ISO/PRF 10454

ISO/TC 31/SC 4
Secretariat: UNI
Date:
Truck and bus tyres — Verifying tyre capabilities — Laboratory test
methods
Pneumatiques pour camions et autobus — Vérification de l'aptitude des pneumatiques — Méthodes d'essai en
laboratoire
PROOF
ISO #####-#:####(X/PRF 10454:2025(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
Interiinal
ISO /PRF 10454:20242025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test equipment . 3
5 Testing . 4
5.1 Strength test . 4
5.2 Endurance test for tyres with speed category 150 km/h or below . 5
5.3 High-speed performance test for LT/C tyres . 7
6 Requirements . 9
6.1 Test sample . 9
6.2 Strength test . 9
6.3 Endurance test . 10
6.4 High-speed performance test for LT/C tyres with speed category 150 km/h or below . 10
6.5 High-speed performance test for LT/C tyres with speed category 160 km/h or above . 10
Annex A (informative) Old test conditions for tyres with non-standard marking . 11

iii
ISO #####-#:####(X/PRF 10454:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 31, Tyres, rims and valves, Subcommittee SC 4,
Truck and bus tyres and rims.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10454:1993), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — the endurance test for tyres with speed symbol Q and above is replaced by the high-speed performance
test for light commercial vehicle (LT/C) tyres in 5.35.3;;
— — test conditions for tyres with speed symbol E and load index > 121 and speed symbol N are introduced
in the endurance test in Table 3Table 3;;
— — test conditions for drums with diameters different than 1,7 m are introduced in the endurance test in
Table 3Table 3;;
— — the description of the strength test in 5.15.1. is revised;
— — tyres that are not marked with load indices are considered.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
Interivnal
Truck and bus tyres — Verifying tyre capabilities — Laboratory test
methods
1 Scope
This document specifies laboratory test methods for verifying the capabilities of truck and bus tyres. Of the
test methods presented, only some will be required, depending on the type of tyre to be tested.
This document applies to all truck and bus tyres.
The test methods presented in this document do not apply to the gradation of tyre performance or quality
levels.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4209--1, Truck and bus tyres and rims (metric series) — Part 1: Tyres
ISO 4223--1, Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industry — Part 1: Pneumatic tyres
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4223-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
bead separation
breakdown of bond between components in the bead area
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.1]
3.2 3.2
belt separation
parting of rubber compound between belt layers or between belts and plies
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.2]
3.3 3.3
chunking
breaking away of pieces of either the tread or the sidewall, or both
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.3, modified by adding — "breaking away of pieces of the sidewall]" added.]
3.4 3.4
cord separation
parting of the cords from their rubber coating
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.4]
3.5 3.5
cracking
any parting within the tread, sidewall or innerliner of the tyre that may extend to cord material
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.5]
3.6 3.6
innerliner separation
parting of innerliner from cord material in the carcass
3.7 3.7
maximum load rating
reference mass corresponding to the load index used to define the load capacity of the tyre or the maximum
load marked on the tyre
3.8 3.8
open splice
any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall or innerliner that extends to cord material
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.11]
3.9 3.9
ply separation
parting of adjacent plies
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.7]
3.10 3.10
sidewall separation
parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall
3.11 3.11
special tread tyre
tyre with a tread pattern that is primarily designed to provide satisfactory performance under special service
conditions
Note 1 to entry: Examples of special service conditions are mixed on- and off-road use or use on city busses.
3.12 3.12
test rim
any rim on which a tyre is allowed to be fitted which conforms to the dimensions of the recommended rims
for the particular tyre designation and type
[Alternative proposal: any rim on which a tyre is allowed to be fitted in accordance with ISO 4209-1 and whose
contour is one of those specified for the fitment of the test tyre]
3.13 3.13
test drum speed
peripheral speed of the steel test drum
3.14 3.14
tread separation
pulling away of the tread from the tyre carcass
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
Inter2nal
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.9]
3.15 3.15
light-truck or commercial tyre
LT/C tyre
tyre designed primarily for light-duty trucks and cargo vans and marked with "LT", "C" or "CP"
3.16 3.16
reference test inflation pressure
minimum cold inflation pressure for the maximum load rating of the tyre in single formation
3.17 3.17
speed symbol
letter code reported in Table 1Table 1 which defines the maximum speed which the tyre can sustain
Table 1 — Speed symbols
Corresponding speed
Speed symbol
km/h
E 70
F 80
G 90
J 100
K 110
L 120
M 130
N 140
P 150
Q 160
R 170
S 180
T 190
U 200
H 210
4 Test equipment
The test equipment consists of items in 4.14.1 to 4.34.3.
4.1 4.1 Test drum, cylindrical driven flywheel (drum) having a diameter of 1,7 m ± ± 1 % or 2 m
± ± 1 % or, for the endurance test specified in 5.25.2. having a larger diameter.
The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel. The width of the test surface shall be equal to or exceed the
overall width of the test tyre.
For the test drum, the loading device may be a dead-weight cantilevered system with a hydraulic or pneumatic
system. The accuracy shall be within ± 1,5 % of the full scale.
For the test drum, the speed capability of the equipment shall be adequate for the requirements of the test
+2
methods. The accuracy of the test drum speed shall be within  km/h at the full scale.
4.2 4.2 Plunger, cylindrical steel plunger of sufficient length with a hemispherical end and a diameter
as shown in Table 2Table 2,, with reference to the tyre load index.
For the plunger equipment, the loading device shall permit gradual application of the force. Indicators of
displacement and of force shall be provided with an accuracy within ± 1 % of full scale.
For the plunger equipment, the speed of the displacement shall be controlled with an accuracy within ± 3 %
of the full scale.
Table 2 — Plunger diameter
Dimensions in millimetres
Plunger diameter
Load index in single formation
± 0,5
≤ 121 19
122 – 134 32
≥ 135 38
4.3 4.3 Inflation pressure gauges, with a maximum scale value which is at least 100 kPa larger
than the test inflation pressure of the tyre under test with an accuracy within +20 kPa.
5 Testing
5.1 Strength test
This test is used for assessing the capability of the tyre structure, with respect to breaking energy, in the tread
area.
5.1.1 Preparation of tyre
5.1.1.1 5.1.1.1 Mount the tyre on a test rim and inflate it to the minimum pressure specified
for the maximum load rating in single formation, or maximum dual load, where they differ.
5.1.1.2 5.1.1.2 An inner tube of the same size shall be used for all measurements on tube-type
tyres and may be used in tubeless tyres.
5.1.1.3 5.1.1.3 Maintain the assembly at test room temperature for at least 3 h.
5.1.2.01.1.1.1 Test procedure
5.1.2 5.1.2.1 Test procedure
5.1.2.1 Clean the plunger prior to each test using a clean, soft cloth and a water-soluble rubber lubricant or
water-miscible solvent. Wipe completely dry and clean off any residue or foreign matter. Clean the tyre prior
to each test using a clean, dry, soft cloth.
5.1.2.2 5.1.2.2 Readjust the tyre pressure to that specified in 5.1.1.15.1.1.1 and mount the
assembly on a fixture.
5.1.2.3 5.1.2.3 Position the plunger as near to the centreline as possible, avoiding penetration
into the tread grooves, and force the plunger perpendicularly into the tread at a rate of 50 mm/min
± ± 2,5 mm/min.
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
Inter4nal
5.1.2.4 5.1.2.4 Record the force and penetration at the moment of breaking (see also
5.1.2.85.1.2.8)) at each of five test points approximately equally spaced around the circumference of the tyre.
Check the pressure before moving to the next test point.
5.1.2.5 5.1.2.5 If the tyre fails to break before the plunger is stopped on reaching the rim and
the required minimum breaking energy is not achieved, then record the force and penetration at the moment
the rim is reached and use these values to compute the breaking energy.
5.1.2.6 5.1.2.6 Compute the breaking energy, W, in joules for each
...