ASTM D451/D451M-17(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D451/D451M −17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Sieve Analysis of Granular Mineral Surfacing for Asphalt
Roofing Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D451/D451M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle 4.1 This test method is used to determine the grading of
size distribution of granular mineral surfacing material such as materials used as granular mineral surfacing. The results are
crushed slate, stone, coated granules, and so forth, used on the used to determine compliance of the particle size distribution
weather surface of prepared asphalt roofing and shingles. with applicable specification requirements.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
5. Apparatus
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
5.1 Sieves—Aset of the sieves listed in Table 1, conforming
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
to Specification E11. For routine testing, the group of sieves
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
actually used shall include only those appropriate for the
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
granular material being graded. Coarser or finer sieves, on
with the standard.
which less than 0.05 mass % of the specimen would be found
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
after sieving, need not be included in the group.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Sieve Shaker—A mechanically operated sieve shaker,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
which produces a uniform rotary motion and tapping action
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with140to160tapsperminute.Thesieveshakershallbefitted
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with a plug to receive the impact of the tapping device. The
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
plug shall be one of the following: a hard maple plug; a #9
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
black rubber plug; or a #22 cork plug as chosen by the user.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Plug dimensions are: top diameter 44 6 1 mm, bottom
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical diameter 37 6 1 mm, and length of 38 6 6 mm. See Note 1.
The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
solid foundation, preferably concrete.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Supporting data on the equivalency of the plug materials is on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
file at ASTM Headquarters.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
5.3 Sample Splitter—The riffle sample splitter is an open
Sieves
V-shaped box in which a series of chutes is mounted at right
angles to the long axis to give a series of rectangular slots of
3. Summary of Test Method
equal area alternatively feeding two trays placed on either side
3.1 A weighed sample of granular mineral surfacing mate-
of the trough.The sample is poured into the chute and split into
rial is separated through a series of sieves of progressively
equal portions by the slots, until, after repeated cycles, a
smaller openings for the determination of particle size distri-
sample of the desired size is obtained.Ariffle sampler with 9.5
bution.
3 1
or 12.7 mm [ ⁄8 or ⁄2 in.] divisions shall be used for reducing
the sample to the specimen required for sieve analysis.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
andWaterproofingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD08.02onSteep
5.4 Balance—A laboratory balance sensitive to 0.1 g.
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
6. Sampling
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D451/D451M – 17.
DOI: 10.1520/D0451_D0451M-17R22.
6.1 Each shipment of mineral granules of a single type shall
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be considered a unit for sampling. If a shipment contains more
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
than one type of granule, the entire quantity of each type in the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. vehicle shall be considered a unit for sampling.
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D451/D451M−17 (2022)
TABLE 1 Report Form
the entire sample from pan A of the first split into the splitter
Retained on Sieve Passing Sieve Percent again. Repeat this process until one of the split pans contains
3.35 mm (No. 6) . . . the target sample amount.
A
2.36 mm (No. 8) 3.35 mm
...