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ASTM D4958-97(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).
This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined.
Note 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D 4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushabilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.42 - Architectural Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4958-97 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D4958-10 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4287-00(2019) - Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7394-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004

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ASTM D4958-97(2004) - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex PaintsASTM D4958-97(2004) - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
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ASTM D4958-97(2004) - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4958–97(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure 4.1 A50-mm (2-in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test
2 2
for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent- paint on a 1000-cm (1.076-ft ) test area. The application is
2 2
borne paints. made at a spreading rate of 9.82 m /L (400 ft /gal) and is
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also appli- completed in 30 to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated
cable to solvent-borne paints. subjectively using a series of standard descriptive terms
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the correspondingtonumericalvaluesof1to10.Therankorderof
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information a set of samples is thereby established.
only.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is
reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent
improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes
2. Referenced Documents
it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for
2.1 ASTM Standards: easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser
and Related Products degree of brush drag).
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and 5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to
Pigmented Coatings maximize the reliability and precision with which this charac-
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a teristic may be determined.
Cone/Plate Viscometer
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results
ation
obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this
brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brush-
3. Terminology
abilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than
0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement
3.1 Definitions—See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for defini-
between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and
tion of terms used in this test method.
solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the
3.1.1 brush-drag, n—resistance encountered when applying
result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological
a coating by brush.
properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
6.1 Brush, 50-mm (2-in.) polyester filament, 70-mm (2 ⁄4-
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
in.) length-out, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick, with a chiseled tip.
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
NOTE 2—All tests of a given series of paints, within or between
in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4958 – 97. DOI: 10.1520/
laboratories, should be carried out with commercially identical brushes.
D4958-97R04.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.2 Stopwatch.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D01-1072.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4958–97 (2004)
6.3 Balance, capable of weighing accurately to 0.1 g. 1—Very slight
6.4 Test charts, with a sealed surface, having 1000 cm 2—Slight
3—Slight to moderate
2(1.076 ft ) of test area.
4—Moderate
5—Moderate to considerable
7. Sampling and Conditioning
6—Considerable
7.1 Sample in accordance with Pr
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).  
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined.
Note 1: The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushability corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when both latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.  
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapidly deforming by impact a coating film and its substrate and for evaluating the effect of such deformation.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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