iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E664-93(2005)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method

Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The measurement of apparent attenuation in materials is useful in applications such as the comparison of heat treatments of different lots of material or the assessment of the degradation of materials due to environment.
Several different modes of wave vibration can be propagated in solids. This practice is concerned with the attenuation associated with longitudinal waves introduced into the specimen by the immersion method.  
This practice allows for the comparison of the apparent attenuations of geometrically similar specimens.
For the determination of apparent attenuation, the procedures described herein are valid only for measurements in the far field of the ultrasonic beam.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for measuring the apparent attenuation of ultrasound in materials or components with flat, parallel surfaces using conventional pulse-echo ultrasonic flaw detection equipment in which reflected indications are displayed in an A-scan presentation.  
1.2 The measurement procedure is readily adaptable for the determination of relative attenuation between materials. For absolute (true) attenuation measurements, indicative of the intrinsic nature of the material, it is necessary to correct for specimen geometry, sound beam divergence, instrumentation, and procedural effects. These results can be obtained with more specialized ultrasonic equipment and techniques.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2004
ICS
17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E664-93(2000) - Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E664/E664M-10 - Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM E664-93(2005) - Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion MethodASTM E664-93(2005) - Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E664-93(2005) - Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E664 – 93 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for the
Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal
Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E664; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see
Terminology E1316.
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for measuring the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
apparent attenuation of ultrasound in materials or components
3.2.1 apparent attenuation—the observed ultrasound en-
with flat, parallel surfaces using conventional pulse-echo
ergy loss. In addition to the true loss, the apparent attenuation
ultrasonic flaw detection equipment in which reflected indica-
may also include losses attributable to instrumentation, speci-
tions are displayed in an A-scan presentation.
men configuration, beam divergence, interface reflections, and
1.2 The measurement procedure is readily adaptable for the
measurement procedure.
determination of relative attenuation between materials. For
3.2.2 attenuation—a factor that describes the decrease in
absolute (true) attenuation measurements, indicative of the
ultrasound intensity with distance. Normally expressed in
intrinsic nature of the material, it is necessary to correct for
decibels per unit length.
specimen geometry, sound beam divergence, instrumentation,
andproceduraleffects.Theseresultscanbeobtainedwithmore
NOTE 1—The attenuation parameter is sometimes expressed in nepers
specialized ultrasonic equipment and techniques. (Np) per unit length. The value in decibels (dB) is 8.68 times the value in
nepers. If the loss over a path is 1 Np, then the amplitude has fallen to 1/e
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of its initial value (e = 2.7183. . .).
as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 decibel (dB)—twenty times the logarithmic expres-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sion of the ratio of two amplitudes.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dB 5 20 log ~amplitude ratio!
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 true attenuation—that portion of the observed ultra-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sound energy loss which is intrinsic to the medium through
2. Referenced Documents which the ultrasound propagates. True attenuation losses may
2 be attributed to the basic mechanisms of absorption and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
scattering.
E214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the
Reflection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves
4. Summary of Practice
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics
4.1 This practice describes a procedure for determining
of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
apparent attenuation by measuring the decay of multiple back
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
reflections of longitudinal ultrasonic waves introduced into
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
specimens with flat, parallel surfaces by the immersion tech-
3. Terminology nique.
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The measurement of apparent attenuation in materials is
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
useful in applications such as the comparison of heat treat-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
ments of different lots of material or the assessment of the
Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved January 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally degradation of materials due to environment.
approvedin1978.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2000asE664 - 93(2000).DOI:
5.2 Several different modes of wave vibration can be
10.1520/E0664-93R05.
propagated in solids. This practice is concerned with the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
attenuation associated with longitudinal waves introduced into
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the specimen by the immersion method.
the ASTM website.
5.3 This practice allows for the comparison of the apparent
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
attenuations of geometrically similar specimens.
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E664 – 93 (2005)
parallelism, surface finish, etc. However, useful apparent attenuation
5.4 For the determination of apparent attenuation, the pro-
information can be obtained if the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2 are
cedures described herein are valid only for measurements in
satisfied.
the far field of the ultrasonic beam.
8. Procedure
6. Apparatus
8.1 Measure the thickness of the specimen to an accuracy of
6.1 Ultrasonic Flaw Detection System— A system capable
60.001 in. [60.03 mm] or 60.1 %, whichever is greater.
of generating, receiving, and displaying electrical pulses at the
8.2 Place the sample in a suitable immersion tank.
frequency of interest. Display shall be an A-scan presentation.
6.1.1 Performance Characteristics—The vertical linearity 8.3 Place the search unit in a fixture suitable for manipulat-
limits shall be determined as specified in Practice E317. All
ing the sound entry an
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E3397-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Resonance Testing Using the Impulse Excitation Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 IEM Applications and Capabilities—IEM has been successfully applied to a wide range of NDT applications in the manufacture, maintenance, and repair of metallic and non-metallic parts. Examples of anomalies detected are discussed in 1.1 and 6.2. IEM has been proven to provide fast, cost-effective, and accurate NDT solutions in nearly all manufacturing, maintenance, or repair modalities. Examples of the successful application focuses include, but are not limited to: sintered powder metals, castings, forgings, stampings, ceramics, glass, wood, weldments, heat treatment, composites, additive manufacturing, machined products, and brazed products.  
4.2 General Approach and Equipment Requirements for IEM:  
4.2.1 IEM systems are comprised of hardware and software capable of inducing vibrations, recording the component response to the induced vibrations, and executing analysis of the data collected.  
4.2.2 Hardware Requirements—Examples of a tabletop impact excitation system and a production-grade drop excitation system are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively. IEM systems include: an excitation device (for example, modal hammer / impact device / dropping system) providing an impulse excitation to the object, a vibration detector (for example., microphone), a signal amplifier, an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), an embedded logic, and a data User Interface (UI). Tested parts can typically be on any surface type, but they can also be supported (for example, foam support, held with an elastic) in consideration of possible damping influences. The following schematics show the basic parts for an impact excitation approach (Fig. 3) and a drop excitation approach (Fig. 4).
FIG. 1 IEM Tabletop Testing System Using a Non-Instrumented Impactor
FIG. 2 Production-Grade Drop Excitation System
FIG. 3 Schematic of Impact Excitation Approach
FIG. 4 Schematic of Drop Excitation Approach  
4.3 Constraints and Limitations:  
4.3.1 IEM needs a change in structural i...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for using the Impulse Excitation Method (IEM) to facilitate natural frequency measurement and detection of defects and material variations in metallic and non-metallic parts. This test method is also known as Impulse Excitation Technique (IET), Acoustic Resonance Testing (ART), ping testing, tap testing, and other names. IEM is listed as a Resonance Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) method. The method applies an impulse load to excite and then record resonance frequencies of a part. These recorded resonance frequencies are compared to a reference population or within subgroups/families of examples of the same part, or modeled frequencies, or both.  
1.2 Absolute frequency shifting, resonance damping, and resonance pattern differences can be used to distinguish acceptable parts from parts with material differences and defects. These defects and material differences include, cracks, voids, porosity, material elastic property differences, and residual stress. IEM can be applied to parts made with manufacturing processes including, but not limited to, powdered metal sintering, casting, forging, machining, composite layup, and additive manufacturing (AM).  
1.3 This practice is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting, measuring, recording, and analyzing multiple whole body, mechanical vibration resonance frequencies in acoustic or ultrasonic frequency ranges, or both. This practice does not provide inspection acceptance criteria for parts. However, it does discuss the processes for establishing acceptance criteria specific to impulse testing. These criteria include frequency acceptability windows for absolute frequency shifting, scoring criteria for statistical analysis methods (Z-score), Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility (R&R) for diagnostic resonance modes, and inspection criteria adjustment (compensation) for manufacturing process and environmental variations.  
...

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1932-12(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission Examination of Small Parts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of the AE examination is to analyze how an examination object is withstanding the applied load, or if it is suffering from some latent damage. Consequently the emission activity must be evaluated in relation to the applied load.  
4.2 The applied load (on the examination object) may include mechanical forces (tension, compression or torsional), internal pressure and thermal gradients. It may be short to long, random or cyclic. The applied load may be controlled by the examiner or may already exist as part of the process. In either case the applied load is measured along with the AE activity.  
4.3 Possible applications include the determination of part integrity, quality control assessment of production processes on a sampled or 100 % inspection basis, in-process examination during a period of applied load of a fabrication process (for example, spot welding, bonding, soldering, pressing, etc.), proof-testing after fabrication, monitoring a “region of interest” (or concern) of a structure (for example, bridge joint or repair, vessel, pipe), and re–examination after intervals of service.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques for conducting acoustic emission (AE) examinations of small parts. It is confined to examination objects (or defined regions of larger objects) where there is low AE signal attenuation throughout the examination region. This eliminates the consideration of complex attenuation factor corrections and multiple sensor and array placements based on overcoming signal losses over distances.  
1.2 The guide assumes a typical AE examination as one where there is a controlled or measured stress acting upon the part being monitored by AE. Particular emphasis is placed on sensor and system selection, sensor placements, stressing considerations, noise reduction/rejection techniques, spatial filtering, location determination, use of guard sensors, collection of AE data, AE data analysis and report. The purpose of the AE examination is to analyze how an object under evaluation is withstanding the applied load.  
1.3 Possible applications of this guide includes materials characterization, quality control of production processes, proof testing after fabrication, evaluating regions of interest of larger structures and retesting after intervals of service. The applied load may include mechanical forces (tension, compression or torsional) internal pressure and thermal gradients.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2374-16(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustic Emission data acquisition can be affected by numerous factors associated with the electronic instrumentation, cables, sensors, sensor holders, couplant, the examination article on which the sensor is mounted, background noise, and the user's settings of the acquisition parameters (for example, threshold).  
4.2 This guide is not intended to replace annual (or semi-annual) instrumentation calibration (see Practice E750) or sensor recertification (see Practice E1781).  
4.3 This guide is not intended to replace routine electronic evaluation of AE instrumentation or routine reproducibility verification of AE sensors (see Guide E976).  
4.4 This guide is not intended to verify the maximum processing capacity or speed of an AE system.  
4.5 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
SCOPE
1.1 System performance verification methods launch stress waves into the examination article on which the sensor is mounted. The resulting stress wave travels in the examination article and is detected by the sensor(s) in a manner similar to acoustic emission.  
1.2 This guide describes methods which can be used to verify the response of an Acoustic Emission system including sensors, couplant, sensor mounting devices, cables and system electronic components.  
1.3 Acoustic emission system performance characteristics, which may be evaluated using this document, include some waveform parameters, and source location accuracy.  
1.4 Performance verification is usually conducted prior to beginning the examination.  
1.5 Performance verification can be conducted during the examination if there is any suspicion that the system performance may have changed.  
1.6 Performance verification may be conducted after the examination has been completed.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E976-15(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Acoustic emission data is affected by several characteristics of the instrumentation. The most obvious of these is the system sensitivity. Of all the parameters and components contributing to the sensitivity, the acoustic emission sensor is the one most subject to variation. This variation can be a result of damage or aging, or there can be variations between nominally identical sensors. To detect such variations, it is desirable to have a method for measuring the response of a sensor to an acoustic wave. Specific purposes for checking sensors include: (1) checking the stability of its response with time; (2) checking the sensor for possible damage after accident or abuse; (3) comparing a number of sensors for use in a multichannel system to ensure that their responses are adequately matched; and (4) checking the response after thermal cycling or exposure to a hostile environment. It is very important that the sensor characteristics be always measured with the same sensor cable length and impedance as well as the same preamplifier or equivalent. This guide presents several procedures for measuring sensor response. Some of these procedures require a minimum of special equipment.  
3.2 It is not the intent of this guide to evaluate AE system performance. Refer to Practice E750 for characterizing acoustic instrumentation and refer to Guide E2374 for AE system performance verification.  
3.3 The procedures given in this guide are designed to measure the response of an acoustic emission sensor to an arbitrary but repeatable acoustic wave. These procedures in no way constitute a calibration of the sensor. The absolute calibration of a sensor requires a complete knowledge of the characteristics of the acoustic wave exciting the sensor or a previously calibrated reference sensor. In either case, such a calibration is beyond the scope of this guide.  
3.4 The fundamental requirement for comparing sensor responses is a source of repeatable acoustic waves. The character...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines simple economical procedures for testing or comparing the performance of acoustic emission sensors. These procedures allow the user to check for degradation of a sensor or to select sets of sensors with nearly identical performances. The procedures are not capable of providing an absolute calibration of the sensor nor do they assure transferability of data sets between organizations.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1106-12(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Primary Calibration of Acoustic Emission Sensors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Transfer Standards—One purpose of this test method is for the direct calibration of displacement transducers for use as secondary standards for the calibration of AE sensors for use in nondestructive evaluation. For this purpose, the transfer standard should be high fidelity and very well behaved and understood. If this can be established, the stated accuracy should apply over the full frequency range up to 1 MHz.
Note 1: The stated accuracy applies only if the transfer standard returns to quiescence, following the transient input, before any wave reflected from the boundary of the calibration block returns to the transfer standard (∼100 μs). For low frequencies with periods on the order of the time window, this condition is problematical to prove.  
4.2 Applications Sensors—This test method may also be used for the calibration of AE sensors for use in nondestructive evaluation. Some of these sensors are less well behaved than devices suitable for a transfer standard. The stated accuracy for such devices applies in the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz and with less accuracy below 100 kHz.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the requirements for the absolute calibration of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. The calibration yields the frequency response of a transducer to waves, at a surface, of the type normally encountered in acoustic emission work. The transducer voltage response is determined at discrete frequency intervals of approximately 10 kHz up to 1 MHz. The input is a given well-established dynamic displacement normal to the mounting surface. The units of the calibration are output voltage per unit mechanical input (displacement, velocity, or acceleration).  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E664/E664M-15(2020)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of apparent attenuation in materials is useful in applications such as the comparison of heat treatments of different lots of material or the assessment of the degradation of materials due to environment.  
5.2 Several different modes of wave vibration can be propagated in solids. This practice is concerned with the attenuation associated with longitudinal waves introduced into the specimen by the immersion method.  
5.3 This practice allows for the comparison of the apparent attenuations of geometrically similar specimens.  
5.4 For the determination of apparent attenuation, the procedures described herein are valid only for measurements in the far field of the ultrasonic beam.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for measuring the apparent attenuation of ultrasound in materials or components with flat, parallel surfaces using conventional pulse-echo ultrasonic flaw detection equipment in which reflected indications are displayed in an A-scan presentation.  
1.2 The measurement procedure is readily adaptable for the determination of relative attenuation between materials. For absolute (true) attenuation measurements, indicative of the intrinsic nature of the material, it is necessary to correct for specimen geometry, sound beam divergence, instrumentation, and procedural effects. These results can be obtained with more specialized ultrasonic equipment and techniques.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1781/E1781M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Secondary Calibration of Acoustic Emission Sensors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to enable the transfer of calibration from sensors that have been calibrated by primary calibration to other sensors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers requirements for the secondary calibration of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. The secondary calibration yields the frequency response of a sensor to waves of the type normally encountered in acoustic emission work. The source producing the signal used for the calibration is mounted on the same surface of the test block as the sensor under testing (SUT). Rayleigh waves are dominant under these conditions; the calibration results represent primarily the sensor's sensitivity to Rayleigh waves. The sensitivity of the sensor is determined for excitation within the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz. Sensitivity values are usually determined at frequencies approximately 10 kHz apart. The units of the calibration are volts per unit of mechanical input (displacement, velocity, or acceleration).  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1065/E1065M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to provide standardized procedures for evaluating ultrasonic search units. It is not intended to define performance and acceptance criteria, but rather to provide data from which such criteria may be established.  
5.2 These procedures are intended to evaluate the characteristics of single-element piezoelectric search units.  
5.3 Implementation may require more detailed procedural instructions in a format of the using facility.  
5.4 The measurement data obtained may be employed by users of this practice to specify, describe, or provide a performance criteria for procurement and quality assurance, or service evaluation of the operating characteristics of ultrasonic search units. All or portions of the practice may be used as determined by the user.  
5.5 The measurements are made primarily under pulse-echo conditions. To determine the relative performance of a search unit as either a transmitter or a receiver may require additional tests.  
5.6 While these procedures relate to many of the significant parameters, others that may be important in specific applications may not be treated. These might include power handling capability, breakdown voltage, wear properties of contact units, radio-frequency interference, and the like.  
5.7 Care must be taken to ensure that comparable measurements are made and that users of the practice follow similar procedures. The conditions specified or selected (if optional) may affect the test results and lead to apparent differences.  
5.8 Interpretation of some test results, such as the shape of the frequency response curve, may be subjective. Small irregularities may be significant. Interpretation of the test results is beyond the scope of this practice.  
5.9 Certain results obtained using the procedures outlined may differ from measurements made with ultrasonic test instruments. These differences may be attributed to differences in the nature of the experiment or the electrical characteristic...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers measurement procedures for evaluating certain characteristics of ultrasonic search units (also known as “probes”) that are used with ultrasonic testing instrumentation. This practice describes means for obtaining performance data that may be used to define the acoustic and electric responses of ultrasonic search units.  
1.2 The procedures are designed to measure search units as individual components (separate from the ultrasonic test instrument) using commercial search unit characterization systems or using laboratory instruments such as signal generators, pulsers, amplifiers, digitizers, oscilloscopes, and waveform analyzers.  
1.3 The procedures are applicable to manufacturing acceptance and incoming inspection of new search units or to periodic performance evaluation of search units throughout their service life.  
1.4 The procedures in Annex A1 – Annex A6 are generally applicable to ultrasonic search units operating within the 0.4 to 10 MHz range. Annex A7 is applicable to higher frequency immersion search unit evaluation. Annex A8 describes a practice for measuring sound beam profiles in metals from contact straight-beam search units. Additional Annexes, such as sound beam profiling for angle-beam search units in metal and alternate means for search unit characterization, will be added when developed.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the ...

  • Standard
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1139/E1139M-17(Practice)
Standard Practice for Continuous Monitoring of Acoustic Emission from Metal Pressure Boundaries

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustic emission examination of a structure requires application of a mechanical or thermal stimulus. In this case, the system operating conditions provide the stimulation. During operation of the pressurized system, AE from active discontinuities such as cracks or from other acoustic sources such as leakage of high-pressure, high-temperature fluids can be detected by an instrumentation system using sensors mounted on the structure. The sensors are acoustically coupled to the surface of the structure by means of a couplant material or pressure on the interface between the sensing device and the structure. This facilitates the transmission of acoustic energy to the sensor. When the sensors are excited by acoustic emission energy, they transform the mechanical excitations into electrical signals. The signals from a detected AE source are electronically conditioned and processed to produce information relative to source location and other parameters needed for AE source characterization and evaluation.  
5.2 AE monitoring on a continuous basis is a currently available method for continuous surveillance of a structure to assess its continued integrity. The use of AE monitoring in this context is to identify the existence and location of AE sources. Also, information is provided to facilitate estimating the significance of the detected AE source relative to continued pressure system operation.  
5.3 Source location accuracy is influenced by factors that affect elastic wave propagation, by sensor coupling, and by signal processor settings.  
5.4 It is possible to measure AE and identify AE source locations of indications that cannot be detected by other NDT methods, due to factors related to methodological, material, or structural characteristics.  
5.5 In addition to immediate evaluation of the AE sources, a permanent record of the total data collected (AE plus pressure system parameters measured) provides an archival record which can be re-evaluated.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for continuous monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) from metal pressure boundaries in industrial systems during operation. Examples are pressure vessels, piping, and other system components which serve to contain system pressure. Pressure boundaries other than metal, such as composites, are specifically not covered by this document.  
1.2 The functions of AE monitoring are to detect, locate, and characterize AE sources to provide data to evaluate their significance relative to pressure boundary integrity. These sources are those activated during system operation, that is, no special stimulus is applied to produce AE. Other methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) may be used, when the pressure boundary is accessible, to further evaluate or substantiate the significance of detected AE sources.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E650/E650M-17(Guide)
Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures used in mounting AE sensors can have significant effects upon the performance of those sensors. Optimum and reproducible detection of AE requires both appropriate sensor-mounting fixtures and consistent sensor-mounting procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidelines for mounting piezoelectric acoustic emission (AE) sensors.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off