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ASTM C78-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods C 42/C 42M or Practices C 31/C 31M or C 192/C 192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. The strength determined will vary where there are differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture condition, curing, or where the beam has been molded or sawed to size.
The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with specifications or as a basis for proportioning, mixing and placement operations. It is used in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and pavements (Note 1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalent of inch-pound units has been rounded where necessary for practical application.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Aug-2007
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.61 - Testing for Strength
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C78-02 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C78-08 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2008
Referred By
ASTM D7972-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C928/C928M-20a - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C688-22 - Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7958/D7958M-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance for FRP Composite Bonded to Concrete Substrate using Beam Test
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1399/C1399M-10(2015) - Standard Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C651-20 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room Temperature
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007

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ASTM C78-07 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)ASTM C78-07 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
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ASTM C78-07 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C78–07
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with
1
Third-Point Loading)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 78;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* rupture. The strength determined will vary where there are
differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture condition,
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheflexural
curing, or where the beam has been molded or sawed to size.
strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with
3.2 The results of this test method may be used to determine
third-point loading.
compliance with specifications or as a basis for proportioning,
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
mixing and placement operations. It is used in testing concrete
asthestandard.TheSIequivalentofinch-poundunitshasbeen
for the construction of slabs and pavements (Note 1).
rounded where necessary for practical application.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirements
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of the sections on Basis of Verification, Corrections, and Time
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Interval Between Verifications of PracticesE4. Hand operated
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
testing machines having pumps that do not provide a continu-
2. Referenced Documents ous loading in one stroke are not permitted. Motorized pumps
2 or hand operated positive displacement pumps having suffi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cient volume in one continuous stroke to complete a test
C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
without requiring replenishment are permitted and shall be
Specimens in the Field
capable of applying loads at a uniform rate without shock or
C 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
interruption.
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
4.2 Loading Apparatus—The third point loading method
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
shall be used in making flexure tests of concrete employing
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
bearing blocks which will ensure that forces applied to the
C 617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Speci-
beam will be perpendicular to the face of the specimen and
mens
applied without eccentricity. A diagram of an apparatus that
C 1077 PracticeforLaboratoriesTestingConcreteandCon-
accomplishes this purpose is shown in Fig. 1.
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
4.2.1 Allapparatusformakingflexuretestsofconcreteshall
Laboratory Evaluation
be capable of maintaining the specified span length and
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
distances between load-applying blocks and support blocks
3. Significance and Use
constant within 60.05 in. (61.3 mm).
4.2.2 The ratio of the horizontal distance between the point
3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural
of application of the load and the point of application of the
strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with
nearest reaction to the depth of the beam shall be 1.0 6 0.03.
Test Methods C 42/C 42M or Practices C 31/C 31M or C 192/
4.2.3 If an apparatus similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1 is
C 192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of
used: the load-applying and support blocks should not be more
1
than2 ⁄2in.(64mm)high,measuredfromthecenterortheaxis
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
of pivot, and should extend entirely across or beyond the full
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
width of the specimen. Each case-hardened bearing surface in
C09.61 on Testing for Strength.
contact with the specimen shall not depart from a plane by
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 78 – 02. more than 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) and shall be a portion of a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cylinder, the axis of which is coincidental with either the axis
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of the rod or center of the ball, whichever the block is pivoted
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
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SCOPE
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Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
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Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

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4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off