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ASTM C602-12

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials

Standard Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers agricultural liming materials, such as quicklime (burnt lime), hydrated lime, limestone, (calcitic and dolomitic), marl, shells, and by-products including slag, and other materials. Agricultural liming materials shall be classified in terms of calcium carbonate equivalent. Hydrated lime, quicklime, and agricultural slag shall be classified depending on the particle size. In sieve analysis of agricultural liming materials, the amount of liming material passing the sieves to the nearest whole percentage of the total weight of the dry sample shall be calculated. Air-cooled blast-furnace slag shall be classified the same as agricultural limestone. The following results for agricultural liming materials shall be reported: percentage calcium carbonate equivalent, percentage moisture, percentage calcium and magnesium, and sieve analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers agricultural liming materials, such as quicklime (burnt lime), hydrated lime, limestone, (calcitic and dolomitic), marl, shells, and by-products including slag, and other materials.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2012
ICS
65.080 - Fertilizers
Technical Committee
C07 - Lime and Limestone
Drafting Committee
C07.02 - Specifications and Guidelines
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C602-07 - Standard Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Replaced By
ASTM C602-13 - Standard Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM C51-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as Used by the Industry)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5050-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM C911-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C602 −12
StandardSpecification for
1
Agricultural Liming Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 agricultural liming material—a product whose cal-
cium and magnesium compounds are capable of neutralizing
1.1 This specification covers agricultural liming materials,
soil acidity.
such as quicklime (burnt lime), hydrated lime, limestone,
3.1.2 air-cooled blast-furnace slag and granulated blast-
(calcitic and dolomitic), marl, shells, and by-products includ-
furnace slag —air-cooled blast-furnace slag and granulated
ing slag, and other materials.
blast furnace slag as defined in Terminology C125.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 calcium carbonate equivalent (C.C.E.)— the acid-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
neutralizing capacity (of an agricultural liming material) of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
material expressed as weight percent of calcium carbonate.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Chemical Classifications
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Agricultural liming materials shall be classified in terms
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of calcium carbonate equivalent (C.C.E.), as shown in Table 1.
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
NOTE 1—Marl and some by-product liming materials are used for
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
neutralizing soil acidity, but due to their varying composition, their
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,
chemical limits are not included. In some economic circumstances
and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
limestone, slag, and shells of less than 80 % C.C.E. may be used.
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone 5. Sieve Analysis Classifications for Agricultural
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- Limestone
gregates
5.1 Agricultural limestone shall be classified according to
C1271 Test Method for X-ray Spectrometric Analysis of
the minimum percentages passing the No. 8 (2.36-mm) and
Lime and Limestone
No. 60 (250-µm) sieves conforming to Specification E11,as
C1301 Test Method for Major and Trace Elements in Lime-
shown in Table 2.
stone and Lime by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
NOTE 2—These classifications apply where the agricultural limestone is
Emission Spectroscopy (ICP) and Atomic Absorption
obtained by the normal crushing procedure and the product contains the
(AA)
fines of fracture. In some economic circumstances, coarser products are
D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
used.TheNo.60(250-µm)sievewasselectedbecauseresearchhasshown
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
that this sieve gives a more accurate representation of the particle size
distributionofmostagriculturallimestonespresentlyproducedthanafiner
Sieves
or coarser sieve. The No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve is used to control the upper
3. Terminology limit on the amount of coarse limestone particles that may be in the
product.
3.1 Definitions:
6. Sieve Analysis Classifications for Agricultural Slag
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime
6.1 Air-Cooled Blast-Furnace Slag—Air-cooled blast-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications and
Guidelines.
furnace slag shall be classified the same as agricultural
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally
limestone as shown in Section 5.
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C602 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/C0602-12.
6.2 Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag—Granulated blast-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
furnace slag shall be classified in accordance with the mini-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mum percentages passing the No. 8 (2.36-mm) and the No. 60
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (250-µm) sieves.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C602−12
TABLE 1 Agricultural Liming Materials
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LIMING
Calcium Carbonate MATERIALS
Material Equivalent
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C602 − 07 C602 − 12
Standard Specification for
1
Agricultural Liming Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers agricultural liming materials, such as quicklime (burnt lime), hydrated lime, limestone, (calcitic
and dolomitic), marl, shells, and by-products including slag, and other materials.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C1271 Test Method for X-ray Spectrometric Analysis of Lime and Limestone
C1301 Test Method for Major and Trace Elements in Limestone and Lime by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectroscopy (ICP) and Atomic Absorption (AA)
D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 agricultural liming material—a product whose calcium and magnesium compounds are capable of neutralizing soil
acidity.
3.1.2 air-cooled blast-furnace slag and granulated blast-furnace slag —air-cooled blast-furnace slag and granulated blast
furnace slag as defined in Terminology C125.
3.1.3 calcium carbonate equivalent (C.C.E.)— the acid-neutralizing capacity (of an agricultural liming material) of the material
expressed as weight percent of calcium carbonate.
4. Chemical Classifications
4.1 Agricultural liming materials shall be classified in terms of calcium carbonate equivalent (C.C.E.), as shown in Table 1.
NOTE 1—Marl and some by-product liming materials are used for neutralizing soil acidity, but due to their varying composition, their chemical limits
are not included. In some economic circumstances limestone, slag, and shells of less than 80 % C.C.E. may be used.
5. Sieve Analysis Classifications for Agricultural Limestone
5.1 Agricultural limestone shall be classified according to the minimum percentages passing the No. 8 (2.36-mm) and No. 60
(250-μm) sieves conforming to Specification E11, as shown in Table 2.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications and Guidelines.
Current edition approved June 15, 2007Dec. 1, 2012. Published July 2007January 2013. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
C602 – 06a.C602 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/C0602-07.10.1520/C0602-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C602 − 12
TABLE 1 Agricultural Liming Materials
Calcium Carbonate
Material Equivalent (C.C.E.),
percent
Quicklime not less than 140
Hydrated lime not less than 110
Limestone not less than 80
Slag not less than 80
Shells not less than 80
TABLE 2 Classification for Agricultural Limestone
Passing No. 8 Passing No. 60
Class (2.36-mm) (250-μm)
Designation Sieve, min, Sieve, min,
percent percent
S 100 100
T 99 75
O 95 55
N 90 40
E 80 25
NOTE 2—These classifications apply where the agricultural limestone is obtained by the normal crushing procedure and the product contains the fines
of fracture. In some economic circumstances, coarser products are used. The No. 60 (250-μm) sieve was selected because research has shown that this
sieve gives a more ac
...

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ASTM C602-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers agricultural liming materials, such as quicklime (burnt lime), hydrated lime, limestone, (calcitic and dolomitic), marl, shells, and by-products including slag, and other materials. Agricultural liming materials shall be classified in terms of calcium carbonate equivalent. Hydrated lime, quicklime, and agricultural slag shall be classified depending on the particle size. In sieve analysis of agricultural liming materials, the amount of liming material passing the sieves to the nearest whole percentage of the total weight of the dry sample shall be calculated. Air-cooled blast-furnace slag shall be classified the same as agricultural limestone. The following results for agricultural liming materials shall be reported: percentage calcium carbonate equivalent, percentage moisture, percentage calcium and magnesium, and sieve analysis.
SCOPE
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ASTM D2973-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Peat Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Nitrogen content is important as it is one of the primary plant food elements necessary for plant growth. Nitrogen content of peat is necessary to make sure an adequate, but not excessive amount of fertility is supplied to the target plant. Nitrogen is present in peat as organic nitrogen, and therefore, does not release nitrogen to plants as quickly as chemical fertilizers. However, nitrogen from peat continues to be released for several years as the organic matter decomposes.  
5.2 This information is particularly useful to people working in industries where plant health, sustainability, and viability are important.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a chemical test method for the determination of the mass percent of nitrogen in peat material.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
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ASTM D4531-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Bulk and Dry Density of Peat and Peat Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bulk density is of use in the calculation of in situ stresses for engineering analysis and in quantifying the amount of material present when considering peat as a resource. In the latter case, it is necessary to consider the moisture condition for which the bulk density was determined; a more useful parameter to consider may well be the dry density, ρd.
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the bulk and dry density of both peat in its natural state and peat products (Note 1). These test methods consist of defining a volume of peat and determining the mass of that specific volume. The difference in the respective methods is in the procedures employed to determine the peat volume.  
1.2 The water content of a peat/peat product influences the bulk density. When using the bulk density for quantifying the amount of peat for use as a resource evaluation, the water content value needs to accompany the bulk density value.
Note 1: Test Method D2978 is used for measuring the volume of uncompacted loose peat materials and compacted baled peat materials.  
1.3 Method A—The core method covers the determination of the bulk density of a core of peat taken with a piston sampler or other suitable core sampler (Sections 7 and 8).  
1.4 Method B—The paraffin wax method, covers the determination of the bulk density of clods or irregular pieces of wet peat and compressed peat products (Sections 9 and 10).  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
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ASTM C602-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers agricultural liming materials, such as quicklime (burnt lime), hydrated lime, limestone, (calcitic and dolomitic), marl, shells, and by-products including slag, and other materials. Agricultural liming materials shall be classified in terms of calcium carbonate equivalent. Hydrated lime, quicklime, and agricultural slag shall be classified depending on the particle size. In sieve analysis of agricultural liming materials, the amount of liming material passing the sieves to the nearest whole percentage of the total weight of the dry sample shall be calculated. Air-cooled blast-furnace slag shall be classified the same as agricultural limestone. The following results for agricultural liming materials shall be reported: percentage calcium carbonate equivalent, percentage moisture, percentage calcium and magnesium, and sieve analysis.
SCOPE
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ASTM D2978-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volume of Peat and Peat-Based Growing Media

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to quantify the volume of peat and peat-based growing media under consideration in commercial transactions to determine if the package contains the labeled quantity. As such, material comes into the test area in an “as sold” condition.  
5.2 Peat and peat-based growing media are used by amateur gardeners and professional growers on a volume basis. Failure to follow this standard procedure as written can lead to inaccurate results.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the volume of uncompressed (loose) and compressed (baled) peat and peat-based growing media and is used as a quality control measurement to determine if the package contains the labeled amount of material. The results of this test method is highly dependent on the experience of the personnel running the procedure.  
1.2 This standard is for peat and peat-based growing media only. While it is possible for other types of growing media to use this standard it is outside the scope and the methodology may have to be altered to accommodate a different growing media.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Except, that the sieve designations are typically identified using the “alternative” system in accordance with Practice E11, such as 3 in. and No. 200, instead of the “standard” of 75 mm and 75 µm, respectively.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4427-23(Classification)
Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better identify the product and the peat-consumer can better select peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be used for peat resource evaluations, environmental impact reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters selected for use in this classification are ones which have been determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural, geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory tests.  
1.2 Peat is considered to be a naturally occurring organic soil primarily derived from decomposing plant material that has sedentarily accumulated in water-saturated, anaerobic environments. It is found in peatlands, bogs, mangroves, mires, moors, and muskegs and is generally composed of mosses, grasses, leaves, sedges, and shrubs. Changes in depositional environment can create subsurface peat deposits underlying inorganic soils. Typically, peat has a low density, high water content, and is quite compressible when compared to other types of soil  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2976-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for pH of Peat Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pH of peat is a useful variable in determining the solubility of minerals, the mobility of ions in the peat, and assessing the viability of the peat-plant environment. pH measurements are made in both test water and a calcium chloride solution because the pH readings in test water can be modified by salts, such as fertilizer material, whereas the observed pH in calcium chloride solution is virtually independent of the initial amount of salts present in the peat. pH values obtained in a calcium chloride solution are usually about a 0.5 to 0.8 pH unit lower than measurements in test water due to release of more hydrogen ions by cation exchange. Both measurements are needed to fully define the character of the peat’s pH.  
5.2 pH measurements are used in the agricultural, environmental, geotechnical, and natural resources fields. The pH of peat materials is helpful when evaluating a peat as a topsoil or growing medium for plants.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the pH of peat materials used as a growing medium. This measurement determines the degree of acidity or alkalinity in peat materials suspended in water and a 0.01 M calcium chloride solution. Measurements in both liquids are necessary to fully define the peat’s pH. This variable is useful in assessing the viability of the peat-plant environment. This test method does not apply to peat that is in paper or construction materials. Test Method D4972 is used for pH testing of soils and Test Method G51 is used for pH testing of soils for corrosion analysis (see Note 1).
Note 1: These three standards are being intentionally kept separate for clarity at the request of the various subcommittees.  
1.2 Units—The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4544-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimating Peat Deposit Thickness

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is used to determine the thickness and lateral extent of a peat deposit such that, the volume of the peat deposit can be calculated. When the overlying material is peat and the underlying one is soil or bedrock, the depth of change may be interpreted as the thickness of peat.  
5.2 This information is useful to peat producers to evaluate the volume of the deposit for planning purposes. It is also useful to peat producers and regulators in evaluating some ecologic functions.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice uses a technique of probing to estimate the thickness of surficial peat deposits overlying mineral soil or bedrock.  
1.1.1 The resistance to penetration of a pushed or driven rod will increase sharply at the boundary of a peat layer with underlying mineral soil or bedrock. When this abrupt change is measured in a series of probings with an appropriate spacing, the thickness and areal extent of peat can be defined and the volume of peat may be calculated.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1997-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat and Organic Soils by Dry Mass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the quantity of fibers in a peat or organic soil specimen. Fiber content is one parameter used to classify the peat as determined in Classification D4427. It is also a significant parameter in predicting or defining the many end uses of these materials. In this regard, fiber content has been related to agricultural and horticultural end uses (such as mulching and soil enrichment), geotechnical measurements (such as strength, compressibility, and permeability), industrial chemical uses (such as production of waxes, activated carbon, and medicines), and energy uses (such as direct combustion, methanol production, and gas yields).
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the fiber content of peat and organic soils by dry mass. Classification D4427 provides the methodology to classify peat as it is used in this standard.  
1.2 Pieces of plant material such as roots or wood, larger than 20 mm in smallest dimension are not considered fibers.  
1.3 Because this test method is simple and does not need sophisticated equipment in order to be performed, it is especially recommended for routine reconnaissance work where large numbers of samples need to be tested and mineral contents are low.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Alternate sieve designations in parentheses are as provided in Specification E11.  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4511-11(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity of Essentially Saturated Peat

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Values of hydraulic conductivity determined by this test method may be useful in making rough preliminary estimates of the initial rates of drainage and compression of peat deposits when the only effective stress increase on the deposit is that resulting from a moderate, gradual lowering of the water table.  
4.2 Even under light, sustained loads, peat will undergo dramatic volume changes that influence (decrease) the hydraulic conductivity of the deposit by several orders of magnitude. This test method does not offer provisions for the determination of the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and the void ratios corresponding to increasing stress levels. Therefore, this test method is not suitable for applications involving grade increases, such as embankment construction or placement of access berms alongside drainage ditches.  
4.3 Undisturbed specimens from apparently homogeneous peat deposits at the same location often exhibit significantly different hydraulic conductivity properties due to variations in material composition and sampling procedure.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydraulic conductivity (permeability) of essentially saturated, intact cylindrical specimens of peat when the hydraulic conductivity is greater than 1 × 10−7 m/s (1 × 10−5 cm/s). During the test, the specimens are contained in the core holder, or in right, regular cylindrical sections cut from the sampling tube in which they were originally obtained in the field.  
1.2 Hydraulic conductivity is calculated on the basis of the measured constant flow rate through the specimen under constant head.2 For verification, flow rate determinations may be made at two or more values of constant head with corresponding calculations of hydraulic conductivity.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internat...

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