ASTM A401/A401M-98

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 401/A401M – 98
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 401/A401M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.4 Military Standard:
1.1 This specification covers round chromium-silicon alloy
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the
ment and Storage
manufacture of springs resistant to set when used at moderately
2.5 AIAG Standard:
elevated temperatures. This product is not meant to be used for
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
high cycle fatique applications (see Specification A 877/
cation Standard
A 877M). This wire shall be provided either in the annealed
and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the
3. Ordering Information
purchaser.
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
include the following information for each ordered item:
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel wire),
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),
must be used independent of the other.
3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),
3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
tion 13), and
of Steel Products
3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kg,
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
oil-tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in 150 kg
coils to ASTM A 401/A 401M dated ____, or for inch-pound units,
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
40 000-lb oil-tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire, size
A 752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire
2 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A 401/A 401M dated ____.
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
A 877/A877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-
4. Materials and Manufacture
Silicon Alloy Valve Spring Quality
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
Determine Conformance with Specifications
strand cast.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe
B 32.4 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle
and undue segregation.
and Hexagon Metal Products
2.3 Federal Standards:
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Grade
9254 for chemical composition specified in Table 2.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
5.2 Heat Analysis—Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
prescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test
published as A 401 – 56 T. Last previous edition A 401/A 401M – 96.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
200, Southfield, MI 48034.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 401/A401M – 98
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
SI Units
UNS Designation G 92540 Grade No. 9254
B
Diameter, Reduction of
Ranges and Limits, %
MPa, min MPa, max
mm Area, min, %
Phosphorus, Sulfur,
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium
C
0.80 2080 2260 max max
C
0.90 2070 2250
0.51–0.59 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 1.20–1.60 0.60–0.80
C
1.00 2060 2240
C
1.10 2040 2220
C
1.20 2020 2200
C
1.40 2000 2180
C
1.60 1980 2160 required or restricted, shall conform to the product analysis
C
1.80 1960 2140
requirements in Table 4 of Specification A 752.
C
2.00 1940 2120
C
5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and
2.20 1920 2100
2.50 1900 2080 45
Terminology A 751 shall be used.
2.80 1880 2060 45
3.00 1860 2040 45
6. Mechanical Properties
3.50 1840 2020 40
4.00 1820 2000 40
6.1 Annealed and Cold Drawn—When purchased in the
4.50 1800 1980 40
annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been
5.00 1780 1960 40
5.50 1760 1940 40 given a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-
6.00 1740 1920 40
er’s coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition to
6.50 1720 1900 40
respond properly to heat treatment. In special cases the
7.00 1700 1880 40
8.00 1680 1860 40 hardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.
9.00 1660 1840 40
6.2 Oil Tempered—When purchased in the oil-tempered
10.00 1640 1820 40
condition, the tensile strength and minimum percent reduction
11.00 1620 1800 35
12.0 1600 1780 35
of area, sizes 2.50 mm [0.105 in.] and coarser, of the wire shall
13.0 1580 1760 30
conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
14.0 1570 1750 30
15.0 1560 1740 30
NOTE 2—Any specimen breaking in the grips shall be discarded and a
16.0 1550 1730 30
new specimen tested if the specified mechanical properties are not
17.0 1540 1720 30
achieved.
18.0 1530 1710 30
6.2.1 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be taken for
Inch-Pound Units
each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given
Diameter, Reduction of
ksi, min ksi, max
in. Area, min, %
lot shall be tested.
C
0.032 300 325 6.2.2 Location of Tests—Test specimens shall be taken from
C
0.041 298 323
either end of the coil.
C
0.054 292 317
C 6.2.3 Test Method—The tension test shall be made in
0.062 290 315
C
0.080 285 310 accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
0.092 280 305 45
6.3 Wrap Test:
0.120 275 300 45
6.3.1 Oil-tempered or cold drawn wire 4.00 mm [0.162 in.]
0.135 270 295 40
0.162 265 290 40
and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor without
0.177 260 285 40
breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm
0.192 260 283 40
[0.312 in.] in diameter shall wrap without breakage on a
0.219 255 278 40
0.250 250 275 40 mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not appli-
0.312 245 270 40
cable to wire over 8.00 mm [0.312 in.] in diameter.
0.375 240 265 40
6.3.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be taken for
0.438 235 260 35
0.500 230 255 35
each 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given
0.562 228 253 30
lot shall be tested.
0.625 226 251 30
6.3.3 Location of Test—Test specimens shall be taken from
0.687 224 249 30
A either end of the coil.
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.
B
6.3.4 Test Method—The wrap test shall be made in accor-
Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4.
C
The reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.34 mm [0.092 in.]
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
in diameter.
7. Metallurgical Requirements
7.1 Surface Condition:
specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. 7.1.1 The surface of the wire as received shall be free of rust
When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and and excessive scale. No serious die marks, scratches, or seams
shall conform to the requirements of Table 2. may
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