ISO/TR 23016-5
(Main)Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 5: Practical data collection to promote the germination of typical vegetable seeds using ultrafine bubbles
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 5: Practical data collection to promote the germination of typical vegetable seeds using ultrafine bubbles
Technologie des fines bulles — Applications agricoles — Partie 5: Collecte de données pratiques pour favoriser la germination de graines de légumes types par l'utilisation de bulles ultrafines
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FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/DTR 23016-5
ISO/TC 281
Fine bubble technology —
Secretariat: JISC
Agricultural applications —
Voting begins on:
2024-05-21
Part 5:
Practical data collection to promote
Voting terminates on:
2024-07-16
the germination of typical vegetable
seeds using ultrafine bubbles
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WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
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TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/DTR 23016-5:2024(en) © ISO 2024
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/DTR 23016-5:2024(en)
Technical
Report
ISO/DTR 23016-5
ISO/TC 281
Fine bubble technology —
Secretariat: JISC
Agricultural applications —
Voting begins on:
Part 5:
Practical data collection to promote
Voting terminates on:
the germination of typical vegetable
seeds using ultrafine bubbles
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DTR 23016-5:2024(en) © ISO 2024
ii
ISO/DTR 23016-5:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test subjects . 1
5 Judgement of significant difference in T . 2
6 Seeds and measurement device . . 2
6.1 Seeds for germination test .2
6.2 Measurement device for UFB size and concentration .2
6.3 Examination range of UFB number concentration for vegetable seeds and adjustment
of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) .2
7 Test data . 3
7.1 General .3
7.2 Carrot seeds of positive photoblastic .3
7.3 Tomato seeds of negative photoblastic .4
7.4 Spinach seeds of neutral photoblastic .5
7.5 Effect of DO (Dissolved oxygen concentration) .6
7.6 Effect of UFB number concentration . .7
7.7 Presence or absence of seed size effect on the promotion by UFB .8
7.7.1 General .8
7.7.2 Carrot seed of comparatively large size .8
7.7.3 Carrot seed of comparatively small size .9
8 Suggestion . 10
Annex A (informative) Example of measured UFB data of size distribution and number
concentration of UFB used in this document .11
Annex B (informative) 95 % confidence intervals of T values corresponding to Figures 1 to 7. 14
Bibliography .21
iii
ISO/DTR 23016-5:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23016 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/DTR 23016-5:2024(en)
Introduction
The market for technologies using fine bubbles has been rapidly growing in many applications throughout
the industrial, domestic, and academic sectors. Especially, application of ultrafine bubble (UFB) technology
to the agricultural area is arousing great interest. It is thought to be one of the advanced technologies
improving the productivity and efficiency of agriculture, thereby contributing to the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by means of providing sufficient food and maintaining water
resources on land, as an example.
In this context, ISO 23016-2:2019 has been published, describing the test method for promoting barley seed
germination by application of a UFB water generation system. Although the promotion of germination of
barley seed is closely related to UFB number concentration, effects of the concentration were not specified
at that time.
Thus, in order to provide users with a guideline for selecting an appropriate UFB generation system,
ISO/TR 23016-3:2021 has been published to indicate the minimum viable number concentration of ultrafine
bubbles that promotes the germination of barley seeds.
Furthermore, based on the continual accumulation of data revealing positive and negative effects of UFB on
germination depending on the variety of barley seeds, ISO 23016-4 has been published to provide a method
to evaluate the UFB number concentration ensuring the promotion of germination of the barley seeds
without taking into account their varieties.
This document describes the data collected from the experimental observations on applying UFB water to
promote the germination of vegetable seeds, based on ISO 23016-2, ISO/TR 23016-3 and ISO 23016-4. It was
developed to support the application of the UFB technology to vegetables specially grown in hydroponic
culture system, which market is quite large and still growing.
v
FINAL DRAFT Technical Report ISO/DTR 23016-5:2024(en)
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications —
Part 5:
Practical data collection to promote the germination of
typical vegetable seeds using ultrafine bubbles
1 Scope
This document provides practical data collection of promoting the germination of typical vegetable
seeds by applying ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) within the effective number concentrations for barley seeds
specified in ISO 23016-2, ISO/TR 23016-3 and ISO 23016-4. While the application of UFB to barley seeds is
systematically standardized, reports on UFB application to vegetable seeds germination are scattered
worldwide. Therefore, this document intends to illustrate the effectiveness of UFBs to promote the
germination of vegetable seeds depending on their response to light, i.e.:
a) require light to germinate (positive photoblastic),
b) require darkness to germinate (negative photoblastic), and
[1]
c) neutral to light .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23016-2, Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 2: Test method for evaluating the
promotion of the germination of barley seeds
ISO/TR 23016-3, Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 3: Guidelines for the minimum
viable number concentration of ultrafine bubbles for promoting the germination of barley seeds
ISO 23016-4, Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 4: Test method for evaluating the
number concentration of ultrafine bubbles (UFB) achieving the promotion of barley seed germination
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23016-2, ISO/TR 23016-3 and
ISO 23016-4 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Test subjects
The items subjected to the test are air UFB water stored in bottles or other containers for preservation and
transport in accordance with ISO 21255, and the UFB gen
...
ISO/DTR 23016-5
ISO /TC 281/WG 3
Secretariat: JISC
Fine bubble technology —
— Agricultural applications — —
Part 5:
Practical data collection of promotingto promote the germination of
typical vegetable seeds using ultrafine bubbles
DTR stage
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandon netBlandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
iv
Contents
Foreword . vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test subjects . 2
5 Judgement of significant difference in T . 2
6 Seeds and measurement device . 2
6.1 Seeds for germination test . 2
6.2 Measurement device for UFB size and concentration . 2
6.3 Examination range of UFB number concentration for vegetable seeds and
adjustment of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) . 2
7 Test data . 3
7.1 General . 3
7.2 Carrot seeds of positive photoblastic . 3
7.3 Tomato seeds of negative photoblastic . 5
7.4 Spinach seeds of neutral photoblastic . 6
7.5 Effect of DO (Dissolved oxygen concentration) . 8
7.6 Effect of UFB number concentration . 9
7.7 Presence or absence of seed size effect on the promotion by UFB . 11
7.7.1 General . 11
7.7.2 Carrot seed of comparatively large size . 12
7.7.3 Carrot seed of comparatively small size . 13
8 Suggestion . 15
Annex A (informative) Example of measured UFB data of size distribution and number
concentration of UFB used in this document . 16
Annex B (informative) 95 % confidence intervals of T values corresponding to Figures 1
to 7 . 20
Bibliography . 32
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test subjects . 1
5 Judgement of significant difference in T . 2
6 Seeds and Measurement device . 2
v
6.1 Seeds for germination test . 2
6.2 Measurement device for UFB size and concentration . 2
6.3 Examination range of UFB number concentration for vegetable seeds and adjustment of
DO . 2
7 Measurement data . 2
7.1 General . 2
7.2 Carrot seeds of positive photoblastic . 3
7.3 Tomato seeds of negative photoblastic . 4
7.4 Spinach seeds of neutral photoblastic . 5
7.5 Effect of DO (Dissolved oxygen concentration) . 6
7.6 Effect of UFB number concentration. 7
7.7 Presence or absence of seed size effect on the promotion by UFB . 8
7.7.1 General . 8
7.7.2 Carrot seed comparatively large size . 8
7.7.3 Carrot seed comparatively small size . 9
8 Suggestion . 11
Annex A (informative) Example of measured UFB data of size distribution and number
concentration of UFB used in this technical report . 12
Annex B (informative) 95% confidence intervals of T values corresponding to Figure 1 to
6 . 14
Bibliography . 21
vi
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Field Code Changed
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23016 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
.
vii
Introduction
The market for technologies using fine bubbles havehas been rapidly growing in many applications
throughout the industrial, domestic, and academic sectors. Especially, application of ultrafine bubble
(UFB) technology to the agricultural area areis arousing great interest, because it. It is thought that they
are the partto be one of the advanced technologies improving the productivity and efficiency of
agriculture. Consequently, this is in line with the promotion of, thereby contributing to the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by means of providing sufficient food and maintaining water
resources on land, as an example.
In the light of the current situation aboveIn this context, ISO 23016-2:2019 has been published,
describing the test method for promoting barley seed germination by application of a UFB water
generation system. Although the promotion of germination of barley seed is closely related to UFB
number concentration, effects of the concentration were not specified in it. at that time.
Thus, in order to provide users with a guideline for selecting an appropriate UFB generation system,
ISO/TR 23016-3: 2021 has been published to indicate the minimum viable number concentration of
ultrafine bubbles that promotes the germination of barley seeds.
Furthermore, based on the continual accumulation of data revealing a positive/ and negative effecteffects
of UFB on germination appears depending on the variety of barley seedseeds, ISO 23016-4 has been
published to provide a method to evaluate the UFB number concentration assuringensuring the
promotion of germination of the barley seeds without taking into account their varieties.
This document describes the data collected data indicatingfrom the experimental observations on
applying UFB water to promote the germination of vegetable seeds, based on the ISO 23016-2, ISO/TR
23016-3 and ISO 23016-4. This will contributeIt was developed to extendsupport the application of the
UFB technology to vegetables sp
...
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