASP Constraint Declarations . 54
12.4 PDU Constraint Declarations . 55
12.5 Parameterization of constraints . 57
....................... 57
12.6 Base constraints and modified constraints
12.7 Formal parameter lists in modified constraints . 57
13 Specification of constraints using ASN.1 . 58
13.1 Introduction . 58
13.2 ASN.l Type Constraint Declarations . 58
13.3 ASN.l ASP Constraint Declarations . 59
13.4 ASN.l PDU Constraint Declarations . 60
13.5 Parameterized ASN.l constraints . 61
13.6 Modified ASN.l constraints . 61
13.7 Formal parameter lists in modified ASN.l constraints . 61
13.8ASP Parameter and PDU field names within ASN.l constraints . 61
14TheDynamicPart . 63
14.1lntroduction . 63
14.2 Test Case dynamic behaviour . 63
14.2.1 Specification of the Test Case Dynamic Behaviour table . 63
14.2.2 The Test Case Dynamic Behaviour proforma . 64
14.2.3 Structure of the Test Case behaviour . 65
14.2.4 Line numbering and continuation . 65
14.3 Test Step dynamic behaviour . 66
14.3.1 Specification of the Test Step Dynamic Behaviour table . 66
14.3.2 The Test Step Dynamic Behaviour proforma . 66
14.4 Default dynamic behaviour . 67
14.4.1 Default behaviour . 67
14.4.2 Specification of the Default Dynamic Behaviour table . 68
14.4.3 The Default Dynamic Behaviour proforma . 68
14.5 The behaviour description . 69
14.6 The tree notation . 69
14.7 Tree names and parameter lists . 70
14.7.1 Introduction . 70
14.7.2Trees with parameters . 70
14.8 TTCN statements . 70
14.9 TTCN test events . 71
14.9.1 Sending and receiving events . 71
14.9.2 Receiving events . 71
14.9.3 Sending events . 71
14.9.4 Lifetime of events . 71
14.9.5 Execution of the behaviour tree . 72
14.9.5.1 Introduction . 72
14.9.5.2 The concept of snapshot semantics . 73
14.9.5.3 Restrictions on using events . 73
14.9.6 The IMPLICIT SEND event . 74
14.9.7 The OTHERWISE event . 75
14.9.8 The TIMEOUT event . 75
14.10 TTCN expressions . 76
14.10.1 Introduction . 76
14.10.2 References for ASN.l defined data objects . 77
14.10.3 References for data objects defined using tables . 78
14.10.4 Assignments . 78
14.1 0.4.1 Introduction . 78
14.10.4.2 Assignment rules for string types . 78
14.10.5 Qualifiers . 79
14.10.6 Event lines with assignments and qualifiers . 79
14.1 1 Pseudo-events . 80
14.12 Timer management . 80

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ISO/IEC 9646-3 : 1992(E)
14.1 2.1 Introduction . 80
14.12.2 The START operation . 80
14.12.3 The CANCEL operation . 81
14.12.4 The READ TIMER operation . 81
14.13 The ATTACH construct . 82
14.1 3.1 Introduction . 82
14.13.2 Scope of tree attachment . 82
14.13.3 Tree attachment basics . 82
14.13.4 The meaning of tree attachment . 83
14.13.5 Passing parameterized constraints . 85
14.13.6 Recursive tree attachment . 85
14.13.7 Tree attachment and Defaults . 85
14.14 Labels and the GOT0 construct . 85
14.15 The REPEAT construct . 86
14.16 The Constraints Reference . 87
14.16.1 Purpose of the Constraints Reference column . 87
14.16.2 Passing parameters in Constraint References . 87
14.16.3 Constraints and qualifiers and assignments . 88
14.17 Verdicts . 88
14.17.1 Introduction . 88
14.17.2 Preliminary results . 88
14.17.3 Final verdict . 89
14.17.4 Verdicts and OTHERWISE . 89
14.18 The meaning of Defaults . 89
14.1 8.1 Introduction . 89
14.18.2 Defaults and tree attachment . 90
14.19 Default References . 92
15Pagecontinuation . 94
15.1 Page continuation of TTCN tables . 94
15.2 Page continuation of dynamic behaviour tables . 94
Annexes
A (normative) Syntax and static semantics of TTCN . 96
A.1lntroduction . 96
A.2 Conventions for the syntax description . 96
A.2.1 Syntactic metanotation . 96
A.2.2 TTCN.MP syntax definitions . 96
A.3 The lTCN.MP syntax productions in BNF . 98
A.3.1 Test suite . 98
A.3.2 The Test Suite Overview . 98
A.3.2.1 General . 98
A.3.2.2 Test Suite Structure . 98
A.3.2.3 Test Case Index . 98
A.3.2.4 Test Step index . 98
A.3.2.5 Default Index . 98
A.3.3 The Declarations Part . 98
A.3.3.1 General . 98
A.3.3.2 Definitions . 99
A.3.3.2.1 General . 99
A.3.3.2.2 Test Suite Type Definitions . 99
A.3.3.2.3 Simple Type Definitions . 99
A.3.3.2.4 Structured Type Definitions . 99
A.3.3.2.5ASN.l Type Definitions . 100
A.3.3.2.6 ASN.l Type Definitions by Reference . 100
A.3.3.2.7 Test Suite Operation Definitions . 100
A.3.3.3 Parameterization and Selection . 100
A.3.3.3.1 General . 100
A.3.3.3.2 Test Suite Parameter Declarations . 101
A.3.3.3.3 Test Case Selection Expression Definitions . 101
A.3.3.4 Declarations . 101
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ISOAEC 9646-3 : 1992(E)
A.3.3.4.1 General . 101
................. 101
A.3.3.4.2 Test Suite Constant Declarations
A.3.3.4.3 Test Suite Variable Declarations . 101
A.3.3.4.4 Test Case Variable Declarations . 101
A.3.3.4.5 PCO Declarations . 102
A.3.3.4.6 Timer Declarations . 102
A.3.3.5 ASP and PDU Type Definitions . 102
A.3.3.5.1 General . 102
A.3.3.5.2 ASP Type Definitions . 102
A.3.3.5.3 Tabular ASP Type Definitions . 102
A.3.3.5.4 ASN.l ASP Type Definitions . 103
A.3.3.5.5 ASN.l ASP Type Definitions by Reference . 103
A.3.3.5.6 PDU Type Definitions . 103
A.3.3.5.7 Tabular PDU Type Definitions . 103
A.3.3.5.8 ASN.l PDU Type Definitions . 104
A.3.3.5.9 ASN.1 PDU Type Definitions by Reference . 104
A.3.3.5.10 Alias Definitions . 104
A.3.4 The Constraints Part . 104
A.3.4.1 General . 104
A.3.4.2 Test Suite Type Constraint Declarations . 104
A.3.4.3 Structured Type Constraint Declarations . 104
A.3.4.4 ASN.l Type Constraint Declarations . 104
A.3.4.5 ASP Constraint Declarations . 105
A.3.4.6 Tabular ASP Constraint Declarations . 105
A.3.4.7 ASN.l ASP Constraint Declarations . 105
A.3.4.8 PDU Constraint Declarations . 105
A.3.4.9 Tabular PDU Constraint Declarations . 105
A.3.4.10 ASN.l PDU Constraint Declarations . 107
A.3.5 The Dynamic Pari . 107
A.3.5.1 General . 107
A.3.5.2 Test Cases . 107
A.3.5.3 Test Step Library . 108
A.3.5.4 Default Library . 108
A.3.5.5 Behaviour descriptions . 108
A.3.5.6 Behaviour lines . 109
A.3.5.7 TTCN statements . 109
A.3.5.8 Expressions . 110
A.3.5.9 Timer operations . 112
A.3.6 Types . 112
A.3.6.1 General . 112
A.3.6.2 Predefined types . 112
A.3.6.3 Referenced types . 112
A.3.7Values . 112
A.3.8 Miscellaneous productions . 113
A.4 General static semantics requirements . 114
A.4.1 Introduction . 114
A.4.2 Uniqueness of identifiers . 114
A.5 Differences between TTCN.GR and TTCN.MP . 117
A.5.1 Differences in syntax . 117
A.5.2 Additional static semantics in the TTCN.MP . 117
B (normative) Operational semantics of TTCN . 118
B.l Introduction . 118
B.2Precedence . 118
B.3 Processing of test case errors . 118
BA Transformation algorithms . 119
13.4.1 Introduction . 119
8.4.2 Appending default behaviour . 119
64.3 Removal of REPEAT constructs . 120
6.4.4 Expanding ATTACHED trees . 120
8.5 TTCN operational semantics . 121
8.5.1 Introduction . 121
6.5.2 Introduction to the pseudo-code notation . 121
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ISO/IEC 9646-3 : 1992(E)
B.5.3 Execution of a test case . 121
8.5.3.1 Execution of a Test Case . pseudo-code . 121
B.5.3.2 Execution of a Test Case . natural language
description . 122
B.5.4 Functions for TTCN events . 123
B.5.4.1 Functions for TTCN events . pseudo-code . 123
8.5.4.2 Functions for TTCN events . natural language
description . 123
B.5.5 Execution of the SEND event . 123
B.5.5.1 Execution of the SEND event . pseudo-code . 123
B.5.5.2 Execution of the SEND event . natural language
description . 124
B.5.6 Execution of the RECEIVE event . 124
8.5.6.1 Execution of the RECEIVE event . pseudo-code . 124
8.5.6.2 Execution of the RECEIVE event . natural language
description . 125
B.5.7 Execution of the OTHERWISE event . 126
B.5.7.1 Execution of the OTHERWISE event . pseudo-code . 126
B.5.7.2 Execution of the OTHERWISE event . natural
language description . 126
B.5.8 Execution of the TIMEOUT event . 127
8.5.8.1 Execution of the TIMEOUT event . pseudo-code . 127
B.5.8.2 Execution of the TIMEOUT event . natural language
description . 127
B.5.9 Execution of the IMPLICIT SEND event . 128
B.5.9.1 Execution of the IMPLICIT SEND event . pseudo-code . 128
8.5.9.2 Execution of IMPLICIT SEND . natural language
description . 128
8.5.10 Execution of the PSEUDO-EVENT . 128
B.5.10.1 Execution of PSEUDO-EVENTS . pseudo-code . 128
B.5.10.2 Execution of PSEUDO-EVENTS . natural language
description . 129
8.5.11 Execution of BOOLEAN expressions . 129
B.5.11.1 Execution of BOOLEAN expressions . pseudo-code . 129
8.5.1 1.2 Execution of BOOLEAN expressions . natural
language description . 129
8.5.12 Execution of ASSIGNMENTS . 129
8.5.12.1 Execution of EXECUTE-ASSIGNMENT . pseudo-code . 129
B.5.12.2 Execution of ASSIGNMENTS . natural language
description . 130
6.5.13 Execution of TIMER operations . 130
8.5.13.1 Execution of TIMER operations . pseudo-code . 130
B.5.13.2 Execution of START timer . natural language
description . 130
B.5.13.3 CANCEL timer . natural language description . 131
B.5.13.4 READTIMER . natural language description . 131
8.5.14 Functions for TTCN constructs . 131
B.5.14.1 Functions for TTCN constructs . pseudo-code . 131
B.5.14.2 Functions for TTCN constructs . natural language
description . 131
8.5.15 Execution of the GOTO construct . 132
B.5.15.1 Execution of the GOTO construct . pseudo-code . 132
B.5.15.2 Execution of the GOTO construct . natural language
description . 132
B.5.16 The VERDICT . 132
B.5.16.1 The VERDICT . pseudo-code . 132
B.5.16.2 The VERDICT . natural language description . 132
8.5.17 The Conformance Log . 133
B.5.17.1 The LOG . pseudo-code . 133
B.5.17.2 The conformance log . natural language description .
133
B.5.18 Other miscellaneous functions used by the pseudo-code . 133
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ISO/IEC 9646-3 : 1992(E)
C (normative) Compact proformas . 135
C.l Introduction . 135
C.2 Compact proformas for constraints . 135
C.2.1 Requirements . 135
C.2.2 Compact proformas for ASP constraints . 135
C.2.3 Compact proformas for PDU constraints . 136
C.2.3.1 Introduction . 136
.................... 137
C.2.3.2 Parameterized compact constraints
.......... 138
C.2.4 Compact proformas for Structured Type constraints
C.2.5 Compact proformas for ASN.l constraints . 140
C.3 Compact proforma for Test Cases . 141
C.3.1 Requirements . 141
C.3.2 Compact proforma for Test Case dynamic behaviours . 141
D (informative) Examples . 143
D.l Examples of tabular constraints . 143
D.l.l ASP and PDU definitions . 143
D.1.2 ASP/PDU constraints . 144
D.2 Examples of ASN1 constraints . 147
D.2.1 ASP and PDU definitions . 147
D.2.2 ASN.l ASP/PDU constraints . 148
D.2.3 Further examples of ASN.l constraints . 152
D.3 Base and modified constraints . 154
D.4 Type definition using macros . 155
D.5 Use of REPEAT . 156
D.6 Test suite operations . 157
D.7 Example of a Test Suite Overview . 157
D.8 Example of a Test Case in lTCN.MP Form . 159
E (informative) Style guide . 162
E.l Introduction . 162
E.2 Test case structure . 162
E.3 Use of TTCN with different abstract test methods . 163
E.3.1 Introduction . 163
E.3.2 lTCN and the LS test method . 163
E.3.3 TTCN and the DS test method . 163
E.3.4 lTCN and the CS test method . 163
E.3.5 lTCN and the RS test method . 164
E.4 Use of Defaults . 164
E.5 Limiting the execution time of a Test Case . 164
E.6 Structured Types . 164
E.7 Abbreviations . 165
.......................................... 165
E.8 Test descriptions
................................ 165
E.9 Assignments on SEND events
E.10 Multi-service PCOs . 165
F (informative) Summary of differences between Draft International Standard
........................ 166
and International Standard versions of TTCN
F.l Summary of differences . 166
F.l.l General . 166
F.1.2 Convergence with ASN.l . 166
F.1.3 Static semantics . 166
F.1.4 Table layout . 166
F.1.5 Test suite overview . 166
.......................................... 166
F.1.6 Declarations
F.1.7 Constraints . 167
F.1.8Behaviourpart . 167
F.1.9 Verdicts. defaults and OTHERWISE . 167
F.2 Summaryof major changes . 168
0 (informative) List of BNF production numbers . 169
0.1 Introduction . 169
0.2 The production index . 169
of part 3 . 173
H (informative) Index
H.l Introduction . 173
H.2Thelndex . 173
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ISO/IEC 9646-3 : 1992(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the
International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system
for worldwide standardization. National b
...