ASTM F3180/F3180M-18
(Specification)Standard Specification for Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
Standard Specification for Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the low-speed flight characteristics of fixed-wing aircraft and provides standards for departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this specification are: (4.1) Low-Speed Flight Characteristics Score, (4.2) Stall Characteristics, (4.3) Stall Warning, (4.4) Departure Characteristics: Single Engine, (4.5) Departure Characteristics: Multiengine, (4.6) Spinning, and (4.7) Safety-Enhancing Features.
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
1.3 Units—This standard may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Each system shall be used independently of the other; combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:F3180/F3180M −18
Standard Specification for
1
Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF3180/F3180M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers the low-speed flight character-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
istics of fixed-wing aircraft and provides standards for depar-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ture characteristics, spinning, and stall warning. The material
wasdevelopedthroughopenconsensusofinternationalexperts
2. Referenced Documents
in general aviation. This information was created by focusing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the Applicant to
F3061/F3061M Specification for Systems and Equipment in
substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of com-
Small Aircraft
pliance. The topics covered within this specification are: (4.1)
F3083/F3083M Specification for Emergency Conditions,
Low-Speed Flight Characteristics Score, (4.2) Stall
Occupant Safety and Accommodations
Characteristics, (4.3) StallWarning, (4.4) Departure Character-
F3117 Specification for Crew Interface in Aircraft
istics: Single Engine, (4.5) Departure Characteristics:
F3173/F3173M Specification for Aircraft Handling Charac-
Multiengine, (4.6) Spinning, and (4.7) Safety-Enhancing Fea-
teristics
tures.
F3179/F3179M Specification for Performance of Aircraft
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as
F3230 Practice for Safety Assessment of Systems and
Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guid-
Equipment in Small Aircraft
ance from their respective oversight authority (for example,
2.2 Other Standards:
published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the
FAA AC 23–15A Small Airplane Certification Compliance
acceptable use and application thereof. For information on
3
Program
which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in
FAAAC23–8C FlightTestGuideforCertificationofPart23
whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to
4
Airplanes
their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to
5
SAE ARP4102/7 Electronic Displays
the ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/
COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
3. Terminology
1.3 Units—This standard may present information in either
3.1 See Terminology F3060 for more definitions and abbre-
SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated
viations.
ineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents.Eachsystemshall
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
be used independently of the other; combining values from the
3.2.1 ball-width—a lateral acceleration of tan (4π/180) =
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
2 2
0.07 G = 0.7 m/s [2.3 ft/s ], which corresponds to a typical
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
unit displacement on a standardized slip-skid indicator.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
the ASTM website.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/
advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.information/documentID/74398.
1 4
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF44onGeneral Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
AviationAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.20 on Flight. Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.information/documentID/1019676.
5
in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F3180/F3180M – 17. DOI: Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
10.1520/F3180_F3180M-18. PA 15096, http://standards.sae.org/arp4102/7/.
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3180/F3180M − 17 F3180/F3180M − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3180/F3180M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification will cover covers the low-speed flight characteristics of fixed-wing aircraft with a certified maximum
take-off weight of 8618 kg [19 000 lb] or less and a passenger-seating configuration of up to 19 at low speed and provide standards
for departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning.and provides standards for departure characteristics, spinning, and stall
warning. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was
created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the
Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this specification are:
(4.1) Low-Speed Flight Characteristics Score, (4.2) Stall Characteristics, (4.3) Stall Warning, (4.4) Departure Characteristics:
Single Engine, (4.5) Departure Characteristics: Multiengine, (4.6) Spinning, and (4.7) Safety-Enhancing Features.
1.2 The term “aeroplane” is utilized in this specification as it was originally conceived for normal category fixed wing aircraft
with a maximum certificated weight of 8618 kg [19 000 lb] or less and a passenger seating configuration up to 19 as defined in
the Rules. However, these standards may be more broadly applicable and their usage should not be unnecessarily limited.
1.2 The applicant An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval shallmust
seek the individual guidance tofrom their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification
as part of a certification plan.oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the
acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies oversight authorities have accepted this
specificationstandard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliancean acceptable Means of Compliance to their Airworthiness
Rules (hereinafter referred to as regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 webpage
(www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm), which includes CAA website links.(www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
1.4 It is the responsibility of the applicant to validate any applicability beyond that identified in this specification and request
acceptance from the applicable CAA.
1.3 Units—Normally, the values stated are SI units followed by U.S. Customary Units in square brackets. The values stated in
This standard may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system may
not be exact equivalents; therefore, each equivalents. Each system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningother;
combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. In some cases other units may be used
exclusively (such as knots) and no other unit will be identified. This technique should be used sparingly and rationale for its use
shall be clear and included in the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.20 on Flight.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2017June 1, 2018. Published November 2017July 2018. Originally approved in
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