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ASTM D5428-02(2007)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to be a general guideline for repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data collection for inflatable restraints.
This practice may be used by the purchaser and the supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, this practice shall constitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions used to evaluate the physical performance of inflatable restraint modules and module components during and after deployment.
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures determined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by visual inspection.
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side inflatable restraint modules.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice acknowledged in the report.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
43.040.80 - Crash protection and restraint systems
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.20 - Inflatable Restraints
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5428-02 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D5428-08 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008

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ASTM D5428-02(2007) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint ModulesASTM D5428-02(2007) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
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ASTM D5428-02(2007) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5428 – 02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 SAE Standard:
J211 Instrumentation for Impact Test
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions
usedtoevaluatethephysicalperformanceofinflatablerestraint
3. Terminology
modulesandmodulecomponentsduringandafterdeployment.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be
3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthisstandard,refer
obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures deter-
to Terminology D123 and Terminology D6799.
mined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by
high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by
4. Summary of Practice
visual inspection.
4.1 Inflatablerestraintmodulesaremountedintoateststand
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side
that allows for deployments under conditions that duplicate or
inflatable restraint modules.
closely resemble the conditions in a vehicle.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this
4.2 Instrumentation within the test stand charts inflation
practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and
pressures versus time. High-speed photography visually cap-
the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice
tures changing cushion geometries over time.
acknowledged in the report.
4.3 Moduledeploymentsarereviewedforpressureandtime
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
relationships, cushion geometries at one or more times during
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
the cycle, and post-inflation material analysis.
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
must be used independent of the other.
5. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
collection for inflatable restraints.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint
modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a
2. Referenced Documents
2 lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
purchaserandthesupplier,thispracticeshallconstitutethetest
D6799 Terminology Relating to Inflatable Restraints
conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable
2.2 Federal Standard:
restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be
CFR 49 Code of Federal Regulations
used as a guideline in establishing a written material specifi-
cation or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.
describedhereinwhen(basedonexperience)considerationsof
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5428–02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or restraint system design dictate otherwise.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth
Office, Washington, DC 20525. Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5428 – 02 (2007)
6. Interferences deploymentsmustbeequippedwiththeappropriateequipment
and safety training. Examples of the necessary safety equip-
6.1 The pressure transducer and pickup tube must be
ment include; remote firing systems, equipment shielding,
mounted in a position which does not interfere with the
laboratory clothing, safety glasses, gloves, and electrostatic
unfolding cushion.
grounding straps. Proper written safety procedures shall be
6.2 The pressure versus time data is subject to recording
followed in accordance with standard ordinance and pyrotech-
anomalies and electronic noise. The data should be digitally
nic industry practices. All applicable OSHA safety standards
filteredtoobtaintheunderlyingsmoothpressurecurvepriorto
shall be identified and complied with.
data analysis.
9. Sampling
7. Apparatus
9.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and therefore
7.1 Mounting Fixture, suitable for simulating as closely as
necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction with
possible the physical features of the location of a module
lot acceptance. The sampling plan shall be determined by
mounted in a vehicle. See A1.1.
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
7.2 Pressure Transducer and Pickup Tube, suitable for
measuringpressuresinsidethecushionfrom0to689kPa(0to
10. Temperature Conditioning
100psi),mountedinastaticorlow-pressureareainthemodule
thatdoesnotinterferewithcushiondeployment,andcapableof 10.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and there-
withstanding the temperatures of the conditioning chamber. fore necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction
See A1.2. with lot acceptance.The sampling plan shall be determined by
7.3 Film or Tape Video System, suitable for recording the agreement of purchaser and supplier. Module assemblies are
changing geometry of the cushion during deployment at 1000 conditioned at cold, ambient, or hot temperatures prior to
or more frames per second, and capable of being synchronized deployment. Unless otherwise specified, the conditioning tem-
precisely with a firing pulse. peratures are: −30°C (−22°F) for cold, 22°C (72°F) for
7.4 Data Acquisition System, suitable for recording the ambient, and 80°C (176°F) for hot. Use a temperature toler-
output of a pressure transducer versus elapsed time of deploy- ance of 62°C (65°F) and condition for a minimum of4hto
ment. See A1.3.
ensureestablishmentofmoistureequilibrium.Assembliesshall
7.5 Conditioning Chamber, suitable for maintaining the be placed in the conditioning chamber in a manner that allows
temperature of a module in a range between −55°C (−67°F)
free air movement and no direct contact with the chamber
and 120°C (248°F) with a tolerance of 62°C (64°F). See walls.
A1.4.
10.2 Aconditioned module shall be deployed within 3 min
7.6 Electrical Firing Pulse Source,suitableforactuatingthe ofremovalfromtheconditioningchamber.Ifthe3-minlimitis
inflator and able to communicate with recording devices exceeded, the module shall be reconditioned for 10 min for
dependent on an electrical starting signal. See A1.5. every minute past the 3-min limit.
7.7 Lighting System, suitable for high-resolution photogra-
phy. 11. Procedure
7.8 For inflatable restraints, all measurement equipment
11.1 Conditionthemoduleinaccordancewith10.1and10.2
used in accordance with the procedures referenced in this
at the temperature specified for the test.
practice shall be certified for calibration annually by an
11.2 Perform all system calibrations.
independent agency or equipment manufacturer whose results
11.3 Verify proper framing rate, camera settings, and light-
are traceable to National Institute of Science and Technology
ing intensity levels.
(NIST) or other national standards laboratory. The test param-
11.4 Enter the test serial number into recording portions of
eters of the eq
...

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5.1 This test method may be used for product development and design, production validation, manufacturing process control, lot acceptance, or for a combination thereof.  
5.2 The rate of inflation in this method does not attempt to mimic that of an actual cushion deployment, nor is it intended to subject the cushion to the dynamic loads, stress, and temperatures during such an event. It is also recognized that the compressed air used for this tests may not leak through the cushion at the same rate as the gas or mixture of gasses typically used in cushion inflators. Rather this method is intended to give a relative indication of the pressure holding ability of the cushion.  
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1.1 This test method is intended to determine the ability of an inflatable restraint cushion to retain air pressure at elevated pressures for a specified time interval.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data collection for inflatable restraints.  
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.  
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, this practice shall constitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For inflatable restraints, practices for conducting accelerated aging are designed to determine the aggravated effects on a fabric from exposures to heat, humidity, or ozone, or a combination thereof. These environmental conditions may also be cycled in combination. The four accelerated aging procedures of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints are referred to as cycle aging, heat aging, humidity aging, and ozone aging.  
5.2 The environmental conditions described in this practice are designed to allow restraints so that reliable comparisons may be made between different fabrics and different laboratories.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for product development and design, production validation, manufacturing process control, lot acceptance, or for a combination thereof.  
5.2 The rate of inflation in this method does not attempt to mimic that of an actual cushion deployment, nor is it intended to subject the cushion to the dynamic loads, stress, and temperatures during such an event. It is also recognized that the compressed air used for this tests may not leak through the cushion at the same rate as the gas or mixture of gasses typically used in cushion inflators. Rather this method is intended to give a relative indication of the pressure holding ability of the cushion.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the ability of an inflatable restraint cushion to retain air pressure at elevated pressures for a specified time interval.  
1.2 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this test method may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier, provided the specific deviations from the standard acknowledged in the report.  
1.3 The results of this test method should not be used to predict the actual internal pressure decay of a cushion during a deployment.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Inflatable Restraint Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For inflatable restraints, practices for conducting accelerated aging are designed to determine the aggravated effects on a fabric from exposures to heat, humidity, or ozone, or a combination thereof. These environmental conditions may also be cycled in combination. The four accelerated aging procedures of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints are referred to as cycle aging, heat aging, humidity aging, and ozone aging.  
5.2 The environmental conditions described in this practice are designed to allow restraints so that reliable comparisons may be made between different fabrics and different laboratories.  
5.3 In order to achieve precise and reliable physical property comparisons of different fabrics, it is necessary to control accurately the humidity, temperature, ozone, and cycling conditions to which the fabric is subjected.  
5.4 Fabric specimens are configured in accordance with the requirements of test methods to be conducted on the specimens subsequent to accelerated aging.  
5.5 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, this practice shall constitute the conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable restraint fabrics are conditioned and aged. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification. The specification or agreement of the purchaser and the supplier may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the accelerated aging of inflatable restraint fabrics when required as a preparatory step for other test methods.  
1.1.1 In Section 7, this practice lists four methods for conducting accelerated aging that are of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints. They are as follows:    
Description  
Section  
Cycle aging (Option “A” or “B”)  
8.4  
Heat aging (Option “A” or “B”)  
8.4.3.1  
Humidity aging (Option “A” or “B”)  
8.7  
Ozone aging  
8.8  
1.2 This practice may be used in conjunction with other ASTM test methods when subsequent tests of physical properties are required of aged fabric specimens.  
1.3 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier with the specific deviations from the standard practice acknowledged in the report.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5428-08(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data collection for inflatable restraints.  
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.  
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, this practice shall constitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions used to evaluate the physical performance of inflatable restraint modules and module components during and after deployment.  
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures determined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by visual inspection.  
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side inflatable restraint modules.  
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice acknowledged in the report.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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