ASTM F1868-02

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Designation:F1868–02
Standard Test Method for
Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials
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Using a Sweating Hot Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Clothing is often made of materials that impede the flow of heat and moisture from the skin to the
environment. Consequently, people may suffer from heat stress or cold stress when wearing clothing
in different environmental conditions. Therefore, it is important to quantify the thermal resistance and
evaporative resistance of clothing materials and to consider these properties when selecting materials
for different clothing applications.
1. Scope of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal
2.2 Other Standards:
resistance and the evaporative resistance, under steady-state
ISO 11092 Textiles–Physiological Effects–Measurement of
conditions, of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers,
Thermal and Water-Vapour Resistance Under Steady-
including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.
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State Conditions (Sweating Guarded-Hotplate Test)
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for thermal
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NFPA 1971 Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fight-
resistance is from 0.002 to 0.2 K·m /W and for evaporative
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2
ing
resistance is from 0.01 to 1.0 kPa·m /W.
NFPA 1977 Protective Clothing and Equipment for Wild-
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
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land Fire Fighting
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
3.1 Definitions:
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
3.1.1 clo, n—unit of thermal resistance defined as the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
insulationrequiredtokeeparestingman(producingheatatthe
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2. Referenced Documents rate of 58 W/m ) comfortable in an environment at 21°C, air
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movement 0.1 m/s, or roughly the insulation value of typical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
indoor clothing.
C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Numerically the clo is equal to 0.155
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
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K·m /W.
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
3.1.2 evaporative heat transmittance, n—time rate of undi-
D 1518 Thermal Transmittance of Textile Materials
rectional evaporative heat transfer per unit area, in the steady
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
state, between parallel planes, per unit difference of water
ASTM Test Methods
vapor pressure of the planes.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Evaporative heat transmittance is ex-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
pressed as watts per square metre of test specimen per
F 1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation
kilopascal of vapor pressure difference between the test plate
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and the environment (W/m ·kPa). The evaporative heat trans-
mittance may consist of both diffusive and convective compo-
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on
nents.
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.60 on
Human Factors.
Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally
published as F 1868 – 98. Last previous edition F 1868 – 98.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Fire Protection Assoc., 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy,
the ASTM website. MA 02269.
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F1868–02
3.1.3 evaporative resistance, n—reciprocal of evaporative layers of the fabric test specimen are equal.
heat transmittance expressed in kilopascals, square metre of R = total thermal resistance of the test specimen and the air
ct
layer.
test specimen per watt.
3.1.7 total heat loss, n—the amount of heat transferred
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The evaporative resistance for several
through a material or a composite by the combined dry and
different case
...