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ASTM D7538-09

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray Device

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
After waterborne traffic paints are applied to a road pavement, it is important that they be sufficiently coalesced or cured so they will not be removed by rain. This practice can be used to determine the relative water wash-off resistance of waterborne traffic paints when exposed to a water spray simulated rain.
SCOPE
1.1 A newly applied traffic paint film may be exposed to rain of varying intensities shortly after application. Practice D 7377 describes a practice for evaluating the water wash-off resistance of traffic paints to a hard rain using a steady stream of water from a faucet at a rate of approximately 5.7 L per min. Practice D 7538 is a similar practice that describes the use of an adjustable nozzle atomizing spray device to deliver a spray of water that simulates rain rates from approximately 0.05 to 0.5 L per min. This test can be used to compare conventional and fast-dry traffic paints for their relative ability to withstand rain soon after application on roadway surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2009
ICS
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.44 - Traffic Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7538-09(2013) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray Device
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7539-10(2020) - Standard Practice for Using a Test Chamber for Humidity Conditioning of Test Panels of Pavement Marking Paints
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2205-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

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ASTM D7538-09 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray DeviceASTM D7538-09 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray Device
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ASTM D7538-09 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray Device
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7538 − 09
StandardPractice for
Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints
Using an Atomizing Spray Device
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7538; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
1.1 Anewlyappliedtrafficpaintfilmmaybeexposedtorain
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by
of varying intensities shortly after application. Practice D7377
Notch Gages
describes a practice for evaluating the water wash-off resis-
D7377 Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resis-
tance of traffic paints to a hard rain using a steady stream of
tance of Traffic Paints using a Water Faucet
water from a faucet at a rate of approximately 5.7 L per min.
Practice D7538 is a similar practice that describes the use of an
3. Terminology
adjustable nozzle atomizing spray device to deliver a spray of
water that simulates rain rates from approximately 0.05 to 0.5 3.1 Definitions:
L per min. This test can be used to compare conventional and
3.1.1 conventional waterborne traffıc paint, n—an aqueous
fast-dry traffic paints for their relative ability to withstand rain
traffic paint that uses a conventional-dry latex binder.
soon after application on roadway surfaces.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Typical no-pick-up dry times, as pre-
scribedinTestMethodD711,forconventionaltrafficpaintsare
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
20 to 45 min.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.1.2 durable fast-dry waterborne traffıc paint, n—an aque-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ous traffic paint that uses a third generation durable fast-dry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the latex binder.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Air or airless spray application on
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
roadways is typically 0.64 mm wet or about 0.39 mm dry. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
range of application for durable waterborne paints is 0.56 to
0.89 mm wet, but sometimes the durable paints are also striped
2. Referenced Documents
at standard line thickness.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 fast-dry waterborne traffıc paint, n—an aqueous traffic
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
paint that uses a fast-dry traffic latex binder.
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Typical no-pick-up dry times, as pre-
eter
scribed in Test Method D711, for fast-dry traffic paints are <10
D711 Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint
min.
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
3.1.4 standard line fast-dry waterborne traffıc paint, n—an
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
aqueous traffic paint that uses a first or second generation
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
fast-dry latex binder.
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick- 3.1.4.1 Discussion—Air or airless spray application on
roadways is typically 0.38 mm wet or about 0.23 mm dry.
ness of Organic Coatings
3.1.5 waterborne traffıc paint, n—an aqueous traffic paint
1 (usually white or yellow) containing either a conventional or
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of fast-dry latex binder.
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.
3.1.6 water wash-off, n—the erosion or removal of freshly
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
D7538-09. applied traffic paint in the field by rain or in the laboratory
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
using simulated rain.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Sometimes referred to as water wash-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. out.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7538 − 09
4. Summary of Practice 8.1.1 Determine the Krebs (KU) viscosity of the paint in
accordance with Test Method D562 using a paddle-type
4.1 This practice involves preparing a series of uniform
viscometer as prescribed by Test Method D562. This determi-
thickness films of traffic paint on standard substrates.The films
nation is optional but can be important since the dry time of the
are allowed to dry over different time periods in a conditioned
traffic paint and water-wash off performance can be affected by
environment, and then each paint film is subsequently sub-
the paint viscosity.
jected to a water spray. Films are wash-off resistant when no
paint is removed by the water spray.
8.2 Calibration of Atomizing Spray Devices:
8.2.1 Partially fill the finger pumped, adjustable nozzle
5. Significance and Use
spray bottle or adjustable nozzle garden-type sprayer with at
5.1 After waterborne traffic paints are applied to a road
least 250 mL of clean tap water and allow to equilibrate to
pavement, it is important that they be sufficiently coalesced or room temperature.
cured so they will not be removed by rain. This practice can be
8.2.2 Adjust the spray nozzle to deliver a 10 to 15 cm
used to determine the relative water wash-off resistance of
diameter spray area from a 15 cm distance.
waterborne traffic paints when exposed to a water spray
8.2.3 For a finger pumped spray device, aim the spray into
simulated rain.
a funnel placed in a graduated cylinder or into a beaker to
determine the numb
...

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Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray Device

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5.1 After waterborne traffic paints are applied to a road pavement, it is important that they be sufficiently coalesced or cured so they will not be removed by rain. This practice can be used to determine the relative water wash-off resistance of waterborne traffic paints when exposed to a water spray simulated rain.
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1.1 A newly applied traffic paint film may be exposed to rain of varying intensities shortly after application. Practice D7377 describes a practice for evaluating the water wash-off resistance of traffic paints to a hard rain using a steady stream of water from a faucet at a rate of approximately 5.7 L per min. Practice D7538 is a similar practice that describes the use of an adjustable nozzle atomizing spray device to deliver a spray of water that simulates rain rates from approximately 0.05 L to 0.5 L per min. This test can be used to compare conventional and fast-dry traffic paints for their relative ability to withstand rain soon after application on roadway surfaces.  
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5.1 For quality assessment and/or approval for use of traffic paint stored in the field, it is often necessary to obtain a representative sample for testing. Correct sampling of traffic paint is a skilled operation, and if not properly conducted with the right equipment and procedures, a sample may inadvertently fail one or more specification tests when evaluated by a testing laboratory. Among the test results that could be affected are solids content, resin content, TiO2 content, heat-age stability, freeze-thaw stability, and dry time. Any of these could inadvertently result in non-approval or penalties.
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining representative field samples of mixed or unmixed waterborne, solventborne, or other liquid traffic paints, including two component reactive materials from drums, totes, or machine striping tanks. Traffic paint samples are often taken from storage containers in the field by paint suppliers or government agencies for laboratory testing to determine product quality and/or for approvals prior to striping. It is important that the samples taken are “representative” (have a composition reflecting the overall composition in the container). Although traffic paints can remain homogeneous for weeks or months, some will stratify over time and become non-homogeneous. Obtaining a representative sample can be challenging particularly in a field environment. The desired method for obtaining a liquid sample is to thoroughly mix the sample until homogeneous and then sample the mixture from the top. If complete mixing can’t be verified then an alternative practice is to obtain a sample using a liquid tube sampling device. These devices have the ability to capture a top-to-bottom core of paint from the container. Inner or outer rod tube samplers are recommended for sample extraction. The inner rod tube sampler is the preferred sampler.  
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5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
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Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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Standard Practice for Creation of Walkway Tribometer Interlaboratory Study Reports and Test Procedures

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5.1 The test procedures and interlaboratory study report that result from coordinator compliance with this Practice are intended to include all information required for an ASTM Test Method and its associated Research Report; the interlaboratory study is to be conducted in compliance with Practice E691, also as required for an ASTM Test Method.3 The reason that the content of this Practice is not prepared as an actual ASTM Test Method is as follows. ASTM regulations preclude reference (in a Standard) to patented or otherwise proprietary test apparatus where “alternatives exist”.4 While a proprietary apparatus may be mentioned in the Test Method’s Research Report, this would prevent the Test Method from being a standalone document containing all information necessary for testing. As such, a standalone Test Method could only be for a non-proprietary apparatus design, with this design expressed in terms of physical characteristics and performance specifications sufficient to enable the reader to fabricate their own “identical” copy of the design. Further, to achieve consensus approval and publication of such a Test Method, it could be considered necessary that ILS results for this design include data from devices made by different entities. However, typical walkway tribometer designs (versus other types of test apparatus) are sufficiently complex that full documentation of all performance-affecting physical characteristics (sufficient that a reader could build one) may be impractical. European standard EN 16165 Annexes C and D illustrate what physical and performance characteristics are and are not documented in that standard’s specifications for two non-proprietary tribometers. In general, each different tribometer design may have advantages and disadvantages for testing different surfaces, and this Practice provides a rigorous and standardized structure for creating tribometer test procedures and interlaboratory study reports that would comply with the requirements fo...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers creation of interlaboratory study reports and test procedures for the use of portable walkway tribometers for obtaining walkway surface friction measurements.  
1.2 This practice does not address the interpretation of data relative to pedestrian safety.  
1.3 This practice does not address the suitability of a walkway surface for a particular application.  
1.4 This practice does not directly address the important issue of the frictional homogeneity and stability of reference materials and in-use walkway materials.  
1.5 Conformance to this practice does not result in an ASTM Test Method.  
1.6 Values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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