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ASTM E1686-02

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and Criteria

Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and Criteria

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers many measurement methods and criteria for evaluating environmental noise. It includes the following:
1.1.1 The use of weightings, penalties, and normalization factors;
1.1.2 Types of noise measurements and criteria, indicating their limitations and best uses;
1.1.3 Sources of criteria;
1.1.4 Recommended procedures for criteria selection;
1.1.5 A catalog of selected available criteria; and
1.1.6 Suggested applications of sound level measurements and criteria.
1.2 Criteria Selection—This guide will assist users in selecting criteria for the following:
1.2.1 Evaluating the effect of existing or potential outdoor sounds on a community;
1.2.2 Establishing or revising local noise ordinances, codes, or bylaws, including performance standards in zoning regulations; or
1.2.3 Evaluating sound indoors that originated from outside sources.
1.3 Reasons for Criteria—This guide discusses the many reasons for noise criteria, ways sound can be measured and specified, and advantages and disadvantages of the most widely used types of criteria. The guide refers the user to appropriate documents for more detailed information and guidance. The listing of specific criteria includes national government regulatory requirements. Users needing further general background on sound and sound measurement are directed to the books listed in the References section.
1.4 Criteria in RegulationsCertain criteria are specified to be used by government regulation, law, or ordinance for specific purposes. Ease of enforcement and cost impact on government are considerations for these criteria. They may not be the most appropriate criteria in some circumstances. This guide will discuss the limitations of these criteria.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.09 - Community Noise
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1686-96 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and Criteria
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E1686-03 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and Criteria
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM E1503-22 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a Statistical Sound Analysis System
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM E1686-02 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and CriteriaASTM E1686-02 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and Criteria
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ASTM E1686-02 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and Criteria
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1686 – 02
Standard Guide for
Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and
1
Criteria
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope be the most appropriate criteria in some circumstances. This
guide will discuss the limitations of these criteria.
1.1 This guide covers many measurement methods and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
criteria for evaluating environmental noise. It includes the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
following:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.1.1 The use of weightings, penalties, and normalization
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
factors;
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1.2 Types of noise measurements and criteria, indicating
their limitations and best uses;
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.3 Sources of criteria;
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.4 Recommended procedures for criteria selection;
2
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
1.1.5 A catalog of selected available criteria; and
E 966 Guide for Field Measurement of Airborne Sound
1.1.6 Suggested applications of sound level measurements
2
Insulation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
and criteria.
E 1014 Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-Weighted
1.2 Criteria Selection—This guide will assist users in se-
2
Sound Levels
lecting criteria for the following:
E 1503 Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Mea-
1.2.1 Evaluating the effect of existing or potential outdoor
2
surements Using a Digital Statistical Analysis System
sounds on a community;
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
1.2.2 Establishing or revising local noise ordinances, codes,
ANSI S1.4 American National Standard Specification for
or bylaws, including performance standards in zoning regula-
Sound Level Meters
tions; or
ANSI S1.11 American National Standard Specification for
1.2.3 Evaluating sound indoors that originated from outside
Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and
sources.
Digital Filters
1.3 Reasons for Criteria—This guide discusses the many
ANSI S1.13 American National Standard Measurement of
reasons for noise criteria, ways sound can be measured and
Sound Pressure Levels in Air
specified, and advantages and disadvantages of the most
ANSI S3.1 American National Standard Maximum Permis-
widely used types of criteria. The guide refers the user to
sible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms
appropriate documents for more detailed information and
ANSI S3.4 American National Standard Procedure for the
guidance. The listing of specific criteria includes national
Computation of Loudness of Noise
government regulatory requirements. Users needing further
ANSI S3.14 American National Standard for Rating Noise
general background on sound and sound measurement are
with Respect to Speech Interference
directed to the books listed in the References section.
ANSI S12.4 American National Standard Method for As-
1.4 Criteria in Regulations—Certain criteria are specified to
sessment of High-Energy Impulsive Sounds with Respect
be used by government regulation, law, or ordinance for
to Residential Communities
specific purposes. Ease of enforcement and cost impact on
ANSI S12.7 American National Standard Methods for Mea-
government are considerations for these criteria. They may not
surement of Impulse Noise
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Environmental
Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.09 on Community
2
Noise. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in E 1686 – 96. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E1686–02
ANSI S12.9 American National Standard Quantities and 3.2.7 speech interference level, SIL, L ,[nd], (db), n—one-
SI
Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environ- fourth of the sum of the band sound pressure levels for octave
mental Sound bands with nominal mid-band frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000,
3
2.3 ISO Standards: and 4000 Hz. ANSI S
...

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4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniques which are well defined and which are understood by a trained acoustical professional. This test method has been prepared to provide a standard methodology which, when followed, will produce results which are consistent with requirements of government and industry, and which can be validated using information gathered and documented in the course of the measurement program.  
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1.1.1 This test method provides basic requirements for obtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of related data. However, because there are numerous circumstances and varied objectives requiring multiple sets of data, the test method does not address planning of the measurement program.  
1.2 The use of results of measurements performed using this test method include, but are not limited to, the following:  
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1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable comparison of sound level data with appropriate criteria.  
1.4.1 The data obtained with this test method can be used in the derivation of loudness levels provided the necessary requirements regarding sample duration and signal bandwidth are observed in collecting the data. It is recommended that a specialist in the area of loudness evaluation be consulted in p...

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1.1 This specification describes the construction and installation of standard reference specimens for quality control of laboratory sound transmission loss measurements using Test Method E90.  
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ASTM E1130-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The speech privacy between locations in an open plan space is determined by the degree to which intruding speech sounds exceed the ambient sound pressure levels at the listener's ear; a classic signal-to-noise ratio situation.  
5.2 The sound pressure levels at the listener's ear from intruding speech depend upon:  
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5.4 The primary purpose of this test method is to assess the speech privacy for an average speech spectrum using the standard Articulation Index method. This requires measurement of the relevant acoustical characteristics discussed in 5.2 and 5.3 for a pair of locations and calculation of the Articulation Index using an average speech spectrum. The average speech spectrum is for male talkers speaking with normal voice effort. In specific cases such as designated quiet work zones for ‘focused work’ where administrative measures have been taken to reduce speech levels, a ‘casual’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy, whereas in designated group work zones for ‘collaborative work’ where lively discussion is expected, a ‘raised’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means of objectively assessing speech privacy between locations in open plan spaces. This test method relies upon acoustical measurements, published information on speech levels, and standard methods for assessing speech communication. This test method does not measure the performance of individual open plan components which affect speech privacy; but rather, it assesses the privacy which results from a particular configuration of components (1, 2).2  
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4.1 Situations for which outdoor sound level data are required include, but are not limited to, comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits.  
4.2 This guide provides information to (1) measure outdoor sound level in the vicinity of outdoor fixed noise sources, and (2) document other observations necessary for the measurements. This guide provides a standard procedure for a trained acoustical professional that will produce results and documentation which are consistent with the purposes cited in 1.1.1 – 1.1.5.  
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1.1.4 Validating sound prediction models, and  
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ASTM E1014-12(2021)(Guide)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to, the following:  
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1.1 This guide covers the measurement of A-weighted sound levels outdoors at specified locations or along particular site boundaries, using a general purpose sound-level meter.  
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1.2.1 Survey around a site boundary,  
1.2.2 Survey at a specified location,  
1.2.3 Survey to find the maximum sound level at a specified distance from a source.  
1.3 The data obtained using this guide are presented in the form of either time-average sound levels (abbreviation TAV and symbol LAT, also known as equivalent sound level or equivalent continuous sound level abbreviated LEQ and with symbol LAeqT ) or A-weighted percentile levels (symbol LX).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 There are several purposes of this test:  
5.1.1 For transmission loss: (a) to characterize the sound insulation characteristics of materials in a less expensive and less time consuming approach than Test Method E90 and ISO 140-3 (“reverberant room methods”),  (b) to allow small samples tested when larger samples are impossible to construct or to transport, (c) to allow a rapid technique that does not require an experienced professional to run.  
5.1.2 For transfer matrix: (a) to determine additional acoustic properties of the material; (b) to allow calculation of acoustic properties of built-up or composite materials by the combination of their individual transfer matrices.  
5.2 There are significant differences between this method and that of the more traditional reverberant room method. Specifically, in this approach the sound impinges on the specimen in a perpendicular direction (“normal incidence”) only, compared to the random incidence of traditional methods. Additionally, revereration room methods specify certain minimum sizes for test specimens which may not be practical for all materials. At present the correlation, if any, between the two methods is not known. Even though this method may not replicate the reverberant room methods for measuring the transmission loss of materials, it can provide comparison data for small specimens, something that cannot be done in the reverberant room method. Normal incidence transmission loss may also be useful in certain situations where the material is placed within a small acoustical cavity close to a sound source, for example, a closely-fitted machine enclosure or portable electronic device.  
5.3 Transmission loss is not only a property of a material, but is also strongly dependent on boundary conditions inherent in the method and details of the way the material is mounted. This must be considered in the interpretation of the results obtained by this test method.  
5.4 The quantities are measured as a functio...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of a tube, four microphones, and a digital frequency analysis system for the measurement of normal incident transmission loss and other important acoustic properties of materials by determination of the acoustic transfer matrix.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E1179-13(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Sound Sources Used for Testing Open Office Components and Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification states the requirements for sound sources used for measuring the speech privacy between open offices or for measuring the laboratory performance of acoustical components. The sound source shall be a loudspeaker enclosed in a box that has a maximum dimension of 0.30 m (1 ft) on a side, to reduce spurious sound reflections. The measurements shall be carried out in a free sound field. The measurement microphone, amplifier, and level meter used to measure sound pressure levels shall satisfy the requirements prescribed. When the sound source is driven with the qualification signal, the sound output shall be adequate to maintain one-third octave-band sound pressure levels at least 10 dB above the corresponding background noise in each band at each measurement location. The directivity of the sound source shall be verified by driving the source with the qualification signal and measuring the sound pressure levels at measurement points.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification states the requirements for sound sources used for measuring the speech privacy between open offices and for measuring the laboratory performance of acoustical components (see Test Methods E1111 and E1130).  
1.2 The sound source shall be a loudspeaker located in an enclosure driven with an appropriate test signal.  
1.3 This specification describes the sound source and method of qualifying it using a special qualification signal. Test signals required by open office test methods may differ.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1110-06(2019)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Determination of Articulation Class

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each weighting factor given in Table 1 represents the fraction of overall speech intelligence contained within the associated one-third octave frequency band.  
4.2 The weighting factors in Table 1 are obtained by multiplying each individual one-third octave band weighting factor of ANSI S3.5-1969 by 300. Articulation class (AC) values are thus related to but distinctly different from articulation index (AI) values. In particular, the AC considers only the effect of signal attenuation; while the AI considers such additional factors as speech level and spectrum and background sound level and spectrum.
Note 2: The AC is similar to the DAI rating proposed by Warnock6 and has been shown to correlate with AI values derived from ANSI S3.5, except where the AI approaches 1 or 0 (AI values range between 1 and 0 and approach 0 with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility). Articulation class values give the reverse. They usually exceed 100 and increase with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility. Extensive comparison between AC ratings and subjective judgments of open-plan speech privacy has not yet been accomplished.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification provides a single figure rating that can be used for comparing building systems and subsystems for speech privacy purposes. The rating is designed to correlate with transmitted speech intelligence between office spaces.  
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this classification are applications involving female speakers or children,2 languages other than English, and sound spectra other than speech. Thus excluded, for example, would be comparisons of building systems or subsystems for their effectiveness in reducing transmitted noise from machinery, industrial processes, bowling alleys, music rooms, places of entertainment, and the like.  
Note 1: Published work by Pearsons, et al, may eventually permit the restriction on female speakers to be relaxed.3  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1704-95(2018)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Specifying Acoustical Performance of Sound-Isolating Enclosures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide can be used to produce a specification for the acoustical performance of an enclosure.  
5.2 This guide is intended for those familiar with basic concepts of acoustics.  
5.3 Although this guide provides detailed guidance in matters relating to specification of acoustical enclosures, it is not a substitute for the experience and judgment of an acoustical or noise control professional.  
5.3.1 This guide calls for measurements common within acoustical practice.  
5.3.2 The more critical the performance requirements of the enclosure, the more the user should consider seeking the services of an acoustics or noise control professional.  
5.4 The specifying of a sound-isolating enclosure has three sequential steps:  
5.4.1 Determine the sound pressure levels that exist at specific locations prior to the introduction of the enclosure,
Note 1: In the case of new construction, the sound pressure level is often estimated from the sound power levels of noise-emitting equipment and a general description of the acoustical properties of the environment.  
5.4.2 Determine the maximum permissible sound pressure levels that must exist at the same locations after the introduction of the enclosure, and  
5.4.3 Determine the required enclosure level reduction. The required isolation is related to the difference between the sound pressure levels before and after the introduction of the enclosure.  
5.5 Many specifications are for multiple enclosures or enclosures with multiple functions, or both. It is beyond the scope of this guide to provide detailed guidance for every possible combination. Separate specifications for each source-enclosure-receiver combination should be used in such a case.  
5.6 The type of specification that should be selected depends both on the purpose of the enclosure and how crucial its performance is. In general:  
5.6.1 If exceeding a particular maximum permissible sound pressure level spectrum would render the enclosure unsuccessf...
SCOPE
1.1 The guide covers the development of criteria for the acoustical performance of a broad variety of acoustical enclosures by identifying information necessary to unambiguously describe acoustical performance. This guide is not a standard ASTM specification for a sound-isolating enclosure.  
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this guide are technical considerations for enclosure design that do not pertain directly to acoustical performance.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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