ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)

ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)
Technical Report


Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
Functional Architecture (FA) for the Management
and Control of Reconfigurable Radio Systems

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2 ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)



Reference
DTR/RRS-03004
Keywords
architecture, radio
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3 ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Motivation, goals, example scenarios . 9
4.1 Trends in the wireless landscape and overall requirements for the evolution of wireless systems . 9
4.2 Example scenarios . 10
4.2.1 Spectrum on demand . 10
4.2.1.1 General description . 10
4.2.1.2 Evaluations . 11
4.2.1.3 Open issues . 11
4.2.2 Initial Scan . 11
4.2.2.1 General description . 11
4.2.2.2 Evaluations . 11
4.2.2.3 Open issues . 12
4.2.3 Terminal Reconfiguration - Joint Radio Resource Management in B3G networks . 12
4.2.3.1 General description . 12
4.2.3.2 Evaluations . 12
4.2.3.3 Open issues . 13
4.2.4 Network (Base Station) Reconfiguration . 13
4.2.4.1 General description . 13
4.2.4.2 Evaluations . 13
4.2.4.3 Open issues . 13
5 Requirements for reconfigurable radio systems and entailed functions . 14
6 Overview on the Functional Architecture for the Management and Control of Reconfigurable
Radio Systems targeting on Radio Resource and Spectrum Efficiency . 15
6.1 Scope and overview. 15
6.2 High-level description of FA and main functional blocks . 16
7 Detailed Functionality . 19
7.1 Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) . 19
7.2 Dynamic Self-Organising Network Planning and Management (DSONPM) . 20
7.2.1 Input to DSONPM . 21
7.2.2 Output of DSONMP . 21
7.2.3 Optimization Process . 22
7.3 Configuration Control Module (CCM). 22
7.4 Joint management of radio resources across heterogeneous radio access technologies (JRRM) . 23
7.4.1 Access Selection in Idle State . 23
7.4.2 Access Selection in Connected State . 23
8 Interfaces description . 24
8.1 MS interface between DSM and DSONPM . 24
8.2 MJ interface between DSONPM and JRRM . 25
8.3 MC interface between DSONPM and CCM . 25
8.4 CJ interface between CCM and JRRM . 25
8.5 JR interface between JRRM and the underlying RATs . 25
8.6 CR interface between CCM and the underlying RATs . 25
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4 ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)
8.7 JJ-TN interface between the JRRM on terminal side and the JRRM on network side . 26
8.8 SS interface between different DSM instances . 26
8.9 MM interface between different DSONPM instances . 26
8.10 JJ-NN interface between different JRRM instances on network side . 26
8.11 JJ-TT interface between JRRM instances in different terminals . 26
8.12 Example Message Sequence Charts . 27
9 Summary and Recommendation for Standardization . 29
Annex A: Relationship between IEEE 1900.4 system and ETSI RRS FA . 30
A.1 Introduction . 30
A.2 IEEE 1900.4 Standard Overview . 30
A.2.1 Introduction . 30
A.2.2 1900.4 Context . 30
A.2.3 Use Cases . 31
A.2.4 Architecture . 32
A.3 Relationship between IEEE 1900.4 system and ETSI RRS functional architecture . 36
Annex B: Relationship between 3GPP standards and ETSI RRS FA . 40
B.1 Introduction . 40
B.2 Brief overview of 3GPP functionalities of interest . 40
B.2.1 SON, ANR . 40
B.2.2 Minimization of drive tests . 42
B.2.3 Multi-standard radio (MSR) . 42
B.3 Relationship between 3GPP standard and ETSI RRS functional architecture . 43
Annex C: Bibliography . 44
History . 45

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5 ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS).
Introduction
The present document provides a feasibility study on defining a Functional Architecture (FA) for reconfigurable radio
systems, in terms of collecting and putting together all management and control mechanisms that are targeted for
improving the utilization of spectrum and the available radio resources. This denotes the specification of the major
functional entities that manage and direct the operation of a reconfigurable radio system, as well as their operation and
interactions.
As a feasibility study the present document provides basis for decision making at ETSI Board level on standardization
of some or all topics of the FA.
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6 ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)
1 Scope
The present document carefully studies the requirements for the improvement of the utilization of spectrum and radio
resources in reconfigurable radio systems and proposes a generic architecture, namely the Functional Architecture (FA),
which will collect those requirements and propose creative solutions that should be followed during the operation of
reconfigurable systems. The FA is outlined in the present document to the extent which is necessary to identify
architectural elements (blocks and interfaces) as candidates for further standardization. Since the feasibility of
standardization of FA for radio systems also depends on already standardized or ongoing activities on such architectural
elements the present document also provides a survey on FA related standardization in other standardization bodies.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] 3GPP TR 22.811 (Release 7): "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Services and Systems Aspects; Review of Network Selection Principles".
[i.2] ETSI TR 122 912: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Study into network selection requirements for
non-3GPP access (3GPP TR 22.912 Release 8)".
[i.3] ETSI TS 123 122: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) functions related to Mobile
Station (MS) in idle mode (3GPP TS 23.122 Release 7)".
[i.4] ETSI TS 123 402: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Architecture
enhancements for non-3GPP accesses (3GPP TS 23.402 Release 8)".
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7 ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)
[i.5] ETSI TS 125 304: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) procedures in idle mode and procedures for cell reselection in connected mode
(3GPP TS 25.304 Release 8)".
[i.6] ETSI TS 125 331: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Radio Resource
Control (RRC); Protocol specification (3GPP TS 25.331)".
[i.7] ETSI TS 136 304: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) procedures in idle mode (3GPP TS 36.304 Release 8)".
[i.8] IEEE 802.21: "Working Group for developing standards to enable handover and interoperability
between heterogeneous network types including both 802 and non 802 networks".
[i.9] IEEE Std 1900.4-2009: "IEEE Standard for Architectural Building Blocks Enabling
Network-Device Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in
Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks".
[i.10] "Architecture and enablers for optimized radio resource usage in heterogeneous wireless access
networks: The IEEE 1900.4 Working Group", S. Buljore et al. IEEE Communications Magazine,
vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 122-129, Jan. 2009.
[i.11] ETSI TR 102 683: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC)
design".
[i.12] ETSI TS 136 300: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2
(3GPP TS 36.300)".
[i.13] RP-090341 (March 2009): "Minimization of drive-tests in next generation networks, 3GPP Study
Item Description".
[i.14] RF requirements for Multicarrier and Multi-RAT BS, 3GPP Work Item Description (Sept 2008).
[i.15] Market assessment report on selected cognitive radio systems value propositions
ICT-2007-216248/E3/WP1/D1.3.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
cognitive radio: radio, which has the following capabilities:
• to obtain the knowledge of radio operational environment and established policies and to monitor usage
patterns and users' needs;
• to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledge
in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. more efficient utilization of spectrum; and
• to learn from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance.
radio system: system capable to communicate some user information by using electromagnetic waves
NOTE: Radio system is typically designed to use certain radio frequency band(s) and it includes agreed schemes
for multiple access, modulation, channel and data coding as well as control protocols for all radio layers
needed to maintain user data links between adjacent radio devices.
software defined multi radio: device or technology where multiple radio technologies can coexist and share their
wireless transmission and/or reception capabilities, including but not limited to regulated parameters, by operating them
under a common software system
NOTE 1: Examples of the regulated parameters are frequency range, modulation type, and output power.
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NOTE 2: Common software system represents radio operating system functions.
NOTE 3: This definition does not restrict the way software is used to set and/or change the parameters. In one
example, this can be done by the algorithm of the already running software. In another example, software
downloading may be required.
software defined radio: radio in which the RF operating parameters including, but not limited to, frequency range,
modulation type, or output power can be set or altered by software, and/or the technique by which this is achieved
NOTE 1: Excludes changes to operating parameters which occur during the normal pre-installed and predetermined
operation of a radio according to a system specification or standard.
NOTE 2: SDR is an implementation technique applicable to many radio technologies and standards.
NOTE 3: SDR techniques are applicable to both transmitters and receivers.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANDSF Access Network Discovery and Selection Function
ANR Automatic Neighbour Relation
AP Access Point
rd
B3G Beyond 3 Generation
BS Base Station
CCM Configuration Control Module
CFG ConFiGuration
CPC Cognitive Pilot Channel
CQI Channel Quality Indicator
CWN Composite Wireless Network
DSM Dynamic Spectrum Management
DSONPM Dynamic Self-Organizing Network Planning and Management
FA Functional Architecture
GPS Global Positioning System
HO HandOver
ICIC Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
IP Internet Protocol
JRRM Joint Radio Resource Management
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
MSR Multi-Standard Radio
NET NETwork
NO Network Operator
NRM Network Reconfiguration Manager
OPEX OPerational EXpenses
OSM Operator Spectrum Manager
QoS Quality of Service
RAN Radio Access Network
RAT Radio Access Technology
RF Radio Frequency
RMC RAN Measurement Collector
RRC Radio Resource Control
RRM Radio Resource Management
RRS Reconfigurable Radio System
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
SAP Service Access Point
SDR Software Defined Radio
SINR Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio
SON Self-Organizing Networks
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TE TErminal
TMC Terminal Measurement Collector
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TRC Terminal Reconfiguration Controller
TRM Terminal Reconfiguration Manager
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
4 Motivation, goals, example scenarios
4.1 Trends in the wireless landscape and overall requirements
for the evolution of wireless systems
This clause provides a high level view of the wireless world, emphasizing on reconfigurable radio systems and the
overall context, in which the Functional Architecture described in the present document is applied. This is shown in
figure 1.

- Application Server
- Network Equipment
Packet-Based
(e.g. Router, Switch)
Network
- RAN Equipment
(e.g. Controller)
Core
Core
- Legacy BS
Network
Network
- Reconfigurable BS
- Cognitive Radio BS
RAN RAN
RAN
- Legacy AP
- Legacy Terminal
- Multi Standard
Terminal
- Cognitive Radio
Terminal

Figure 1: Functional Architecture context
The network and user equipment of the wireless environment described in the present document are aligned with the
assumptions included in this clause. Specifically:
Different types of terminals operate in this environment. Examples are legacy terminals, multi-standard radio terminals,
and cognitive radio terminals. Multi-standard and cognitive radio terminals can be reconfigurable. Moreover, different
types of Base Stations (BS) provide wireless access to terminals in this environment. Examples are legacy BSs, APs,
Node Bs, etc.; multi-standard reconfigurable radio BSs, and cognitive radio BSs.
The wired network part of this wireless environment, includes RANs, core networks, and packet-based network, and
enables the existence of different types of equipment. Examples are legacy RAN management servers, IP management
serves, and application serves, as well as, adaptive and reconfigurable RAN management servers, IP management
serves, application serves. Furthermore, the reconfiguration of terminals, base stations, and wired network equipment
can be managed by the FA as described in the present document. Additionally, different topologies can be used in the
wireless environment considered.
Terminals can communicate with each other directly or via wireless access service provided by network. Also,
terminals can communicate with some application servers. Some terminals can support several active connections in
parallel, either with other terminals or base stations.
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10 ETSI TR 102 682 V1.1.1 (2009-07)
Base stations can provide point-to-multipoint wireless access service to terminals. Some base stations can serve as
wireless relays for other base stations in case of multi-hope communication. Some terminals can also serve as wireless
relays to other terminals.
Some operators operate only one RAN with associated core network. Some operators operate several RANs. Each of
RANs of one such operator can have separate associated core network or some/all RANs of one operator can have one
associated core network. Some part of the wireless environment can reconfigure its topologies. Such reconfiguration
can be managed by Functional Architecture described in the present document.
Various resources are available for providing services in the wireless environment considered. The available radio
resources are shared by RANs and terminals. Depending on RAT, radio resource can be characterized by frequency,
time, space, power, and code. In case of reconfigurable radio systems, equipment resources should be also considered.
Examples of equipment resources are processing power, storage capacity, number of active connections in parallel, and
battery power.
In high data rate transmission wired network resources are also of great importance. In addition to the equipment
resources described above, transport capacity of wired links should be considered. In total, the usage of all these
resources can be managed by the FA described in the present document.
From the regulatory perspective, spectrum can be divided into several frequency bands. Different spectrum usage rules
can be specified to these frequency bands, which may regulate RATs and output power values allowed in particular
frequency bands. Also, spectrum sharing, renting, etc can be allowed or not. Primary/secondary relations can be
specified for some frequency ranges. Environmental regulations should also be considered.
Various operational objectives can be set by wireless and wired access operators. These objectives can adaptively
change. Additional conditions can be set by wired access operators for wireless access operators using their wired
access.
From the service quality point of view, different applications can have different QoS requirements. These QoS
requirements may include data rate, error rate, delay, and jitter parameters.
Finally, users may have different preferences. User preferences may include preferred operator or RAT, intention to
decrease service cost or download time.
All these operational constraints and objectives are considered by the FA described in the present document.
4.2 Example scenarios
This clause presents some indicative scenarios that are envisaged to call for the existence of the functional architecture
presented in the present document.
4.2.1 Spectrum on demand
4.2.1.1 General description
In this scenario there are two operators that each has a piece of spectrum where the operator is the primary user. At
some time instant operator 1 experiences an increased traffic load and at the same time operator 2 does not fully utilize
the allocat
...