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ASTM D1334-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Commercial Scale

Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Commercial Scale

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for use as a referee method for the determination of the wool base content and the clean wool fiber present in a lot of raw wool. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during the initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future results for that material be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
This test method is also used in studies aimed at deriving suitable formulas for estimating the allowances to be made for wool unavoidably lost or destroyed in such commercial operations as carding, combing, or carbonizing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wool base content and the clean wool fiber present in a lot of raw wool by commercial-scale scouring of the lot followed by laboratory tests on samples of the scoured wool. Note 1The sampling of lots of raw wool in packages is covered in Practice D 1060, and the determination of the wool content of such samples is covered in Test Method D 584. The determination of vegetable matter and other alkali-insoluble impurities in scoured wool is covered in Test Method D 1113. For factors for the conversion of wool base content to its equivalent in terms of scoured wool, top, or noil of various commercially specified compositions, refer to Practice D 2720. Note 2
The values stated in U.S. Customary Units are to be regarded as the standard because of common commercial practice. The S.I. units in parentheses are provided for information only. Note 3
Because of trade practice the term "weight" is used in this test method instead of the technically correct term "mass".
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
59.060.10 - Natural fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.13 - Wool and Felt
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1334-96(2005) - Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Commercial Scale
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D1334-05(2009) - Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Commercial Scale (Withdrawn 2018)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4845-10(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D584-10(2018) - Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool—Laboratory Scale
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1574-22 - Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool and Other Animal Fibers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D629-15 - Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D1334-05 - Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Commercial Scale
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D1334–05
Standard Test Method for
1
Wool Content of Raw Wool—Commercial Scale
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1334; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and
Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wool
mercial Compositions
base content and the clean wool fiber present in a lot of raw
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
wool by commercial-scale scouring of the lot followed by
laboratory tests on samples of the scoured wool.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—The sampling of lots of raw wool in packages is covered in
3.1 For all terminology related to wool and wool felt, refer
Practice D1060, and the determination of the wool content of such
to Terminology D4845.
samples is covered in Test Method D584. The determination of vegetable
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
matter and other alkali-insoluble impurities in scoured wool is covered in
clean wool fiber present, other alkali-insoluble impurities,
Test Method D1113. For factors for the conversion of wool base content
oven-dried, raw wool, vegetable matter base, vegetable matter
to its equivalent in terms of scoured wool, top, or noil of various
commercially specified compositions, refer to Practice D2720.
present, wool base.
NOTE 2—The values stated in U.S. Customary Units are to be regarded
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
as the standard because of common commercial practice. The S.I. units in
Terminology D123.
parentheses are provided for information only.
NOTE 3—Becauseoftradepracticetheterm“weight”isusedinthistest
4. Summary of Test Method
method instead of the technically correct term “mass”.
4.1 The entire lot of raw wool is weighed, prepared,
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
scoured, and dried in the usual commercial equipment, with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
special precautions against loss of wool at any stage of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
operations. The commercially dried scoured wool is weighed,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
then sampled for laboratory determination of its oven-dried
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
weight (mass) and its content of alcohol-extractable matter,
mineral matter, vegetable-matter base, and other alkali-
2. Referenced Documents
insoluble impurities.The wool base content and the clean wool
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fiber present are calculated as percentages of the net weight
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
(mass) of the lot of raw wool.
D584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool—
Laboratory Scale
5. Significance and Use
D1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Pack-
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for use as a
ages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber
referee method for the determination of the wool base content
Present
and the clean wool fiber present in a lot of raw wool. If there
D1113 Test Method for Vegetable Matter and OtherAlkali-
are differences of practical significance between reported test
Insoluble Impurities in Scoured Wool
results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should
be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between
them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum,
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles,
use the samples for such a comparative test that are as
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt.
homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during the
approved in 1954 . Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1334 – 96(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D1334-05.
initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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ASTM D2462-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2462 for testing for moisture in wool is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D2462 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of the bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens should be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-Test for unpaired data and an acceptance probability level chosen by the two parties before the test is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is the preferred method for all suitable samples of wool where it is important to obtain a result free from the possible biases, introduced by the conditions discussed in 5.3 and 5.4.  
5.3 This test method is free from the interferences caused by different conditions of ambient atmosphere such as might affect the results of oven-drying. A slight amount of residual moisture may be retained in a specimen subjected to oven-drying because of the relative humidity of the ambient air; however, the amount of moisture retained may be estimated from published data.3  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture present in grease wool, scoured wool, carded wool, garnetted wool, wool top and intermediate wool products, and rovings, by distillation with toluene.  
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1.3 This test method is not applicable to material known to contain any steam-distillable, water-soluble matter. If it is suspected that such matter is present, the method should be used with caution.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2525-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Wool for Moisture

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This recommended practice furnishes directions for the sampling of wool of the various forms indicated in Section 1, in order that correct probability statements may be made about the relationship between the sample mean and the population mean. If these statements are to be correct, certain conditions, which are stated, must hold.  
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5.3 In any case where insufficient information about the variability of the sampling units within the lot is available, directions are given for calculating confidence limits for the sample mean so that a correct probability statement can still be made.
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ASTM D2130-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers by Microprojection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method specifies a sampling and testing procedure for the measurement of average fiber diameter and variation in diameter of animal fibers as required in Test Method D2968.  
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SCOPE
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Note 1: This test method may also be applied to any fibers having a round cross section and accordingly may be used many times for melt-spun man-made fibers such as polyamides, polyesters, and glass; also it may be applied to a limited number of polyacrylics and regenerated cellulose type fibers. The values given in Appendix X1 for density and correction factors, however, apply only to wool and should not be used for other fibers. For suitable values for the density of other fibers, see Table 5 in Test Methods D629, Quantitative Analysis of Textiles.
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ASTM D2968-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Med and Kemp Fibers in Wool and Other Animal Fibers by Microprojection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ASTM D2524-22(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking tenacity of wool fibers as a flat bundle with a 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) clamp separation.  
1.2 This test method is especially adapted to the fiber bundle clamps and strength testing instruments specified, but may be used on other tensile testing machines when equipped with appropriate adapters to accommodate the prescribed clamps.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to wool in any form which can be hand-combed into small bundles of parallelized fibers.  
Note 1: Other test methods for measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles include Test Methods D1294, D1445, and D540.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D1576-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Oven-Drying

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2462 for the determination of the moisture in wool by distillation with toluene is the preferred method for testing wool for moisture for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments. If, however, the purchaser and the supplier agree, Test Method D1576 for the determination of the moisture in wool by oven drying may be used instead. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture present in ordinary commercial and industrial samples of wool in all forms except grease wool, using the oven-drying technique.  
1.2 Formulas for calculating the moisture content (as-received basis) and moisture regain (oven-dried basis) are given. It is always important to use the correct term which corresponds to the basis used in the calculation (see 12.2.1).  
Note 1: The determination of moisture content for textile materials in general is covered in Test Methods D2654, and an optimal method for determining the moisture in wool by distillation with toluene is covered in Test Method D2462. A method for sampling wool for the determination of moisture in wool is covered in Practice D2525. The oven-drying method has been adapted for cotton in Test Method D2495.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D1574-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool and Other Animal Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1574 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1574 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method may be used to estimate the quantity of oil, grease, and waxy materials remaining on or in wool fibers after scouring, or the quantity of lubricant added before carding or remaining after carding, or the quantity of such materials added or removed in subsequent processing operations.  
5.3 The residues obtained in this test may be subjected to chemical analysis for identification and assay of the component materials, if desired.  
5.4 The specified solvent in this test method does not remove some materials, such as soaps, that may be present in wool and hence in some cases may reflect more closely the added content of some extractables in wool such as oils. When such materials are present and an estimate of their quantity is desired, some other solvent or combination of solvents should be used as spec...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of extractable matter in samples of all forms of wool, except grease wool, that is extractable with a non-flammable vapor degreasing and cleaning solvent.  
1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of the amounts of different components in the extracted matter nor their identification.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for use with other animal fibers.  
Note 1: The determination of extractable matter in yarns and in felts is covered in Test Methods D2257 and D461. For the determination of alcohol-extractable matter in oven-dry scoured wool, refer to Test Methods D584 and D1334.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 and Note 3.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1294-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fiber Bundles 1-in. (25.4 mm) Gage Length

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1294 for the determination of tensile strength may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool, but caution is advised since technicians may fail to get good agreement between results. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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5.3 Elongation may be obtained also but the accuracy of elongation measurements is limited and their determination is, therefore, not included as a formal part of this test method.  
5.4 The basic differences between the procedures employed in this test method and those of Test Method D2524 are in the gage lengths employed and the methods of clamping. In Test Method D2524, specific clamps are required whereas in Test Method D1294, any conventional clamps may be used. Results for breaking load determined by Test Method D2524 average 30 % higher than ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is included.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.  
Note 1: For other methods of measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles, refer to Test Methods D1445 and D2524.
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8394-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automated Measurement of Maturity, Fineness, Ribbon Width, and Micronaire of Cotton Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cotton fiber that is on average finer and more mature is more desirable than coarse or immature fiber, although distinction between these qualities cannot be made quickly and accurately using current test methods. Immature fibers break more easily during processing and have a tendency to form into neps (small entanglements) during processing in the spinning mill. These consequences adversely affect yarn and fabric quality and appearance. Yarn and fabric produced from immature fiber is typically also less lustrous and does not take up dye consistently so yarn and fabric appearance may be different after dyeing.  
5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with fiber length and strength but genetic differences and differences in fiber wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship.  
5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species.  
5.2.2 Micronaire has traditionally been used as a measure of fiber fineness although the value actually measures fiber specific surface area or surface area per unit weight. As a result, micronaire varies concomitantly with both maturity and fineness (see Fig. 2). Maturity and fineness are related to micronaire via Lord’s equation.4
FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M)  
5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant5,6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric.  
1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber.2
FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument
Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6961/D6961M-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E308.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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