ASTM C652-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)
Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. The bricks are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements specified. Bricks that are colored by flashing or textured by sanding, where sand does not form a continuous coating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick. Hollow bricks require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick. The hollow bricks can be classified into Grades SW and MW according to their degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration by weathering. According to their physical properties, the bricks can be classified into Types HBS, HBX, HBA, and HBB. In terms of size of void areas or hollow spaces, the bricks can be designated into Classes H40V and H60V. The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, and surface treatments, including coatings, that would interfere with the proper laying of the brick or significantly impair the strength or performance of the construction. Physical properties like compressive strength, water absorption, saturation coefficient, breakage, and cracks shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered. In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 3.3). This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specification C 902).
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in Terminology C 1232.)
1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C 34 and C 212) and solid brick (Specifications C 62 and C 216). Hollow brick require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes whic...
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Designation: C652 – 09
Standard Specification for
Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or
1
Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.1 This specification covers hollow building brick and
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Four types of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
hollowbrickineachoftwogradesandtwoclassesarecovered.
and are not considered standard.
In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understood
to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional
2. Referenced Documents
area(solidarea)inanyplaneparalleltothesurface,containing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75% of its gross
C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall
cross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 3.3).This
Tile
specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving
C62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units
brick (see Specification C902).
Made From Clay or Shale)
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick
Structural Clay Tile
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform-
C212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile
ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
Made from Clay or Shale)
1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured
C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving
from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
Brick
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between
E835/E835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clay and
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
Concrete Masonry Units
bility requirements of this specification. (See “firing” and
“firing bond” in Terminology C1232.)
3. Classification
1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile
3.1 Grades—Two grades of hollow brick are covered:
(Specifications C34 and C212) and solid brick (Specifications
3.1.1 Grade SW—Hollow brick intended for use where a
C62 and C216). Hollow brick require greater shell and web
high and uniform degree of resistance to frost action and
thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than
disintegration by weathering is desired and the exposure is
structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser
suchthatthehollowbrickmaybefrozenwhenpermeatedwith
distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick.
water.
Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be
3.1.2 Grade MW—Hollow brick intended for use where a
different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those
moderate and somewhat nonuniform degree of resistance to
constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick.
frost action is permissible or where they are unlikely to be
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
permeated with water when exposed to temperatures below
whichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesandfootnotes
freezing.
3.2 Types—Four types of hollow brick are covered:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C652–07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0652-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C65
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C652–07 Designation: C 652 – 09
Standard Specification for
Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or
1
Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thisspecificationcovershollowbuildingbrickandhollowfacingbrickmadefromclay,shale,fireclay,ormixturesthereof,
and fired to incipient fusion. Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered. In this specification,
the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any
plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75% of its gross cross-sectional area measured
in the same plane (see 3.3). This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specification C902).
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted
frommasonrystructuresfordeterminingconformanceornonconformancetothepropertyrequirements(Section5)ofthisstandard
is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the
particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in
Terminology C43C1232.)
1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C34 and C212 and C212) and solid brick
(Specifications C62 and C216 and C216). Hollow brick require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum
compressivestrengththanstructuralclaytile,butpermitgreatervoidareaandlesserdistancefromexposededgetocoreholethan
solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from
those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile C43Terminology of Structural Clay Products
C62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
E835/E835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clay and Concrete Masonry Units
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Aug.March 1, 2007.2009. Published August 2007.March 2009. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
C652–05a.C652–07.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C652–09
3. Classification
3.1 Grades—Two grades of hollow brick are covered:
3.1.1 Grade SW—Hollowbrickintendedforusewhereahigha
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C652–07 Designation: C 652 – 09
Standard Specification for
Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or
1
Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thisspecificationcovershollowbuildingbrickandhollowfacingbrickmadefromclay,shale,fireclay,ormixturesthereof,
and fired to incipient fusion. Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered. In this specification,
the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any
plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75% of its gross cross-sectional area measured
in the same plane (see 3.3). This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specification C902).
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted
frommasonrystructuresfordeterminingconformanceornonconformancetothepropertyrequirements(Section5)ofthisstandard
is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the
particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in
Terminology C43C1232.)
1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C34 and C212 and C212) and solid brick
(Specifications C62 and C216 and C216). Hollow brick require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum
compressivestrengththanstructuralclaytile,butpermitgreatervoidareaandlesserdistancefromexposededgetocoreholethan
solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from
those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile C43Terminology of Structural Clay Products
C62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
E835/E835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clay and Concrete Masonry Units
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Aug.March 1, 2007.2009. Published August 2007.March 2009. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
C652–05a.C652–07.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C652–09
3. Classification
3.1 Grades—Two grades of hollow brick are covered:
3.1.1 Grade SW—Hollowbrickintendedforusewhereahigha
...
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