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ASTM E2202-02

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards

Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This standard defines measurement procedures for estimating the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among users of noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and mobile, transportable, and stationary equipment. The primary approach is to separately measure the sound level at operator ear locations for each normal operating condition. These levels can be combined with operational use scenarios and exposure criteria to define noise exposure severity. The data can also be used to define hearing protection requirements or administrative controls to preclude hearing hazard.
The practice has the following limitations:
5.2.1 The practice uses field portable measurement equipment.
5.2.2 The practice produces data which may be compared with applicable criteria or limits if the limits are in terms of the quantities measured in this standard or which can be calculated from the measured data.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines noise measurement procedures for estimating the risk of hearing loss among users of noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and other mobile, transportable, or stationary equipment.
1.2 This standard does not recommend noise exposure limit levels or criteria for any application discussed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.08 - Mechanical and Electrical System Noise
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2202-02(2009) - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM E2202-02 - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health HazardsASTM E2202-02 - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards
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ASTM E2202-02 - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2202–02
Standard Practice for
Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for
Assessment of Health Hazards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope normally occupied by personnel. The hazard contours around
the equipment are also determined in terms of A-weighted
1.1 This standard defines noise measurement procedures for
sound levels in decibels. In some cases, duty cycle testing is
estimating the risk of hearing loss among users of noise
used to determine time-weighted average sound levels.
producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles,
4.2 The operating conditions for specific equipment types
aircraft, watercraft, and other mobile, transportable, or station-
are in sections as follows:
ary equipment.
4.2.1 Ground vehicles in 8.2 and 9.2.
1.2 This standard does not recommend noise exposure limit
4.2.2 Construction and material handling equipment in 9.3.
levels or criteria for any application discussed.
4.2.3 Watercraft in 9.4.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2.4 Stationary equipment in 9.5.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2.5 Helicopters in 9.6.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 This standard defines measurement procedures for esti-
2. Referenced Documents mating the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among users of
noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
aircraft, watercraft, and mobile, transportable, and stationary
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
equipment. The primary approach is to separately measure the
2.2 ANSI Standards :
sound level at operator ear locations for each normal operating
ANSI S 1.1 Acoustical Terminology
condition. These levels can be combined with operational use
ANSI S 1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
scenarios and exposure criteria to define noise exposure
ANSI S 1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-
severity. The data can also be used to define hearing protection
Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters
requirements or administrative controls to preclude hearing
ANSI S1.25 Specification for Personal Noise Dosimeters
hazard.
ANSI S 1.40 Specification for Acoustical Calibrators
5.2 The practice has the following limitations:
3. Terminology 5.2.1 The practice uses field portable measurement equip-
ment.
3.1 Except as noted inAppendix X1, the terms and symbols
5.2.2 The practice produces data which may be compared
used in this practice are defined in Terminology C 634.
with applicable criteria or limits if the limits are in terms of the
3.2 The terms specific to nonmandatoryAppendix X1 are in
quantities measured in this standard or which can be calculated
X1.2.
from the measured data.
4. Summary of Practice
6. Instrumentation
4.1 For most equipment generating steady noise, the
6.1 Requirements:
A-weighted and octave band levels are measured at locations
6.1.1 Sound level meters and microphones shall conform to
requirements for type 1, as specified by ANSI S1.4.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building
6.1.2 Band filter sets shall meet the requirements for Order
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3, Type 3-D, Extended Range, as specified by ANSI S1.11.
E33.08 on Mechanical and Electrical System Noise.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published July 2002.
6.1.3 Acoustic calibrators shall meet ANSI S1.40.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06
6.1.4 Noise dosimeters shall meet ANSI S1.25.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
6.2 Calibration:
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2202–02
6.2.1 All noise measurement instrumentation shall have measurement, the microphone shall be rotated in a 15 to 30 cm
undergone a complete electro-acoustical calibration in accor- diameter horizontal circle with the microphone sensing ele-
dance with manufacturer’s instruction no more than 1 year ment facing up.
prior to the noise measurement.
8.4 Noise Contours—Where the steady-state sound level
around stationary equipment is 85 dB(A) or greater, the
6.2.2 The noise measurement instrumentation, including
microphones and filter sets, shall undergo an end to end distances and directions from the noise source at which the
sound level equals 85 dB(A) shall be determined. The 85
calibration check with an acoustical calibrator prior to the start
dB(A) contours shall also be determined for mobile equipment
of the measurement, and after completion, on the day of the
which could, at times, be stationary. The 85 dB(A) contour
measurement. If the sensitivity after the measurements differs
shall be determined from measurements made around the noise
from the sensitivity before the measurement by more than 0.5
dB, the data shall be discarded. source at angular increments not greater than 45 degrees, and
also at the noisiest angle.
7. Test Environment
NOTE 1—The 85 dB(A) contour is the most commonly used. Certain
jurisdictions use other values such as 84 dB(A) or 90 dB(A). For
7.1 Test Site—Equipment shall be tested in its exact oper-
equipment capable of generating very high noise levels additional
ating location if the location is known and such testing is
contours may be specified such as a 103 dB(A) contour within which
feasible. When this is not possible, the test site shall be a
double hearing protection may be required by certain jurisdictions. For
uniform flat paved surface or hemi-anechoic chamber. It shall
these cases, the appropriate contour level shall be measured.
be free of reflecting surfaces such as buildings, trees, or
hillsides within 30 m. A grass surface, free of ice, snow, or
9. Equipment Configuration and Operating Conditions
vegetation over 15 cm tall may be substituted if the equipment
9.1 General—Systems shall be operated as required to
is not normally operated on a paved surface.
accomplish their intended missions or functions.The operating
7.2 Background Noise—When practical, background noise,
conditions listed are preferred but other conditions may be
including wind noise, shall be at least 10 dB below that of the
added if they are judged to result in more accurate noise
equipment noise being measured; however, background noise
exposure estimates.
shall always be at least 10 dB below the criteria.Awindscreen
9.2 Ground Vehicles:
shall be used at wind velocities of 10 km/h or more. Measure-
9.2.1 Equipment Openings—All windows, vents, and ac-
ments shall not be made at wind velocities of 20 km/h or more.
cess openings shall be in the normal operation position. If it is
7.3 Surface and Grade for Vehicle Testing—Vehicles shall
possible to operate with these in either the open or closed
be driven along a dry, smooth, paved, and level road (<1 %
positions, both configurations shall be tested.
grade), free from gravel or other loose material. Vehicles
9.2.2 Vehicle Speed and Gear—The vehicle speed shall be
having nonrubber-padded tracks shall be driven on level,
measured by a calibrated speedometer or other velocity mea-
compact earth. Measurements shall not be made when the road
suring device. Measurements shall be made at either 8 or 16
surface is wet, covered with snow or ice, or during precipita-
km/h increments up to the maximum vehicle speed. If 16 km/h
tion.
increments are selected, measurements shall start at 16 km/h
rather than 8 km/h.
8. Measurement Location and Orientation
9.2.3 Load-Carrying Equipment—All load-carrying equip-
8.1 If possible, measure at the probable head position of the
ment shall be operated at the maximum payload including any
occupant of interest with the occupant absent. If an operator
towed trailers at maximum payload.
must be present to operate the equipment under test, measure
9.2.4 All subsystems and auxiliary equipment normally in
the operator position by placing the microphone 15 cm from
use shall be operating. Where heaters and air conditioners may
themoreexposedear.Ifthereisawallorreflectivesurfaceless
be used at the same time (such as humidity control) both shall
than 30 cm from that ear, measure midway between the ear and
be operated. Where both heaters and air conditioners are
the surface.
present, the one producing the higher sound level shall be
8.2 For ground equipment or watercraft, sound measure-
operated.
ments shall be made at:
9.3 Construction and Materials-Handling Equipment:
8.2.1 Each operator or crew position.
9.3.1 Duty cycle testing may be used. Define a duty cycle
8.2.2 Representative positions where one or more individu-
typical of the anticipated use of the equipment. If more than
als (for example, passengers) will be located, and one type of duty cycle is applicable, specify the most fre-
quently used and the noisiest duty cycles.
8.2.3 Occasionally occupied positions during typical opera-
tion or maintenance of the item or system. 9.3.2 Duty cycles shall be as short as practical and the noise
exposure of sufficient cycles shall be measured for a minimum
8.3 For aircraft sound measurements shall be made at or
duration of1hat rated capacity.
near the head positions of all crew stations and at a represen-
9.3.3 Theequipmentshallbeoperatedatatestsitetypicalof
tative number of passenger stations. Whenever possible, mea-
the environment in which the equipment is to be used.
surements should be made with the crew member or passenger
absent. The measurement shall be at the elevation of the center 9.3.4 Measure the time-averaged A-weighted sound level
of the head (80 cm above the seat reference point or, if L (r) at the operator ear position where r is the applicable
avg
standing, at 160 cm above the floor). If practical during each exchange rate (see Appendix X1).
E2202–02
NOTE 2—The exchange rate must be specified if the measurements are
9.6.4.3 Doors and windows closed, removable acoustic
for a jurisdiction which uses exchange rates other than 5 dB per doubling
treatment out.
of time.
9.6.5 Helicopter Ground Measurements:
9.6.5.1 Positions—Measurements shall be made at the head
9.3.5 I
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard defines measurement procedures for estimating the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among users of noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and mobile, transportable, and stationary equipment. The primary approach is to separately measure the sound level at operator ear locations for each normal operating condition. These levels can be combined with operational use scenarios and exposure criteria to define noise exposure severity. The data can also be used to define hearing protection requirements or administrative controls to preclude hearing hazards.  
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4.1 Situations for which outdoor sound level data are required include, but are not limited to, comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits.  
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4.5 This guide can be used to establish compliance or noncompliance at the time, distance, and conditions during which the data were obtained. However, this guide is only a measurement procedure and does not address the problem of projecting the acquired data outside those conditions, other times of day, other distances, or comparison with specific criteria. In particular, for a given sound source level, distant noise levels will often be found to be greater at night than during the day.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the measurement of outdoor sound due to a fixed sound source such as a siren, stationary pump, power plant, or music amphitheater. Procedures characterize the location, sound level, spectral content, and temporal characteristics of that sound source at the time of measurement. Users should be aware that wind and temperature gradients can cause significant variations in sound levels beyond 300 m. With appropriate caution, the use of measurements resulting from this guide include but are not limited to:  
1.1.1 Assessing compliance with applicable regulations,  
1.1.2 Monitoring the effectiveness of a noise reduction plan,  
1.1.3 Verifying the effectiveness of measures for mitigation of noise impact,  
1.1.4 Validating sound prediction models, and  
1.1.5 Obtaining source data for use in sound prediction models.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1265-04(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Insertion Loss of Pneumatic Exhaust Silencers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method permits the evaluation of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas exhausts (usually air). The data can be used by manufacturers to assess or improve their products, or by users to select or specify a silencer. The data acquired using this measurement method allow for performance comparisons of competitive products and aid in the selection of an appropriate device.  
5.2 Flow rate is an important parameter to consider when the application involves machinery or equipment that requires compressed air or other gases to be exhausted rapidly. For example, in an automatic pneumatic press, compressed air must be exhausted rapidly to avoid a premature second cycle. For this reason, flow ratio is reported in addition to acoustical performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas (usually air) exhausts from orifices connected to pipe sizes up to 3/4 in. NPT. This test method is not applicable for exhausts performing useful work, such as part conveying, ejection, or cleaning. This test method evaluates acoustical performance using A-weighted sound level measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2611-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Normal Incidence Determination of Porous Material Acoustical Properties Based on the Transfer Matrix Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several purposes of this test:  
5.1.1 For transmission loss: (a) to characterize the sound insulation characteristics of materials in a less expensive and less time consuming approach than Test Method E90 and ISO 140-3 (“reverberant room methods”),  (b) to allow small samples tested when larger samples are impossible to construct or to transport, (c) to allow a rapid technique that does not require an experienced professional to run.  
5.1.2 For transfer matrix: (a) to determine additional acoustic properties of the material; (b) to allow calculation of acoustic properties of built-up or composite materials by the combination of their individual transfer matrices.  
5.2 There are significant differences between this method and that of the more traditional reverberant room method. Specifically, in this approach the sound impinges on the specimen in a perpendicular direction (“normal incidence”) only, compared to the random incidence of traditional methods. Additionally, revereration room methods specify certain minimum sizes for test specimens which may not be practical for all materials. At present the correlation, if any, between the two methods is not known. Even though this method may not replicate the reverberant room methods for measuring the transmission loss of materials, it can provide comparison data for small specimens, something that cannot be done in the reverberant room method. Normal incidence transmission loss may also be useful in certain situations where the material is placed within a small acoustical cavity close to a sound source, for example, a closely-fitted machine enclosure or portable electronic device.  
5.3 Transmission loss is not only a property of a material, but is also strongly dependent on boundary conditions inherent in the method and details of the way the material is mounted. This must be considered in the interpretation of the results obtained by this test method.  
5.4 The quantities are measured as a functio...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of a tube, four microphones, and a digital frequency analysis system for the measurement of normal incident transmission loss and other important acoustic properties of materials by determination of the acoustic transfer matrix.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM E1110-06(2019)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Determination of Articulation Class

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each weighting factor given in Table 1 represents the fraction of overall speech intelligence contained within the associated one-third octave frequency band.  
4.2 The weighting factors in Table 1 are obtained by multiplying each individual one-third octave band weighting factor of ANSI S3.5-1969 by 300. Articulation class (AC) values are thus related to but distinctly different from articulation index (AI) values. In particular, the AC considers only the effect of signal attenuation; while the AI considers such additional factors as speech level and spectrum and background sound level and spectrum.
Note 2: The AC is similar to the DAI rating proposed by Warnock6 and has been shown to correlate with AI values derived from ANSI S3.5, except where the AI approaches 1 or 0 (AI values range between 1 and 0 and approach 0 with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility). Articulation class values give the reverse. They usually exceed 100 and increase with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility. Extensive comparison between AC ratings and subjective judgments of open-plan speech privacy has not yet been accomplished.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification provides a single figure rating that can be used for comparing building systems and subsystems for speech privacy purposes. The rating is designed to correlate with transmitted speech intelligence between office spaces.  
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this classification are applications involving female speakers or children,2 languages other than English, and sound spectra other than speech. Thus excluded, for example, would be comparisons of building systems or subsystems for their effectiveness in reducing transmitted noise from machinery, industrial processes, bowling alleys, music rooms, places of entertainment, and the like.  
Note 1: Published work by Pearsons, et al, may eventually permit the restriction on female speakers to be relaxed.3  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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