ASTM D2594/D2594M-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fabric stretch and fabric growth are useful in selection of fabrics that are required to stretch, but also recover to their original shape.
5.1.1 In apparel, fabric stretch can be caused by a variety of factors. A momentary stress occurs when a fabric is required to accommodate movement, such as sportswear and other loose-fitting apparel (also known as comfort stretch apparel) or external stress such as grabbing and pulling. Additionally, comfort apparel can be subjected to prolonged stress, such as stretching to accommodate positions such as sitting. Another example of prolonged stress occurs when a fabric is required to stretch to accommodate fitting the form of the body, such as swimwear, anchored slacks, and other form-fitting apparel (also known as semi-support apparel).
5.1.2 Fabric growth can also be in response to a variety of stresses. This method evaluates fabric growth due to exposure to prolonged stresses. In form-fitting apparel, fabric growth can apply as garments are worn for a prolonged period of time or under long periods of stress such as sitting. Upon removal of garments or stress, its growth can be seen and evaluated.
5.2 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipment because the between-laboratory precision is known to be poor.
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, eith...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabrics that exhibit high stretch and good recovery from low tension. Fabric stretch is measured when a known load is applied. Fabric growth is evaluated after a known extension is applied and subsequently removed.
1.2 The procedures for fabric stretch and fabric growth can be used together, or individually.
1.3 While this test method can be used for a knit fabric, fabrics intended for support or other applications are better evaluated using other test methods: D3107, D4964, D6614.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2594/D2594M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2594/D2594M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabrics that
3
drawn 2008)
exhibit high stretch and good recovery from low tension.
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
Fabric stretch is measured when a known load is applied.
3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
Fabric growth is evaluated after a known extension is applied
D3107 Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Wo-
and subsequently removed.
ven from Stretch Yarns
1.2 The procedures for fabric stretch and fabric growth can
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
be used together, or individually.
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
1.3 While this test method can be used for a knit fabric, Methods
fabrics intended for support or other applications are better
D4964 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic
evaluated using other test methods: D3107, D4964, D6614. Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing
Machine)
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D6614 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
– CRE Method
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3. Terminology
used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the bench marks, refer to Terminology D4849.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
method: fabric growth; fabric stretch; low-power stretch and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tension, refer to Terminology D4850.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
method, refer to Terminology D123.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 4.1 Fabric Growth—Tension is applied to a looped fabric
specimen until it is extended to a specified elongation. The test
2. Referenced Documents
specimenisheldinplacefor2h.Thepercentchangeinthetest
2
specimen length is measured immediately after removal of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tension. The test specimen is then allowed one hour to recover
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
without tension. The percent change in test specimen length is
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
measured again after this recovery period.
1
4.2 Fabric Stretch—A specified tension is applied to and
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
removed from a looped fabric specimen for five cycles. On the
General.
fifth time tension is applied, the tension is held and the percent
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally
change in the test specimen length is measured.
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D2594 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/D2594_D2594M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2594/D2594M − 21
5. Significance and Use 6. Apparatus
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2594 − 20 D2594/D2594M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2594;D2594/D2594M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabrics that exhibit high stretch and good recovery from low tension. Fabric
stretch is measured when a known load is applied. Fabric growth is evaluated after a known extension is applied and subsequently
removed.
1.2 The procedures for fabric stretch and fabric growth can be used together, or individually.
1.3 While this test method can be used for a knit fabric, fabrics intended for support or other applications are better evaluated using
other test methods: D3107, D4964, D6614.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents;
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningother, and
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
3
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D3107 Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved July 1, 2020July 1, 2021. Published August 2020August 2021. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20162020 as
D2594 – 04D2594 – 20.(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D2594-20.10.1520/D2594_D2594M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2594/D2594M − 21
D4964 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
D6614 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics – CRE Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method: bench marks, refer to Terminology D4849.
3.1.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: fabric growth; fabric stretch; low-power stretch and tension, refer
to Terminology D4850.
3.1.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Fabric Growth—Tension is applied to a looped fabric specimen until it is extended to a specified elongation. The test specimen
is held in place for 2 h. The percent change in the test specimen length is measured immediately after removal of the tension. The
test specimen is then allowed one hour to recover without tension. The percen
...
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