ASTM F1468-04a(2018)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1468 − 04a (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Metallic Weapons Detectors for Controlled
Access Search and Screening
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ANSI/IEEE Standard:
1.1 This practice covers methods for the evaluation of
C62.41 IEEE Guide for Surge Voltages in Low VoltageAC
walk-through metal weapons detectors and criteria for testing
Power Circuits
metal detection performance.
1.2 This practice specifies certain health, safety, and human
3. Terminology
factors criteria pertaining to the usage of the detection equip-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ment.
3.1.1 clean tester—person who does not carry any objects
1.3 Thispracticerequirestheuseofnon-standardized(user-
which would significantly alter the signal produced when the
supplied) test objects and test equipment. Evaluations made
person carries a test object; smaller test objects require more
using the procedures outlined in this practice can be used for
complete elimination of metallic objects. By example but not
comparative evaluations only if the tests are made with the
limitation, such significant objects may include: metallic belt
same equipment and test objects.
buckles,metalbuttons,cardiacpacemakers,coins,metal-frame
eye glasses, hearing aids, jewelry, keys, mechanical pens and
1.4 This practice is intended for use by manufacturers and
pencils, shoes with metal shanks or arch supports, metallic
evaluators of electromagnetic field devices used for screening
surgical implants, undergarment support metal, and metal
persons entering into controlled access areas. It is not intended
zippers. A clean tester passing through a metal detector shall
to set performance nor limit or constrain operating
not cause a disturbance signal greater than 10% of that
technologies, nor is it a document for use by individual
produced when carrying the critical test object through the
operators or users of such equipment at specific access control
detector. The tester shall have a mass between 50 and 100 kg
points.
(110and220lb)andaheightbetween1.50and1.90m(59and
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
75 in.). If the detector is designed to be sensitive to body size
standard. Other units given in parentheses are for information
because of design or desired sensitivity, the physical size of
only.
testers should be smaller and within a narrower range.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 critical orientation—orientation of a test object which
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
produces the smallest detection signal or weakest detection.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 critical sensitivity setting—sensitivity setting of a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
detector at which the critical test object in its critical orienta-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion is detected at a 90% or greater rate at the weakest or
For a specific hazards statement, see warning note in 12.2.5.
critical test point for the detector.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.4 critical test object—test object out of a given group of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
objectswhich,initsworst-caseorcriticalorientation,produces
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the worst-case or critical sensitivity setting for a specific
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
detector. The group shall comprise one or more objects which
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
are to be detected under the same detector settings.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.5 critical test point—location within the passage open-
ing of a detector portal which produces the weakest signal
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security
response(thecriticalsensitivity)forthecriticaltestobjectatits
Systems and Equipmentand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 on
critical orientation.
Controlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1468 – 04a (2010). DOI: Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
10.1520/F1468-04AR18. 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1468 − 04a (2018)
3.1.6 detector—synonym (used in this practice for brevity) 4.5 Thispracticerecognizesthatthecomplexmovementsof
for a walk-through device for detecting weapons such as a test object when carried by a person walking through a
defined in 3.1.14. detector limits the precision and repeatability of the resultant
observed signals. Averaged results from repeated tests under
3.1.7 discrimination ratio—expression of a detector’s abil-
identical controlled conditions are recommended to obtain a
ity to discriminate between a weapon and innocent personal
better approximation of the underlying hypothetical true value
possessions; it is the ratio of the signal generated by a critical
for that set of conditions.
testobjecttothesignalgeneratedbyanassortmentofinnocent
personal possessions (see Section 8). 4.6 Where the term “significant” is used, it refers to phe-
nomena which, in accordance with accepted engineering
3.1.8 electrical influence test probe—air-core coil for creat-
practices, exceed the normal variation of data.
ing electromagnetic fields that could influence detector capa-
bility (see 15.3).
5. Safety Requirements
3.1.9 induced electromagnetic field test probe—air-core coil
5.1 Personal Health and Safety—The health and safety of
for measuring the strength of the electromagnetic fields gen-
searchees, operators, and other persons using or coming in
erated by a detector (see 15.2).
contact with the equipment shall have been considered in the
3.1.10 outside influence—site-related situation or occur-
equipment design. In addition to the tip-over tests in 5.4 and
rence of a mechanical or electrical nature which alters the
5.5, any hazards concerning factors in 5.2 and 5.3 shall be
normal operation of the detector.
included in the evaluation report.
3.1.11 test object—any metallic object used to evaluate the
5.2 Mechanical—The equipment shall be free of sharp
detection capability of a detector. See 7.2 for specific require-
corners of protrusions that can puncture the skin or clothing or
ments.
injure persons moving normally within the immediate area.
Any potential tripping hazards, such as wires, cables, anti-tilt
3.1.12 test probe—testing devices as specified in 15.2 –
devices, ramps, etc. shall also be noted on the report.
15.4, utilized in the simulation of outside influences.
5.3 Electrical—The detector shall be free of potential elec-
3.1.13 testing laboratory site—area suitable for proper test-
trical shock hazards during operation.
ing and evaluation of detectors (see Section 6).
5.4 Portal Tip-Over—With a stop at the base of the detector
3.1.14 walk-through weapons detection device (detector)—
to prevent sliding, a force shall be applied at or near the top of
freestanding screening device, utilizing an electromagnetic
thedetectorinthedirectionofsearchpassageuntilthedetector
field within its portal structure, for detecting metallic weapons
starts to tip. The tipping moment, calculated as the height
concealed on persons walking through the structure.
above the floor times the maximum force required, shall be
3.1.15 weapon—device intended to do damage to personnel
recorded in the evaluation report. If anti-tilt fixtures or acces-
or equipment without intentionally harming the attacker, but
sories are provided or recommended by the detector
requiring the attacker to physically activate the device. Ex-
manufacturer, tests shall be conducted with and without such
amples include guns, knives, and hand grenades.
devices and recorded in the report.
5.5 Accessory Table or Pedestal Tip-Over—Test as in 5.4
4. Significance and Use
except apply the force at the point and in the direction for
4.1 Thesignificantattributesofthispracticearethemethods
easiest tipping. Record the resultant moment.
for determining the detection capabilities of metal detectors,
5.6 Tip-over testing is not required if a detector must be
themethodsfordeterminingtheeffectsofoutsideinfluenceson
anchored for proper operation.
detectors, and certain safety requirements for detectors.
4.2 While this practice was originated for walk-through
6. Testing Laboratory Site and General Requirements
metalweaponsdetectors,itisequallyapplicabletodetectorsof
6.1 Distancing Requirements—Sites in which detectors are
other metal objects. The innocent objects set (15.1.2) would
tested and evaluated shall be free of significant extraneous
require modification commensurate with the size of the other
influences.
object to be tested; some tests may not be applicable and other
6.1.1 Walls,furniture,lighting,electricalpowerlines,etc.of
specific and different tests may be necessary.
metalliccontentorofelectricallyinfluencingnature(exceptfor
4.3 This practice includes testing site requirements (Section
lines supplying power to the detector and interconnecting its
6) to minimize data variations. These methods may be used at
components) shall be at least 3 m (10 ft) distant.
nonconforming sites if site-related disturbances are considered
6.1.2 Overheadstructures,suchasceilingsorlights,shallbe
and accounted for.
at least 1 m (40 in.) distant from the nearest surface of the
detector and free of electrical lines within 3 m (10 ft).
4.4 This practice is not meant to constrain designs but it is
applicable only to detectors which are designed for individual 6.2 Floor Requirements—The floor shall be solid and not
walk-through.Theportalstructureshallbedeemedtomeetthis capable of transferring vibration or shake to the detector of an
criterion if it provides a minimum vertical clearance of 1.96 m amplitude discernible in the detector signal output when a
(77 in.) and a minimum horizontal width clearance of 0.66 m clean tester walks through. It shall be free of steel except for
(26 in.). nails or reinforcing bars. No electrical lines shall run in or
F1468 − 04a (2018)
under the floor closer than 2 m (6.5 ft) to any portion of the 7.4.1 A walk-through is necessary to determine the actual
detector.Ifthemanufacturerrecommendsshielding,suchasan critical sensitivity. In the absence of a conflicting requirement,
aluminum floor liner or elevated platform, it shall be in place walk-throughs shall be at an approximate velocity of 1 m/s (3
before testing. ft/s).
7.5 If a mechanized carrier is not available, the same tests
6.3 The working area shall include sufficient space for the
can be performed by a person carrying the test object. Several
detector and instrumentation equipment, and for personnel to
operate it conveniently. The number of instrumentation stands identical passes are necessary to obtain adequate consistency.
or carts shall be minimized.They shall have low metal content
7.6 Test Object Orientation:
and be located so that they do not influence test results.
7.6.1 The nomenclature and positions given in Fig. 1 refer
6.4 Determine by appropriate engineering techniques that to the orientation of weapons (guns or other weapons) with
respect to the metal detectors.
the testing site is free and remains free of all electrical
influences which might affect the tests. This includes verifica-
7.7 The comprehensive test for determining detector sensi-
tion of the quality of the detector power source. Record in the
tivity requires passing all test objects in a group in all
evaluation report any deviations from 6.1 – 6.4.
orientations through all points of a selected grid pattern within
the portal opening. This must be repeated for all combinations
6.5 The detector shall be in a totally operational condition,
of optional operating modes, multiple channels, and alternate
complete with such items as floor or wall shieldings, electron-
configurations.Theamountoftestingrequiredmaybereduced
ics pedestals, etc., in their normal operational position.
by the following procedures.
6.6 Many of the following sections require quantitative
7.7.1 In the absence of other criteria, start sensitivity mea-
measurements of signal magnitude. Manufacturers who do not
surements at a grid location point at the horizontal center
provide quantitative measurements of signal magnitude shall
between the side panels and vertically equidistant from both
specify alternative procedures which will provide equivalent
top and bottom ends of all panel coils; a vertical height from
evaluation capability.
the floor of 0.8 to 1.0 m (30 to 40 in.) is usable.
7.7.2 Begin with the vertical object orientation 3 as indi-
7. Procedure for Testing Detection Performance
cated in Fig. 1. Pass all objects in the test object group to be
7.1 The purpose of this procedure is to establish the sensi-
evaluated through the detector. Remove test objects which
tivity setting which is required for the detection of the
produce a signal twice as large as the smallest signal for the
worst-case test object in its worst orientation at the least-
group.
sensitive location within the portal opening.This is the critical
7.7.3 Test the remaining objects in the other two mutually
sensitivity for detection of the critical test object in its critical
orthogonal orientations (across and in-out). Remove objects in
orientation at the critical test point.
orientations that produce signals 50% larger than the smallest
signal.
7.2 For the evaluation of detectors under this practice, the
7.7.4 Using only the objects and orientations not eliminated
test object or objects shall be actual (not simulated) objects
in 7.7.2 and 7.7.3, determine the signals produced at intervals
which,individuallyorcollectively,representthecharacteristics
alongaverticalaxiscenteredbetweenthepanels.Ifthesignals
oftheweaponsorothercontrabandobjectswhichitisdesigned
are relatively constant, grid intervals of 0.2 m (
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