ASTM D3450-00

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Designation:D3450–00
Standard Test Method for
Washability Properties of Interior Architectural Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3450; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 Discussion—oilant differs from stain in that the
colorant of a stain is in solution and, therefore, can penetrate
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative
into the film.
ease of removing soilant discolorations from the dried film of
an interior coating by washing with either an abrasive or
4. Summary of Test Method
nonabrasive cleaner.
4.1 The test material is applied to a black plastic panel and
1.2 This test method is limited to coatings having a CIE-Y
allowed to dry for 7 days. The reflectance of the film is
reflectance of 60 % or more, as measured in accordance with
measured (R ) and then a soilant consisting of carbon black
Test Method E 1347.
dispersed in mineral oil is applied on the film. The panel is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
placed on a glass plate in a washability machine and the film is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
washed with either an abrasive or nonabrasive scrub medium
only.
for100cycles.Thepanelisrinsedanddriedandthereflectance
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in the stained area is read ( R ). The ratio of the reflectance,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
R /R , is a measure of the degree to which the soilant has been
2 1
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
removed.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Interior architectural paints are often discolored by dirt
2. Referenced Documents
and other soilant materials.This test method covers the relative
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ease and completeness of removal of a specific soilant from
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
such a surface by scrubbing. The greater the ease of soil
Stormer Viscometer
3 removal with a minimum of film erosion, the greater the useful
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
service life is expected to be.
D 1210 TestMethodforFinenessofDispersionofPigment-
2 5.2 Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily
Vehicle Systems
correlate with all types of soilants.
E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the
4 5.3 Semigloss finishes generally require only the nonabra-
Glass Electrode
sive type cleaner for good soilant removal, whereas flat paints
E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
2 may require the abrasive type.
surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology
6.1 Washability Tester, also referred to as a straight line
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
washability machine.
3.1.1 soilant—a discoloring substance that clings to the
6.1.1 Accessory Apparatus:
surfaceofacoating,whosedispersedcolorcomponentisnotin
6.1.1.1 Glass Plate, measured to fit, 454 by 165 by 6.3 mm
solution and therefore does not penetrate into the film.
7 1 1
(17 in. ⁄8 by 6 ⁄2 by ⁄4).
6.1.1.2 Stainless Steel Pan.
6.1.1.3 “C” Clamps.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally Model AG 8100 from BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden
published as D 3450 – 75. Last previous edition D 3450 – 94. Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910 and Model “D” from Paul N. Gardner Co., Inc., 316
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. N. E.First St., Pompano Beach ,FL 33060 were used originally in this test method.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. See RR D01-1065. Straight-line washability testers may be adapted to meet the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. requirements of this method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3450
6.1.1.4 Scale, standard. 7.7 Scrub Media (Note 1).
11,10
6.1.1.5 White Blotter. 7.7.1 Nonabrasive Medium consisting of the follow-
6.1.1.6 Holder, brass, measuring 95 by 76 by 25.4 mm (3 ⁄4 ing:
by 3 by 1 in.) .
grams
A
Water 89.6
6.2 U-Shaped Film Caster, having both a 0.18-mm (7-
Hydroxyethyl cellulose 2.0
mil) clearance by 132 mm width and a 0.25-mm (10-mil)
14,10
Detergent 4.0
clearance by 138 mm width.
Trisodium phosphate, anhydrous 4.0
B
Acetic acid glacial 0.3
6.3 Film Applicator, 76 mm (3 in.) width with 76-µm
15,10
Preservative 0.1
(3-mil) clearance.
100.0
6.4 Suction Plate for drawdowns (large size).
A
Vary to achieve a final consistency of 165 to 220 g (75 to 85 Krebs Units) with
6.5 45°, 0° Reflectometer, with green filter, as specified in
a Stormer Viscometer in accordance with Test Method D 562.
B
Vary to achieve a final pH from 9.5 to 10.0 in accordance with Test Method
Test Method E 1347.
E 70.
6.6 Balance, with 0.1-g scale graduation.
,
11 10
7.7.2 Abrasive Medium, consisting of the following:
6.7 Fineness of Dispersion Gage, as specified in Test
grams
Method D 1210.
A
Water 49.4
Hydroxyethyl cellulose 0.8
7. Reagents and Materials
Ammonium hydroxide 28 % ---
14,10
Detergent 2.0
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Trisodium phosphate, anhydrous 2.0
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
16,10
Silica 45.0
B
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Acetic acid, glacial 0.7
15,10
Preservative 0.1
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
100.0
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
A
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Varytoachieveafinalconsistencyof475to600g(110to120KrebsUnits)with
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the the Stormer Viscometer in accordance with Test Method D 562.
B
Vary to achieve a final pH of 9.5 to 10.0 in accordance with Test Method E 70.
accuracy of the determination.
7.8 Slowly add the hydroxethyl cellulose to the water while
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
stirring mechanically. Stir until uniform and then slowly add 2
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
to 3 drops of 28 % ammonium hydroxide solution while
to Type IV of Specification D 1193.
8 mixing and continue mixing until the solution turns clear. In
7.3 Black Plastic Panels.
9,10 the order shown, add the other ingredients separately, stirring
7.4 Sponge .
continuously. Be sure each item is uniformly dispersed before
7.5 Masking Tape.
11,10 adding the next one. Add the silica slowly to ensure uniform
7.6 Soilant Medium, consisting of the following:
dispersion. Finally, add the preservative and adjust the pH with
grams
glacial acetic acid.
Mineral oil, USP heavy 60
Odorless mineral spirits 32
12,10
NOTE 1—When a referee test is made, prepare fresh medium or use
Carbon black 8
standardized scrub medium from a previously unopened container that is
no more than 1 year old.
7.6.1 MixcomponentsanddispersetoaHegmanfinenessof
7 (0.5 mils or 13 µm) or when measured in accordance with 8. Preparation of Apparatus
Test Method D 1210.
8.1 Washability Machine—The washability machine should
be leveled before use and operated at 37 6 1 cpm; each cycle
consisting of a complete forward and reverse stroke. Adjust
The Dow film caster from BYK-Gardner, was used originally in this test
method.
tautness of the cables with a spring scale to approximately 5 lb.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
8.2 Sponge and Holder—Addsufficientweighttotheholder
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
in the form of lead sheets or other flat weights to give a
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia combined weight of 1500 g, including the dry sponge.
and Nat
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