IEC 60099-4:2014

IEC 60099-4 ®
Edition 3.0 2014-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Surge arresters –
Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems

Parafoudres –
Partie 4: Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateur pour réseaux à courant
alternatif
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IEC 60099-4 ®
Edition 3.0 2014-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Surge arresters –
Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems

Parafoudres –
Partie 4: Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateur pour réseaux à courant

alternatif
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XH
ICS 29.120.50; 29.240.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-1646-0

– 2 – IEC 60099-4:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 11
INTRODUCTION . 14
1 Scope . 15
2 Normative references . 15
3 Terms and definitions . 16
4 Identification and classification . 26
4.1 Arrester identification . 26
4.2 Arrester classification . 26
5 Standard ratings and service conditions . 27
5.1 Standard rated voltages . 27
5.2 Standard rated frequencies . 27
5.3 Standard nominal discharge currents . 27
5.4 Service conditions . 27
5.4.1 Normal service conditions . 27
5.4.2 Abnormal service conditions . 27
6 Requirements . 28
6.1 Insulation withstand . 28
6.2 Reference voltage . 28
6.3 Residual voltages . 28
6.4 Internal partial discharges . 29
6.5 Seal leak rate. 29
6.6 Current distribution in a multi-column arrester . 29
6.7 Thermal stability . 29
6.8 Long term stability under continuous operating voltage . 29
6.9 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample . 29
6.10 Repetitive charge transfer withstand . 29
6.11 Operating duty . 29
6.12 Power-frequency voltage versus time characteristics of an arrester . 29
6.13 Short-circuit performance . 30
6.14 Disconnector . 30
6.14.1 Disconnector withstand . 30
6.14.2 Disconnector operation . 30
6.15 Requirements on internal grading components . 30
6.16 Mechanical loads . 31
6.16.1 General . 31
6.16.2 Bending moment . 31
6.16.3 Resistance against environmental stresses . 31
6.16.4 Insulating base and mounting bracket . 31
6.16.5 Mean value of breaking load (MBL). 31
6.16.6 Electromagnetic compatibility . 31
6.17 End of life . 31
6.18 Lightning impulse discharge capability . 31
7 General testing procedure . 32
7.1 Measuring equipment and accuracy . 32
7.2 Reference voltage measurements . 32

7.3 Test samples . 32
7.3.1 General . 32
7.3.2 Arrester section requirements . 33
8 Type tests (design tests) . 34
8.1 General . 34
8.2 Insulation withstand tests . 35
8.2.1 General . 35
8.2.2 Tests on individual unit housings . 36
8.2.3 Tests on complete arrester assemblies . 36
8.2.4 Ambient air conditions during tests . 36
8.2.5 Wet test procedure . 36
8.2.6 Lightning impulse voltage test . 37
8.2.7 Switching impulse voltage test . 37
8.2.8 Power-frequency voltage test. 37
8.3 Residual voltage tests . 38
8.3.1 General . 38
8.3.2 Steep current impulse residual voltage test . 38
8.3.3 Lightning impulse residual voltage test . 39
8.3.4 Switching impulse residual voltage test . 39
8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage . 39
8.4.1 General . 39
8.4.2 MO resistor elements stressed below U . 40
ref
8.4.3 Test procedure for MO resistor elements stressed at or above U . 41
ref
8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs . 44
8.5.1 General . 44
8.5.2 Test procedure . 45
8.5.3 Test evaluation . 46
8.5.4 Rated values of repetitive charge transfer rating, Q . 46
rs
8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample . 47
8.6.1 General . 47
8.6.2 Arrester section requirements . 47
8.6.3 Procedure to verify thermal equivalency between complete arrester and
arrester section . 47
8.7 Operating duty test . 47
8.7.1 General . 47
8.7.2 Test procedure . 48
8.7.3 Rated thermal energy and charge values, W and Q . 51
th th
8.8 Power-frequency voltage-versus-time test . 52
8.8.1 General . 52
8.8.2 Test samples . 53
8.8.3 Initial measurements . 54
8.8.4 Test procedure . 54
8.8.5 Test evaluation . 55
8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector . 55
8.9.1 General . 55
8.9.2 Operating withstand test . 55
8.9.3 Disconnector operation . 56
8.9.4 Mechanical tests . 57
8.9.5 Temperature cycling and seal pumping test . 58

– 4 – IEC 60099-4:2014 © IEC 2014
8.10 Short-circuit tests . 58
8.10.1 General . 58
8.10.2 Preparation of the test samples . 59
8.10.3 Mounting of the test sample . 63
8.10.4 High-current short-circuit tests . 64
8.10.5 Low-current short-circuit test . 67
8.10.6 Evaluation of test results . 67
8.11 Test of the bending moment . 67
8.11.1 General . 67
8.11.2 Overview . 67
8.11.3 Sample preparation . 68
8.11.4 Test procedure . 68
8.11.5 Test evaluation . 68
8.11.6 Test on insulating base and mounting bracket . 69
8.12 Environmental tests . 69
8.12.1 General . 69
8.12.2 Sample preparation . 69
8.12.3 Test procedure . 69
8.12.4 Test evaluation . 70
8.13 Seal leak rate test . 70
8.13.1 General . 70
8.13.2 Sample preparation . 70
8.13.3 Test procedure . 70
8.13.4 Test evaluation . 70
8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test . 70
8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components . 72
8.15.1 General . 72
8.15.2 Test procedure . 72
8.15.3 Test evaluation . 72
8.16 Test of internal grading components . 72
8.16.1 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage . 72
8.16.2 Thermal cyclic test . 73
9 Routine tests and acceptance tests . 74
9.1 Routine tests. 74
9.2 Acceptance tests . 75
9.2.1 Standard acceptance tests . 75
9.2.2 Special thermal stability test . 76
10 Test requirements on polymer-housed surge arresters . 76
10.1 Scope . 76
10.2 Normative references . 76
10.3 Terms and definitions . 76
10.4 Identification and classification . 76
10.5 Standard ratings and service conditions . 76
10.6 Requirements . 76
10.7 General testing procedure . 77
10.8 Type tests (design tests) . 77
10.8.1 General . 77
10.8.2 Insulation withstand tests . 77

10.8.3 Residual voltage tests . 77
10.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage . 78
10.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Q . 78
rs
10.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample . 78
10.8.7 Operating duty tests . 78
10.8.8 Power frequency voltage-versus-time test. 78
10.8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector . 79
10.8.10 Short-circuit tests . 79
10.8.11 Test of the bending moment . 85
10.8.12 Environmental tests . 92
10.8.13 Seal leak rate test . 92
10.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test . 92
10.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components . 92
10.8.16 Test of internal grading components . 92
10.8.17 Weather ageing test. 92
10.9 Routine tests. 94
11 Test requirements on gas-insulated metal enclosed arresters (GIS-arresters) . 94
11.1 Scope . 94
11.2 Normative references . 94
11.3 Terms and definitions . 94
11.4 Identification and classification . 94
11.5 Standard ratings and service conditions . 95
11.6 Requirements . 95
11.6.1 Withstand voltages . 95
11.7 General testing procedures . 98
11.8 Type tests (design tests) . 98
11.8.1 General . 98
11.8.2 Insulation withstand tests . 98
11.8.3 Residual voltage tests . 101
11.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage . 101
11.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Q . 101
rs
11.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample . 101
11.8.7 Operating duty tests . 101
11.8.8 Power frequency voltage-versus-time test. 101
11.8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector . 101
11.8.10 Short-circuit tests . 101
11.8.11 Test of the bending moment . 101
11.8.12 Environmental tests . 102
11.8.13 Seal leak rate test . 102
11.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test . 102
11.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components . 102
11.8.16 Test of internal grading components . 102
11.9 Routine tests. 102
11.10 Test after erection on site . 102
12 Separable and dead-front arresters . 102
12.1 Scope . 102
12.2 Normative references . 103
12.3 Terms and definitions . 103

– 6 – IEC 60099-4:2014 © IEC 2014
12.4 Identification and classification . 103
12.5 Standard ratings and service conditions . 103
12.6 Requirements . 103
12.7 General testing procedure . 104
12.8 Type tests (design tests) . 104
12.8.1 General . 104
12.8.2 Insulation withstand tests . 104
12.8.3 Residual voltage tests . 106
12.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage . 106
12.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Q . 107
rs
12.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample . 107
12.8.7 Operating duty tests . 107
12.8.8 Power-frequency voltage versus time test . 108
12.8.9 Tests of disconnector . 108
12.8.10 Short-circuit test . 108
12.8.11 Test of the bending moment . 109
12.8.12 Environmental tests . 109
12.8.13 Seal leak rate test . 109
12.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test . 109
12.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components . 110
12.8.16 Test of internal grading components . 110
12.8.17 Internal partial discharge test. 110
12.9 Routine tests and acceptance tests . 110
13 Liquid-immersed arresters . 110
13.1 Scope . 110
13.2 Normative references . 111
13.3 Terms and definitions . 111
13.4 Identification and classification . 111
13.5 Standard ratings and service conditions . 111
13.6 Requirements . 111
13.7 General testing procedure . 112
13.8 Type tests (design tests) . 112
13.8.1 General . 112
13.8.2 Insulation withstand tests . 112
13.8.3 Residual voltage tests . 112
13.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage . 113
13.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Q . 113
rs
13.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample . 114
13.8.7 Operating duty tests . 114
13.8.8 Power frequency voltage-versus-time test. 114
13.8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector . 114
13.8.10 Short-circuit tests . 114
13.8.11 Test of the bending moment . 116
13.8.12 Environmental tests . 116
13.8.13 Seal leak rate test . 117
13.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test . 117
13.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components . 117
13.8.16 Test of internal grading components . 117

13.9 Routine tests and acceptance tests . 117
Annex A (normative) Abnormal service conditions . 118
Annex B (normative) Test to verify thermal equivalency between complete arrester
and arrester section . 119
Annex C (normative) Artificial pollution test with respect to the thermal stress on
porcelain housed multi-unit metal-oxide surge arresters . 121
C.1 Glossary . 121
C.1.1 Measured quantities . 121
C.1.2 Calculated quantities . 121
C.2 General . 122
C.3 Classification of site severity . 125
C.4 Preliminary heating test: measurement of the thermal time constant τ and
calculation of β . 125
C.5 Verification of the need to perform the pollution tests . 126
C.6 General requirements for the pollution test . 126
C.6.1 Test sample . 126
C.6.2 Testing plant . 127
C.6.3 Measuring devices and measuring procedures . 127
C.6.4 Test preparation . 129
C.7 Test procedures . 129
C.7.1 Slurry method . 129
C.7.2 Salt fog method . 131
C.8 Evaluation of test results . 132
C.8.1 Calculation of K . 132
ie
C.8.2 Calculation of the expected temperature rise ∆T in service . 133
z
C.8.3 Preparation for the operating duty test . 133
C.9 Example. 133
C.9.1 Preliminary heating test . 134
C.9.2 Verification of the need to perform the pollution test . 134
C.9.3 Salt fog tests . 134
C.9.4 Calculation performed after five test cycles . 135
C.9.5 Calculation performed after 10 test cycles . 136
Annex D (informative) Typical information given with enquiries and tenders . 137
D.1 Information given with enquiry . 137
D.1.1 System data . 137
D.1.2 Service conditions . 137
D.1.3 Arrester duty . 137
D.1.4 Characteristics of arrester . 138
D.1.5 Additional equipment and fittings . 138
D.1.6 Any special abnormal conditions . 138
D.2 Information given with tender . 138
Annex E (informative) Ageing test procedure – Arrhenius law – Problems with higher
temperatures . 139
Annex F (informative) Guide for the determination of the voltage distribution along
metal-oxide surge arresters . 141
F.1 General . 141
F.2 Modelling of the surge arrester . 141
F.3 Modelling of the boundary conditions . 142
F.4 Calculation procedure . 142

– 8 – IEC 60099-4:2014 © IEC 2014
F.4.1 Capacitive representation of the MO resistor column . 142
F.4.2 Capacitive and resistive representation of the MO resistor column . 143
F.4.3 Determination of U . 143
ct
F.5 Example calculations . 143
F.5.1 Modelling of the arrester and the boundary conditions . 144
F.5.2 Resistive effects of the metal-oxide MO resistors . 144
F.5.3 Results and conclusions from electric field calculations . 144
Annex G (normative) Mechanical considerations . 149
G.1 Test of bending moment. 149
G.2 Seismic test . 150
G.3 Definition of mechanical loads . 150
G.4 Definition of seal leak rate . 151
G.5 Calculation of wind-bending-moment. 152
G.6 Procedures of tests of bending moment for porcelain/cast resin and polymer-
housed arresters . 153
Annex H (normative) Test procedure to determine the lightning impulse discharge
capability . 155
H.1 General . 155
H.2 Selection of test samples . 155
H.3 Test procedure . 156
H.4 Test parameters for the lightning impulse discharge capability test . 156
H.5 Measurements during the lightning impulse discharge capability test . 156
H.6 Rated lightning impulse discharge capability . 156
H.7 List of rated energy values . 157
H.8 List of rated charge values . 157
Annex I (normative) Determination of the start temperature in tests including
verification of thermal stability . 158
Annex J (normative) Determination of the average temperature of a multi-unit high-
voltage arrester. 159
Annex K (informative) Example calculation of test parameters for the operating duty
test (8.7) according to the requirements of 7.3 . 161
Annex L (informative) Comparison of the old energy classification system based on
line discharge classes and the new classification system based on thermal energy
ratings for operating duty tests and repetitive charge transfer ratings for repetitive
single event energies . 162
Bibliography . 168

Figure 1 – Illustration of power losses versus time during long term stability test . 41
Figure 2 – Test proce
...