ASTM F3116/F3116M-18
(Specification)Standard Specification for Design Loads and Conditions
Standard Specification for Design Loads and Conditions
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term airplane is used throughout this specification and will mean “small airplane.”
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units. In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units are as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units followed by Imperial units in square brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:F3116/F3116M −18
Standard Specification for
1
Design Loads and Conditions
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF3116/F3116M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness require- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
ments for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
F3331 Practice for Aircraft Water Loads
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility,
airplane is used throughout this specification and will mean
Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amend-
“small airplane.”
ment 62)
1.3 Theapplicantforadesignapprovalmustseekindividual
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency Regulations:
guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use
Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic,
of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information
and Commuter CategoryAeroplanes (CS-23,Amendment
on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard
3)
(in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small
Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-
Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the
VLA, Amendment 1)
Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/
COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.
3. Terminology
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units.
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and sym-
In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units
bols related to aircraft covered byASTM Committees F37 and
are as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a
F44 airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminol-
future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units
ogy F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this
followed by Imperial units in square brackets. The values
standard.
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ing values from the two systems may result in non-
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the
conformance with the standard.
chord of an airfoil section.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.2 downwash, n—the downward deflection of an air-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stream by an aircraft wing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 flight envelope, n—any combination of airspeed and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
load factor on and within the boundaries of a flight envelope
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that represents the envelope of the flight loading conditions
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
specified by the maneuvering and gust criteria.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 flight load factor, n—represents the ratio of the aero-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
dynamic force component (acting normal to the assumed
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
longitudinal axis of the airplane) to the weight of the airplane.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF44onGeneral Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on the ASTM website.
3
Structures. Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
4
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3116/F3116M–15. Available from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Postfach 10 12 53,
DOI: 10.1520/F3116_F3116M–18. D-50452 Cologne, Germany, https://www.easa.europa.eu/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F3116/F3116M−18
A positive flight load factor is one in which th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3116/F3116M − 15 F3116/F3116M − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Design Loads and Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3116/F3116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term airplane is
used throughout this specification and will mean “small airplane.”
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use of
this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole
or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to
ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units. In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units are
as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units followed
by Imperial units in square brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
F3331 Practice for Aircraft Water Loads
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amendment 62)
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency Regulations:
Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes (CS-23, Amendment 3)
Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-VLA, Amendment 1)
3. Terminology
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and F44
airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminology F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the chord of an airfoil section.
3.2.2 downwash, n—the downward deflection of an airstream by an aircraft wing.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on Structures.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2018. Published July 2015December 2018. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
F3116/F3116M–15. DOI: 10.1520/F3116_F3116M-15.10.1520/F3116_F3116M–18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC
20401, http://www.access.gpo.gov.http://www.gpo.gov.
4
Available from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Postfach 10 12 53, D-50452 Cologne, Germany, https://www.easa.europa.eu/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F3116/F3116M
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