ASTM F428-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Intensity of Scratches on Aerospace Glass Enclosures
Standard Test Method for Intensity of Scratches on Aerospace Glass Enclosures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Scratches exist on all glass surfaces. Often there are very fine scratches from cleaning operations that are not visible when looking through the glass. Visible scratches may be distracting to the observer looking through the transparency. Therefore, a procedure to define the severity scratches is useful. A visual standard is used because it is not practical to measure the dimensions of the fine scratches in the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the visual inspection of scratches on the glass surface of aerospace transparent enclosures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F428 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Intensity of Scratches on Aerospace Glass Enclosures
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF428;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Reference Materials
1.1 This test method covers the visual inspection of 5.1 GlassScratchVisualComparisonStandard consists of a
scratches on the glass surface of aerospace transparent enclo- set of six hermetically sealed glass plates 38 mm square with
sures. scratches of graded intensity on the inside surface. The lightest
scratch is identified as ASTM F428-3 and the heaviest as
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
ASTM F428-8.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
6. Procedure
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
6.1 Place the part in a suitable inspection position.This may
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
be horizontal on a padded table, vertical against a neutral to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
dark background, or at an angle simulating the installed
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
position. The scratched surface shall be toward the observer.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
The light level shall be a minimum of 80 lux. Either natural or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
artificial light may be used. If possible, move the light until the
scratch has the highest contrast against the background. Place
2. Referenced Documents
the scratch in the visual comparison standard beside and
2
2.1 Other Standards:
parallel to the scratch in question. Rotate the part or viewing
Glass Scratch Visual Comparison Standard
angle to get the best definition of the scratch. Disregarding the
length of the scratch on the part and on the standard, select and
3. Summary of Test Method
record the standard that most closely matches the appearance
3.1 A visual comparison is made between a set of graded
of the scratch on the part. Measure and record the length of the
scratch standards and the scratch on the glass aerospace
scratch to the nearest 1 mm.
transparency to determine the relative intensity of the scratch.
7. Interpretation
4. Significance and Use
7.1 Customer specifications for aerospace glass surfaced
4.1 Scratchesexistonallglasssurfaces.Oftentherearevery
transparent enclosures may detail allowable frequency,
fine scratches from cleaning operations that are not visible
location, length, and ASTM standard scratch number for
when looking through the glass. Visible scratches may be
scratches and they may assign maximum scratch limits for
distracting to the observer looking through the transparency.
critical and noncritical optical viewing areas.
Therefore, a procedure to define the severity scratches is
useful. A visual standard is used because it is not practical to
8. Report
measure the dimensions of the fine scratches in the scope of
8.1 For each scratch within the scope of the glass scratch
this test method.
standard, report its ASTM standard number (for example,
ASTM F428-5), length, frequency, and location.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on
4
Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on 9. Precision and Bias
Transparent Enclosures and Materials.
9.1 Precision:
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
published in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F428 – 03a. DOI:
10.1520/F0428-09.
2 3
The sole source of supply of the Glass Scratch Visual Comparison Standard Originally an adjunct that contained seven scratches was used. The finest
known to the committee at this time is Davidson Optronics, Inc., 2223 Ramona scratch (ASTM F428-2) was determined to be too difficult to use and manufacture.
Blvd., West Covina, CA 91790. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please Subsequently, it has been discontinued. Continued use of the older, seven-piece set
provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will is acceptable.
1 4
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, Aresearch report is available fromASTM International Headquarters. Request
which you may attend. RR:F07-1008.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F428 − 09
9.1.1 The repeatability of judging the intensity of a scratch 10. Keywords
within one
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F428–03a Designation:F428–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Intensity of Scratches on Aerospace Glass Enclosures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the visual inspection of scratches on the glass surface of aerospace transparent enclosures.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 Other Standards:
Glass Scratch Visual Comparison Standard
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Avisual comparison is made between a set of graded scratch standards and the scratch on the glass aerospace transparency
to determine the relative intensity of the scratch.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Scratches exist on all glass surfaces. Often there are very fine scratches from cleaning operations that are not visible when
looking through the glass. Visible scratches may be distracting to the observer looking through the enclosure.transparency.
Therefore, a procedure to define the severity scratches is useful. A visual standard is used because it is not practical to measure
the dimensions of the fine scratches in the scope of this test method.
5. Reference Materials
5.1 Glass Scratch Visual Comparison Standard consists of a set of six hermetically sealed glass plates 38 mm (1.5 in.) square
with scratches of graded intensity on the inside surface. The lightest scratch is identified as ASTM F 428-3 and the heaviest as
3
ASTM F 428-8.
6. Procedure
6.1 Place the part in a suitable inspection position. This may be horizontal on a padded table, vertical against a neutral to dark
background, or at an angle simulating the installed position. The scratched surface shall be toward the observer. The light level
shall be a minimum of 80 lux. Either natural or artificial light may be used. If possible, move the light until the scratch has the
highest contrast against the background. Place the scratch in the visual comparison standard beside and parallel to the scratch in
question. Rotate the part or viewing angle to get the best definition of the scratch. Disregarding the length of the scratch on the
part and on the standard, select and record the standard that most closely matches the appearance of the scratch on the part.
Measure and record the length of the scratch to the nearest 1 mm (or 0.05 in.). mm.
7. Interpretation
7.1 Customer specifications for aerospace glass surfaced transparent enclosures may detail allowable frequency, location,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on Transparent
Enclosures and Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003.May 15, 2009. Published November 2003.June 2009. Originally published in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as
F 428 – 03a.
2
The sole source of supply of the Glass Scratch Visual Comparison Standard known to the committee at this time is Davidson Optronics, Inc., 2223 Ramona Blvd., West
Covina, CA 91790. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3
Originally an adjunct that contained seven scratches was used. The finest scratch (ASTM F 428–2)428-2) was determined to be too difficult to use and manufacture.
Subsequently, it has been discontinued. Continued use of the older, seven-piece set is acceptable.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F428–09
length, andASTM standard scratch number for scratches and they may assign maximum scratch limits for critical and noncritical
optical viewing areas.
8. R
...
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